Effects of intrauterine and cervical artificial-insemination catheters on farrowing rate and litter size (original) (raw)
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Use of Intra-Uterine Insemination of Pigs: Pros, Cons & Economics
2001
Reproductive performance is a major concern for pork producers because the financial stability of a pork enterprise that produces piglets is substantially influenced by fecundity index (FI) for number of piglets born alive (FI = farrowing rate x litter size born alive). It is well known that farrowing rate and litter size are affected by numerous factors. 1,2 A new reproductive technique that pork producers are hearing and reading about is intrauterine insemination. 3,4,5 Intra-uterine insemination is the process of placing spermatozoa directly into the uterine body instead of the cervix as traditionally done ( ). The uterine body is located between the cervix and uterine horns. The uterine body is about 1.5 to 2.0 inches long. Although the sperm cells are placed about 8 inches farther into the female reproductive tract, the sperm cells still have to be transported through the uterine horns (32 to 46 inches in gilts; 47 to 52 inches in sows; ).
Ciencia Rural, 2007
A total of 298 Camborough 22® sows was distributed in two treatments: T1 (n=154): intrauterine insemination (IUI) with 0.5 billion sperms in 20ml total volume; T2 (n=144): traditional insemination (TAI) with 3.0 billion sperms in 90ml total volume. It was possible to perform the IUI in 98.1% of sows. It was observed presence of blood on the catheter tip or pipete in 8.4% of IUI sows. The pregnancy (PR) and adjusted farrowing rates did not differ (P>0.05) among treatments. Litter size (LS) differ among treatments (P<0.05), being observed a reduction of 0.8 piglet in IUI. The blood presence in the IUI did not affect the PR significantly, but resulted in a reduction of 2.6 piglets per litter.
Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 2020
Recent studies have focused on the use of seminal plasma to increase sow fertility after classical intracervical artificial insemination (AI). The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of seminal plasma infusion, prior to the application of conventional AI dose, on the fertility rate in sows. A total of 114 sows were treated with intrauterine infusion of 30ml seminal plasma (SP), while 114 control sows were infused by physiological solution (PS), immediately before the application of conventional AI dose. The experiment was conducted at one commercial pig farm in Serbia, which is comprised of 1,500 sows in the breeding herd. Intrauterine infusion of seminal plasma produced significantly (P<0.05) higher farrowing rate (93.8%) and significantly (P<0.01) more live-born piglets per litter (12.27), compared with the control sows (83.33% farrowing rate and 10.48 piglets). The present results show that intrauterine infusion of seminal plasma can be a useful tool f...
Results Regarding Sows's Intrauterine Insemination
Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 2009
Often, for the sows's artificial seeding, literatur e recommends the use of a 3-5 billion mobile sperm / dose. This number is high co mpared with other species and is determined by the particularities of the uterus. With various techniq ues has tried to reduce the number of sperm \ dose without sowing depreciate results. Intrauterine insemination consists in semen laying in the uterine horn base, using a special catheter, simple and eas y to handle. Avoiding the first obstacle for the spermatozoons, cervix, the method allow the spermatozoons number (insemination dose) decrease, without sow reproduction performance depreciation. Biological material was represented by Camborough primiparous and multiparous sows distributed in tow batches: · control batch (CB) -usual inseminated sows with 4 b illions/dose mobile spermatozoons; · experimental batch (EB)-intrauterine inseminated so ws, with 2 billions/dose mobile spermatozoons. Semen was diluted with diluent Merck III. Each sow was i...
Deep intrauterine insemination in sow: results of a field trial
Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2005
Riassunto Traditional insemination techniques in pigs depose a high number of spermatozoa (2 to 3x109 spermatozoa) in a large volume of liquid (80-100 ml) into the cervix channel. The dose can be reduced markedly deposing it directly into the uterine horn. Previous studies showed that fertility rate and litter size were not significantly different with 5 or 15x107 spermatozoa in 10 ml into the uterus. The goal of this study was to determine the on-farm application and the reproductive performance of the deep intrauterine insemination (Firflex® probe, MAGAPOR, Spain) in sows. Experiments were conducted under field conditions in 4 commercial pig farms in the North of Italy (September 2003 and March 2004). A total of 166 crossbred multiparous sows were randomly selected after weaning and assigned to one of the following groups: Group 1 – traditional insemination with 3x109 sperm./dose, two insemination per oestrus (n=94) and Group 2 – deep intrauterine insemination with 15x107 sperm./d...
Animal Reproduction Science, 2012
In order to obtain better fertility, we evaluated two ovine artificial insemination (AI) catheters that were manufactured according to the anatomical structure of the ewe cervix. Morphometric data of the cervix in Churra and Assaf breeds were used to design two types of curved catheters: CAT06 with one curvature and ZIGZAG with five curvatures in a zigzag shape. Two commercial catheters (IMV ® and Minitüb ®) were used as controls. In experiment 1, cervical penetration and the degree of reflux were measured in a Cervical AI simulated assay both Churra (n = 28) and Assaf ewes (n = 28). In experiment 2, a fertility study was performed with three catheters (only one commercial control catheter-IMV) in 465 inseminations (Assaf); and a second study analyzed only the top two catheters (IMV and CAT06) in 428 inseminations (210 Assaf and 218 Churra). The ewes were synchronized using intravaginal sponges (40 FGA mg during 14 days) and 500 IU of eCG. Deeper penetration of the cervix was obtained with the new catheters compared with the commercial ones (1.5, 1.3, 3.5 and 3.2 cm for the IMV, Minitüb, CAT06 and ZIGZAG catheters, respectively). The cervical penetration and the reflux grade of each catheter showed no differences between breeds. In experiment 2, the degree of penetration had no correlation with fertility of different catheters. The best percentage of lambing ewes was obtained with the IMV and CAT06 catheters (39.5 and 48.1%, respectively. vs 27.2% for ZIGZAG catheter, in the Assaf breed). Regarding effect of breed, Assaf (39.3% and 49.5 for IMV and CAT06, respectively) showed better lambing rates than Churra (29.0% and 39.0%, respectively), and the CAT06 catheter showed significantly higher rates for each breed.
Reproductive performance of sows submitted to intrauterine insemination
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2009
This study evaluated the effect of the insemination-ovulation (AIOV) interval and sperm cell dose (SD) on the reproductive performance of sows submitted to intrauterine artificial insemination (IUI). The experimental design involved a factorial 2x2 (1x10 9 spermatozoa (1 bi) and 2x10 9 spermatozoa (2 bi) at 0-24 and 25-36h insemination-ovulation intervals). Estrus detection and time of ovulation (assessed by transcutaneous ultrasonography) were performed twice a day at 12 h intervals. After the onset of estrus sows were distributed into the four treatments receiving a single IUI. A total of 66 PIC Camborough 22 sows were inseminated with a flexible catheter and a 60 ml SD stored at 17°C up to 36 hours. Pregnancy was determined by transcutaneous ultrasonography 20-23 days after IUI. Pregnant sows (51/57) were slaughtered at 31.7±4.3 days of pregnancy and total embryos (TE) and corpora lutea were counted. Pregnancy rate was analyzed by chi-square test. TE and embryonic survival (ES) were analyzed by GLM procedure and means were compared by Tukey's test. No interaction was observed (P>0.05) between SD and AIOV interval. PR and ES did not differ between SD or AIOV intervals (P>0.05). TE was not affected by SD but it was lower (P<0.05) for the interval insemination-ovulation of 25-36h compared to 0-24h.
The Design of a New Catheter for Transcervical Artificial Insemination in Ewes
Animals
In ovine species, transcervical artificial insemination (TCAI) is limited by the poor quality of frozen–thawed semen and by the convoluted cervical lumen hampering the passage of inseminating devices. The aim of the study was to test the efficiency of three newly designed catheters with bent tips of 3.5 mm, 5.0 mm or 8.0 mm in terms of reproductive performances (experiment 1) and to compare the results of TCAI with the best performing catheter of experiment 1 to those obtained in ewes submitted to surgical incision of cervical folds (SICF) prior to insemination (experiment 2). The following parameters were assessed: time to pass the cervix; depth of cervical penetration; site of deposition of semen; pregnancy (PR); and lambing rates (LR). The results of experiment 1 indicated that the 5.0 mm tip catheter resulted in deeper and faster TCAI and higher PR and LR compared to 3.5 mm and 8.0 mm tip catheters (p < 0.05). In experiment 2, TCAI with the 5.0 mm catheter did not differ from...
Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 2006
A new procedure for non-surgical deep intrauterine insemination (DUI) in unrestrained sows hormonally induced to ovulate, has been reported. In comparison with standard artificial insemination (AI), with this procedure, the sperm numbers inseminated can be reduced 20-fold without reducing the reproductive performance of these hormonally treated sows. The present study evaluated, using two experiments, the reproductive performance applying 20-fold different sperm numbers per AI dose using DUI or standard AI in spontaneously ovulating sows, under field conditions. In experiment 1, AI was applied to crossbred sows at 12, 24 and 36 h after onset of spontaneous oestrus using one of the following two regimes: (i) DUI (treatment) with 0.15 · 10 9 fresh boar spermatozoa in 5 ml of Beltsville thawing solution (BTS) extender (n ¼ 95), and (ii) standard cervical AI (control) with 2.85 · 10 9 fresh spermatozoa in 95 ml of BTS extender (n ¼ 95). The farrowing rates of the two groups of sows were statistically similar (NS). However, a decrease (p < 0.002) in litter size and the total number of pigs born alive was observed in sows inseminated with the DUI procedure. In experiment 2, 42 post-weaned oestrus sows were inseminated following the same design described for experiment 1 during spontaneous oestrus. On day 6 after onset of oestrus, the proximal segment of the uterine horns of the sows were flushed under surgery to retrieve eventual embryos and evaluate the success of fertilization per cornua (e.g. occurrence of effective uni-vs bilateral sperm transport rendering uni-or bilateral, complete or partial fertilization). Retrieved embryos were assessed for cleavage and number of accessory spermatozoa. Although identical overall pregnancy rates were achieved in both insemination groups, the percentage of sows with partial bilateral fertilization and unilateral fertilization was markedly higher (p < 0.05) in the DUI group (35%) compared with the control (standard AI) group (5%), with a consequent lower (p < 0.001) percentage of viable early embryos after DUI. The number of accessory spermatozoa in the zona pellucida of the embryos was highly variable, but higher (p < 0.001) in control animals than in DUI-AI. No accessory spermatozoa were found in oocytes retrieved from sows depicting unilateral fertilization. In conclusion, DUI in spontaneously ovulating sows with 0.15 · 10 9 spermatozoa renders similar farrowing rates but a lower litter size compared with use of standard AI with a 20-fold higher sperm dose. The lower litter size ought to be related to a decreased distribution of spermatozoa after DUI leading to a higher incidence of partial bilateral and unilateral fertilization.
Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 2005
A new procedure for nonsurgical deep intrauterine insemination (DUI) in non-sedated sows has recently been reported (Martinez et al. 2002 Reproduction 123, 163–170). In comparison to traditional artificial insemination (AI), using this procedure, a 20-fold reduction in the number of spermatozoa inseminated can be used without a decrease in fertility when hormonally treated post-weaning estrous sows are used. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of DUI under field conditions. In Experiment 1, crossbred sows (2–6 parity) were weaned at 20.75 ± 0.06 days. Estrous detection was performed once per day, beginning 3 days after weaning. Sows with a weaning to estrus interval of 4–5 days were selected to be inseminated. A total of 190 sows were inseminated at 12, 24, and 36 h after onset of estrus using one of the following two regimes: (1) DUI with 150 × 106 fresh spermatozoa in 5 mL of BTS (n = 95) and (2) Traditional AI with 3 × 109 fresh spermatozoa in 100 mL of...