Comprehensive review of several surfactants in marine environment: Fate and ecotoxicity (original) (raw)

Environmental toxicology and chemistry / SETAC, 2015

Abstract

Surfactants are a commercially important group of chemicals widely used on a global scale. Despite high removal efficiencies during wastewater treatment, their high consumption volumes mean that a certain fraction will always enter aquatic ecosystems, with marine environments being the ultimate sites of deposition. Consequently, surfactants have been detected within marine waters and sediments. However, aquatic environmental studies have mostly focused on the freshwater environment, whereas marine studies are considerably underrepresented by comparison. The present review aims to provide a summary of current marine environmental fate (monitoring, biodegradation, and bioconcentration) and effects data of five key surfactant groups; linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), alcohol ethoxysulphates (AES), alkyl sulphates (AS), alcohol ethoxylates (AE) and ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride (DTDMAC). Monitoring data are currently limited, especially for AES and AS. Biodegradation was shown...

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