Electricity Generator Usage in Kano Walled City: The Climate Change Implication (original) (raw)
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Awareness and Attitude to Social and Health Hazards from Generator Use in Anyigba, Nigeria
Research Journal of Medical Sciences, 2008
Electricity supply in Nigeria is erratic and supply grossly inadequate. This has forced many Nigerians to use electric generators as alternative source of power supply. The use of the generators has resulted in having to cope with hazards associated with it. This study was carried out to examine the awareness and attitude of people to the hazards associated with use of generators. Descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted using self-administered structured questionnaire on 360 randomly selected respondents in Anyigba town in middle-belt Nigeria. Proportion of respondents (73.2%) that use of generators was very high. Majority (78.2%) of the respondents who owned generators were aware of the social and health hazards associated with generator use. More than half, 183 (56.6%) of the respondents felt that they were prone to hazards from generator use, while (85.5%) thought neighbours of generator users are exposed to noise hazard. Majority of the respondents were favourably disposed to the plight of their neighbour when accosted due to disturbance from generator use.. There is a high level of generator use in the study population due to lack of and erratic public electricity power supply. This exposes people to a lot of hazards particularly noise. To ameliorate social and health hazards associated with use of generators in Nigeria, government should intensify efforts in boosting public power supply. Users of generators need to make effort to reduce exposure of people to noise and other hazards.
Domestic Electric Power Generator Usage and Residents Livability Milieu in Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, 2017
Incessant electric power failures have forced Nigerian residents into extensive use of electric power generator. This implicates a host of environmental livability glitches. This study therefore appraises the livability implications of domestic usage of electric power generators. The relative incidence of generator use was appraised. Residents’ livability was also assessed across the three recognizable residential densities of the city having 20 political wards. Out of the total 561, 56 urban blocks (10%) were sampled. A questionnaire was administered to 511 respondents using a multi stage approach. Noise dosimeter was used to measure the noise level. Likert scaling method was used in the transformation of ordinal data into ratio or interval data. Regression analysis was used to explain the relationship between the relative incidence of electric generator use (GUI) and the relative level of residents’ livability (RLI) in the study. A high level incidence of power outage (81%) was ob...
Research Square (Research Square), 2024
The quest for development is one thing that has remained true about human nature throughout history, man will utilize resources as much as possible, natural and non-natural, physical and abstract, permanent and ephemeral, to the greatest extent feasible. In light of this, one type of resource, in particular, is fossil fuels, which are particularly important in the generation of energy (Babatunde et al., 2020). For decades, fossil fuels have provided energy to a wide range of human activities. Nigeria is a country rich in energy resources but has yet to fully use these vast energy resources with minimal environmental and climatic consequences (Vincent-Akpu, 2012). The study employed a mixed-methods convergent design, combining quantitative and qualitative data to enhance understanding of the research problem through questionnaire, interview as well as sampling of air quality and noise levels in Computer-Village, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. Data collected were analysed using Microsoft O ce Excel, Sonix's advanced automated translation engine and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Chi-square statistics, T-test at 95% con dence interval and a p-value of ≤ 0.05). It was established that there was a signi cant relationship between Generator Usage and its effect on health and environment. The study also revealed that the sampling of air quality shows the presence of noxious gases such as Carbon monoxide, Volatile Organic Compounds, Nitrogen dioxide, Sulphur dioxide, and Particulate Matters as well as high noise levels which negatively impact the environment and also pose signi cant risk to human health. The level of knowledge and awareness of generator hazards was generally high among respondents in Computer-Village with the majority being knowledgeable of the effects of exposure on their health.
Households Domestic Energy Sources in Wudil Town, Kano State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT This research investigated the household’s sources of energy in Wudil town. Using a structured interview with 80 households in Cikin Gari, Sabon Gari, and GRA areas of Wudil town, and field observation, the study investigated the major energy sources and types used by the households. The study revealed that fuel wood is the most dominant domestic energy type used by the households and also shows that the relationship between per capita income and per capita fuel wood consumption does not hold, as all the respondents (100%) indicated wood as their main source of energy. It appears that households with 15 to above family size use more fire wood (40%) than others. Also education level shows no impact on fuel wood consumption as all the respondents uses firewood. The alternative source of modern energy was found to be unaffordable to many households due to high poverty level. It is recommended, among other things, that energy policy and development projects aimed at reducing fuel wood dependency in Wudil town and the nation in general for sustainable environment should work not only to increase the supply of modern energy but also make them affordable by reducing the poverty level of the poor households. Key Words: Households, Consumption, Energy, Fuel wood, Policy.
CEDTECH International Journal of Management Studies & Entrepreneurial Development Volume 3, Number 3, , 2022
A key indicator of a nation's development and growth is the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. This singular indictor affects every sphere of the nation's economy. Globally, the challenge today is to development an environmentally friendly source of energy due to the impact of fossil fuel on the climate. The fact that electricity availability is scarce in Nigeria is not new. There is need to address this deficiency. The over reliance on fuel powered electricity generators and its attendant effect is not the best. Hence, this study to figure out some of the conventional generator's challenges by users that should facilitate or encourage the use of fuel less generators to meet electricity demand.
2020
Private individuals, Businesses and Industries have long resulted in the use of stand-alone generators as an alternative source to a public utility. These sources burn fossil fuels to power the loads connected to them. The environmental effects of using the common fuel sources; petrol and propane gas for the generators were however investigated in this article. Measurement, observation and analysis of the carbon-monoxide emission, ambient temperature, and sound level of the two sources were independently carried out at various loading conditions. Observations however depicted the two sources raising ambient temperature of the environment they are put in by close to 15%. The carbon monoxide emission for propane fired generator was maximum at 240W load with 204ppm while that of petrol fired generator was maximum at no load with 733ppm. The carbon monoxide emissions were constant for the propane-fired generator but reduces as the load increases for the petrol fired generator. The emission for both sources was above the WHO standard exposure limits of 87ppm for 15minutes. The sound level of approximately 90dB for both sources, when compared with EPA standards, should not be exposed to in proximity for more than 90minutes. Running these generators far away from living rooms will have a little direct effect on people's health but a lot on the depletion of the ozone layer thereby causing global warming. They will however be more directly harmful when they are run close to our living rooms, and offices causing several diseases/impairments which may ultimately lead to death.
The Profile of Energy Generation and Consumption in Nigeria
Nigeria's energy need is on the increase as the population is not balanced by adequate energy development availability. This paper explains the profile of energy generation and consumption in Nigeria with the challenges faced. The ever increasing demand and inadequate supply of energy in Nigeria has been a great challenge to her development. A robust solution must be found to end the nation's energy crises. Energy efficiency which is a component of energy consumption leads to important social benefits, such as reducing the energy bills for poor households. From an economic point of view, implementing the country's renewable energy target will have significant effects, but these can partly be offset by selling carbon credits according to the rules of the 'Clean Development Mechanism' agreed some 10 years ago, which will result in indirect health benefits. In the shift to Nigeria sustainable energy generation future, many factors need to be considered and appropriately addressed. These include a full exploitation and promotion of renewable energy resources, energy efficiency practices, as well as the application of energy conservation measures in various sectors such as in the construction of industrial, residential, and office buildings and transportation. Indeed, Nigeria receives a huge amount of solar radiation, has abundant wind energy resources, and large deposits of fossil fuel, as well as enormous hydro-power resources from Niger and Benue Rivers. About 80% of hydro-power remains untapped, the total 5.5KW-hr/m2/day of solar radiation is not utilized and wind energy resources remain unexploited. The solution lies in creating a mixed supply of energy whereby untapped renewable resources are combined with abundant non-renewable fossil fuel, including the massive quantities of gas wasted from crude oil exploitation.
Hazards Assessment Analyses of Fossil-fuel Generators: Holistic-study of Human Experiences and Perceptions in South-Southern Nigeria, 2016
Users of fossil-fuel generators for electricity-supply to households/buildings/premises/apartments in Port-Harcourt, Uyo & Calabar metropolitan-cities [and environs] of Nigeria, with their Neighbours were repeatedly engaged for three (3) consecutive years, to determine their subjective-perceptions and experiences of the associated environmental, health, psycho-social, financial, security and safety hazards/issues etc. Field surveys/investigations were conducted on the study-area, which was segmented into three-hundred (300) settlement-clusters; then, tailor-suited questionnaires were administered to generator-users and their neighbours [as 'respondents']. After analyzing the data, research-findings revealed that: There is an overwhelming dependence on, and a prevalent/predominant use [80.1% of all Journal of Sustainable Development Studies 154 68,400 households/buildings/premises/apartments surveyed in 3 years] of fossil-fuel generators in these cities and environs. Some generator-users are fully-aware and 'strongly-agree' that, there are related: Environmental-hazards [air-pollution (50.9%) and noise-pollution (48.8%) etc.]; Health-hazards [sleep-disturbance (84.6%), hearing-loss (67.1%), ophthalmic-problems (45.0%) & difficulty in mental-concentration (88.8%) etc.]; Psycho-social issues [quarrels/verbal confrontations (89.4.0%), reports to local-authority(ies)/mediation (6.4%), revenge-attempts (2.6%), forced-relocations (1.3%), arrests (0.2%) & litigation (0.1%) etc.]; Financial-implications [purchase-costs ranging from US$90.91-≥US$60,606.06 etc.]; Security concerns/challenges [the 5,500 reported cases of gunshot-violence i.e. 41.8% of all 13,158 generator-related crimes committed etc.]; and Safety-hazards [fire-incidences, fuel-ingestions and deaths accounting for 5.6%, 60.5% and 2.2% resp. of all 8,928 reported-cases of generator-use related accidents].
The study was carried out among Ilese-Ijebu residents southwestern Nigeria, to assess their perceived health and environmental problems associated with different sources of household energy use for cooking, then their perception and acceptability of adopting other alternative source of energy (biogas). A focused group discussion and self-structured questionnaire administration methodologies were adopted to elicit information on their current energy sources and adoption for alternative energy source (biogas). The researchers randomly selected twenty five (25) households to include the total sample size of one hundred (100) and organized an interactive session on the subject matter, during which three prepared forms were given out to the participants to filled their demographics characteristics, sources of energy for household cooking with associated health and environmental problems and perception and acceptability of biogas, descriptive statistics and likert scale technique were used to analyze the results obtained. The results of the analysis showed that, the respondents do make use of more than one source of energy for cooking, kerosene stoves (95), firewood (63), charcoal stove(32), while lesser people made use of liquefied gas (12) and electricity (5). Average numbers of respondents 50-60 are aware of associated health and environmental problems with firewood and charcoal, but not ready to use electricity and liquefied gas because of bills and fire hazards when the energy sources is not properly handled. However, the likert scale results of the positive score of 227 and the negative score of 598 on the acceptability of use of biogas for domestic cooking indicating that, presently, the residents are not ready to adopt the biogas as the alternative energy. Therefore, there is need to organize massive awareness campaign, health education talks among the residents on the effect of air pollution associated with household energy sources and consumption, health and financial benefits of adopting other alternative clean energy source.