Feasibility of Using Magnetic Amorphous Metals as Core Materials in Power Transformers (original) (raw)
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An amorphous core transformer: design and experimental performance
Materials Science and Engineering: A, 1997
The main aspects related to the design and experimental implementation of a 1 kVA, 220 V/l10 V, 60 Hz amorphous metal core transformer (prototype) are presented. The core material is the amorphous alloy Fe,,B,,Si,. This as-cast core was annealed at 380°C for I h in an argon atmosphere, under a DC magnetic field applied along the ribbon length to induce an uniaxial anisotropy. After having been annealed, samples of the core material were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by X-ray diffraction and no crystallization was observed. Experimental tests are presented to compare the amorphous core transformer performance with that of a commercial transformer with the same ratings values, but built with a steel core. In comparative terms, the amorphous core transformer presented lower active losses and lower excitation power than the commercial steel core transformer. 0 1997 Elsevier Science S.A.
Comparative Study of Amorphous-Core Transformer with Copper Winding versus Aluminum Winding
Ch. Kiran Kumar, I. Haritha, K. Rajeev, Md.Fh. Nizamuddin, K. Gopinadh, 2013
Amorphous core transformers are in developing stage; they are considered as energy efficient transformers. Cost of amorphous core transformer is about 20 to 30 per cent higher than that of a conventional transformer of same KVA rating. Among several parameters, cost of winding material is a parameter, on which cost of a transformer depends. In a transformer, the cost of winding material may be up to 28 per cent of overall cost of a transformer. Cost of a transformer may be reduced if aluminum winding is adopted in place of copper winding; aluminum is lighter in weight and cheaper in price, compared to copper winding. Here, a comparative study is presented for an amorphous core transformer with copper winding versus aluminum winding, in terms of cost efficiency and mechanical forces. It has been found that, if aluminum winding is adopted for 400KVA amorphous core transformer, the cost reduces, efficiency improves and mechanical forces also remain within limit.
Nowadays traditional use of other materials such as Al, copper etc increases the transmission losses, cost and reduce the efficiency but on the other hand amorphous core material design that reduces losses upto 25-40 percent improves the efficiency and reduce the cost of production. This paper describes the Energy savings & comparison chart with conventional transformers & similar rating show that iron losses are 30% of the CRGO Transformers. Total owning cost (TOC) is reduced by improvement in environments factor socials & economics costs of generation related to CO2, SO2, & other greenhouse gases emissions. This paper describes the performance characteristics and analysis of amorphous hexa core materials used for transformer in distribution cases with magnetisation characteristics. It describes the various design and advantages of amorphous core transformer with simple structured core transformer.
Reducing Losses in Electrical Distribution Systems Using Amorphous Transformers
2010
More than ever, electric utilities and industries today are searching for technologies that will reduce their operating costs and improve energy savings throughout their systems. New transmission and distribution technologies are now available to help utilities meet these goals. Modern standard grain-oriented silicon steel does give low loss and this loss has been reduced substantially over the years by improvements in treatment, such as cold-rolling and laser-scribing. Future improvements in standard silicon steel losses will be relatively modest. However, amorphous magnetic metal used for transformer cores does give the possibility of decrease core losses compared to standard core steel materials. The magnetic core of this transformer is made with amorphous metal, which is easily magnetized / demagnetized In this paper is presented a comparison between traditional distribution transformers and amorphous distribution transformers. The advantages of amorphous distribution transforme...
In this paper possibilities of improvement in properties of electric distribution transformers through the use of new soft magnetic materials, mainly amorphous alloys, as transformer cores. The properties of amorphous were compared to conventional electrical cold-rolled grain oriented (CRGO). Amorphous metal is a unique alloy that exhibits a molecular arrangement that is random in structure, rather than the organized crystalline structure. By utilizing amorphous metal as a transformer core material, it is possible to achieve higher transformer efficiency. Because of the improved magnetic properties and the physical dimensions of the material, the hysteresis and eddy current losses are greatly reduced. With the application of amorphous metal cores, transformer core loss can be reduced by more than 60 %. The initial costs of amorphous core transformer are higher than that of a standard CRGO transformer but it has several advantages. In this paper the design of CRGO, amorphous core distribution transformer with square section of core (AMDTS) is compared with CRGO core distribution transformer in terms of losses, efficiency and cost.
The design and experimental implementation of a single-phase power transformer operating at 1 kVA, 110/220 V, and 60 Hz, with an amorphous alloy core are described. The prototype core material is annealed in an argon atmosphere, under a dc magnetic field applied along the ribbon length. The experimental results are presented to compare the amorphous core transformer performance with another transformer with the same rated power, but with a silicon steel core.
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Distribution transformer is an internal link between the distribution network and customers. Keeping in view the frequent failure of distribution transformer, power utilities in the world are now producing distribution transformers on the basis of loss evaluating factors. As the cost of electrical energy has been rapidly rising rural electricity board has introduced amorphous metal core transformer to overcome shortage of electricity. Iron-based amorphous ribbon has been considered as a high efficiency option for distribution transformer core material but only a small penetration into the market has occurred. This paper reviews the present status of amorphous material in distribution transformers and shows that in many situations it is the best option where true energy losses operating conditions are considered fully. Performance of distribution transformer with CRGO and with Amorphous core including losses and improvement in efficiency is discussed in this paper. A case study of Amorphous core transformer of 63 KVA is presented and losses are capitalized and the payback period over the replacement of CRGO transformer of the same capacity is evaluated.
Amorphous metal-based transformers (AMTs) have been around for more than 25 years but their use has only been restricted to experimental level in the European utilities networks. This was due to energy economics and to some technical disadvantages of amorphous metals when compared to grain-oriented silicon iron steels. AMTs currently find increasing use in the Asian and USA markets at single phase and low rated powers < 250 kVA. If, however, AMTs are to penetrate the market of European utilities, they have to withstand the stresses of the short-circuit test as described in IEC 60076. The effects of short circuit currents can be tremendous both for the transformer (i.e. explosion) and for the stability of the network. Since short circuits occur quite often, the short circuit withstand capability is regarded as belonging to the main characteristics of a transformer installed in a European distribution network. Short circuit withstand capability in amorphous transformers can be an i...