Membrane separation processes tackle textile waste-water treatment (original) (raw)
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Membrane separation for wastewater reuse in the textile industry
Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2001
A technical and economical analysis of the application of a membrane separation technique for the purification of wastewaters aimed at their reuse is described. The investigation has been carried out by treating wastewaters of a pilot plant, reproducing on a smaller scale a separation system based on ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. Significant indications for the exploitation of this approach on the fulling industrial scale were gained during the work. The effluent from dyeing and finishing plants, after activated sludge oxidation, was treated at an 800 l/h by means of sand filtration, followed by a separation in an ultrafiltration membrane module. The last separation step, reverse osmosis at 8 bar pressure, produced a permeate (60% of the inlet flow) that, relying on the analytical screening performed, was of much better quality with respect to process water presently in use. Therefore the permeate produced can be re-used in all production steps, including the most demanding ones concerning water quality such as dyeing with light coloration. A preliminary analysis of investment and operating costs also gave encouraging indications of the economic feasibility of the approach.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019
The reuse and recycling of water in an industry is a hot topic in today's growing economy; considering water scarcity, strict regulations for discharge and the high cost of water treatment and supply. This study was planned to investigate the treatment and recycling potential of textile wastewater using membrane technology. Several combinations of ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes were applied both independently and in sequential arrangements to find the most suitable option for each type of segregated wastewater flow. However, dyeing and first washing wastewater with high salinity, the configuration of UP005+NF200+NF90 in a sequential arrangement provided 99.4% color, 99.1% COD, and 43.2% conductivity rejection. The UF+NF configuration was evaluated as the most promising solution to achieve the required water quality for water reuse applications without affecting fabric dyeing parameters and quality in case of pretreatment and post dyeing operations.
Treatment of textile effluents by membrane technologies
The textile industry is a large water consumer. As regulations become stringent and the cost of freshwater increases, reclamation of wastewater becomes more and more attractive. This paper presents the results of the laboratory-scale membrane experiments of textile industry effluents previously biologically treated by activated sludge. Different types of Microfiltration (MF), Ultrafiltration (UF) and Nanofiltration (NF) membranes were evaluated for permeate flux and their suitability in separating COD, colour, conductivity, Total dissolved salts (TDS) and turbidity. Experiments demonstrated that membrane treatment is a very promising advanced treatment option for pollution control for textile industry effluents.
Environmental Technology, 2005
In compliance with the protection of the drinking water source in one of the state capital of India, a cluster of small scale textile industries implemented membrane processes based on treatability studies for recovery of boiler feed water quality with recourse to effluent recycling/reuse. The paper addresses to a case study in one of the textile units on upgradation of a full scale effluent treatment plant comprising chemical, biological, tertiary and advanced treatment processes. Based on the adequacy assessment of chemical and biological processes, improvement in the performance of the unit processes were achieved through optimization of coagulant dosage for chemical coagulation and build-up of active biomass in the activated sludge system. In addition, application of membrane separation processes comprising ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis units are also highlighted including disposal of reverse osmosis (RO) rejects through evaporator leading to zero liquid effluent discharge. The treatment scheme implemented resulted in conservation of around 55% of fresh water demand for industry.
Remediation of textile effluents by membrane based treatment techniques: A state of the art review
Journal of Environmental Management, 2015
The textile industries hold an important position in the global industrial arena because of their undeniable contributions to basic human needs satisfaction and to the world economy. These industries are however major consumers of water, dyes and other toxic chemicals. The effluents generated from each processing step comprise substantial quantities of unutilized resources. The effluents if discharged without prior treatment become potential sources of pollution due to their several deleterious effects on the environment. The treatment of heterogeneous textile effluents therefore demands the application of environmentally benign technology with appreciable quality water reclamation potential. These features can be observed in various innovative membrane based techniques. The present review paper thus elucidates the contributions of membrane technology towards textile effluent treatment and unexhausted raw materials recovery. The reuse possibilities of water recovered through membrane based techniques, such as ultrafiltration and nanofiltration in primary dye houses or auxiliary rinse vats have also been explored. Advantages and bottlenecks, such as membrane fouling associated with each of these techniques have also been highlighted. Additionally, several pragmatic models simulating transport mechanism across membranes have been documented. Finally, various accounts dealing with technoeconomic evaluation of these membrane based textile wastewater treatment processes have been provided.
Different membrane processes were experimented on at pilot scale to verify the possibility of reusing textile wastewater. The pilot plant used sand filtration and ultrafilWation (UF) as pre-treatments for a membrane process of nannfilWation (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO). UF was obtained by the installation of an innovative module designed on fiat membranes operating under vacuum; the configuration of the NF and RO membranes was spiral wound. The efficiency of the various trealments in removing pollutants from textile wastewater from an activated sludge plant was tested on the reduced scale to optimize the industrial plant design. The UF module tested works at low operating pressure (that involves low energy costs) and guarantees a constant permeate (feed of the next membrane process of NF or RO). The RO permeate can be reused in the dyeing processes as demonstrated by many yarn dyeing tests on the industrial scale. NF does not reach the retention behaviour of RO (total hardness removal of 75% and >90% for NF and RO, respectively). Nevertheless, a change in the freshwater trealment (atpresent an ion-exchange resin softening) downstream from the use of process water in the factory would decrease the secondary effluent salinity, so the design of the advanced purification industrial plant could reasonably foresee a NF treamlent instead of RO, allowing a reduction of the costs.
MEMBRANE PROPERTY OPTIMIZATION FOR TREATMENT OF TEXTILE INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT
Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 2024
Textile industry wastewater is rich in color, has a low BOD/COD ratio, and contains high levels of salts (TSS and TDS). There is the presence of heavy metals at high concentrations. This has a major environmental impact underlined by chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). These issues arise from the presence of dye, pieces of fiber, and other surface treatment agents viz., detergents, salts, and caustic soda. Hence membrane optimization is investigated for treatment and recovery of these components, which would provide both economic and ecological benefits. It was required to provide chemically stable membranes, which would provide efficient separation for these components at effluent conditions of pH, temperature, and other parameters. A major challenge here was a selection of membrane and backing material with sustainability at low pH conditions of textile effluent. Hencepolysulfone (PSF) based membranes with cellulose as backing were optimized and tried for clarification of textile effluent. These membrane properties were further optimized for the recovery of other components. Membrane formation and performance were optimized with the proposition of a two-stage process for clarification and further concentration. Formed membranes showed excellent removal of impurities, validated by ICPMS. The clarified solution can be further treated for concentration enhancement from 7 to 20 %. Such recovered alkaline solution can be recycled or used in further applications. This solution provides an economically attractive and environmentally benign process. Further, it provides the advantages of low energy consumption, high efficiency in separation, and non-thermal processing of sensitive composite products.
Removal of Dye From Wastewater of Textile Industry Using Membrane Technology
Jurnal Teknologi, 2002
Homemade textile industry is very famous in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Known locally as Batik Industries, they are traditionally inherited from generation to generation. The Batik Industry makes a big contribution to the economic growth due to high demands locally and from abroad. However, this industry produces wastewater which contributes to water pollution since it utilizes a lot of chemicals. Preliminary studies show that the wastewater from this homemade textile industries contains grease, wax, heavy metal, surfactant, suspended solid, and dyes (organic and inorganic). This paper explores the use of microfiltration membrane separation processes to remove the suspended solid (mainly due to dyes in the painting and coloring processes) from wastewater of batik industry. With the fabrication of a suitable experimental rig, the effect of dye concentration, dye pH, and operating pressure were studied. Data on the flux and rejection together with the average values for each of the parameters studied were presented systematically. The results show that the dye concentration, pH of dye, and the operating pressure was found to affect the filtration process. The average flux was reduced when the dye concentration was increased. The experimental results reveded that flux increased when the applied pressure was increased with the highest flux was observed at pH 4. The data collected could be used to improve the effectiveness of dye removal from the batik industry wastewater using membrane technology.
METHODS FOR WASTE WATERS TREATMENT IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY
The processes of production of textiles or wet treatments and finishing processes of textile materials are huge consumers of water with high quality. As a result of these various processes, considerable amounts of polluted water are released. This paper puts emphasis on the problem of environmental protection against waste waters generated by textile industry. The methods of pre-treatment or purification of waste waters in the textile industry can be: Primary (screening, sedimentation, homogenization, neutralization, mechanical flocculation, chemical coagulation), Secondary (aerobic and anaerobic treatment, aerated lagoons, activated sludge process, trickling filtration, oxidation ditch and pond) and Tertiary (membrane technologies, adsorption, oxidation technique, electrolytic precipitation and foam fractionation, electrochemical processes, ion exchange method, photo catalytic degradation, thermal evaporation). The selection of the purification method depends on the composition and type of waste waters.
Water, 2023
Several processes have been developed to treat the textile effluents. Membrane technologies are among the most reliable processes for purifying these effluents. However, due to high costs, only reduced quantities are being treated. The recycling practices of treated textile effluents (TTE) in agriculture have not been appropriately explored. This work evaluates the quality of waters treated by membrane processes and puts forward a scenario for optimizing TTEs in agriculture. Four types of TTE have been tested to irrigate Sesbania bispinosa plants: water from biological treatment (BT) and water from three membrane processes after BT (Ultrafiltration (UF), Nanofiltration (NF), and Reverse Osmosis (RO)). The results indicate that the NF and RO membranes have a high affinity to remove monovalent and multivalent ions. Indeed, the removal of SO42−, Na+, and Cl− by NF was 83, 61, and 55%, respectively. Thus, the RO reduces approximately 96% of these elements. Irrigation with NF and RO wate...