Europeanization in Turkey-Stretching a Concept to its Limits? (original) (raw)
Abstract
Research on Europeanization and domestic change has moved south-eastwards and was provided with another real-world experiment when it has meet with Turkey. This paper explores to what extent Europeanization approaches travel to Turkey, which does have a ...
Loading Preview
Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.
References (124)
- Ademmer, Esther 2011: You Make Us Do What We Want! The Usage of External Actors and Policy Condi- tionality in the European Neighbourhood, in: KFG Working Paper Series 32, Kolleg-Forschergrup- pe (KFG) "The Transformative Power of Europe", Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin.
- Ademmer, Esther/Börzel, Tanja A. 2012: Migration, Energy and Good Governance in the EU's Eastern Neighbourhood, in: Europe Asia Studies, forthcoming.
- Akşit, Sait/Şenyuva, Özgehan/Gürleyen, Işık 2011: The Turkish Parliamentary Elite and the EU: Mapping Attitudes towards the European Union, in: South European Society and Politics 16/3, 395-407.
- Andonova, Liliana B. 2003: Transnational Politics of the Environment. The European Union and Environ- mental Policy in Central and Eastern Europe, Cambridge: MIT Press.
- Avcı, Gamze 2011a: The Nationalist Movement Party's Euroscepticism: Party Ideology Meets Strategy, in: South European Society and Politics 16/3, 435-447.
- Avcı, Gamze 2011b: The Justice and Development Party and the EU: Political Pragmatism in a Changing Environment, in: South European Society and Politics 16/3, 409-421.
- Ayata, Bilgin 2012: Kurdish Transnational Politics and Turkey's Changing Kurdish policy: The Journey of Kurdish Broadcasting from Europe to Turkey, in: Journal of Contemporary European Studies, forthcoming.
- Aydın, Mustafa/Açıkmeşe, Sinem A. 2007: Europeanization through EU Conditionality: Understanding the New Era in Turkish Foreign Policy, in: Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans 9/3, 263-274.
- Aydın, Senem/Çarkoğlu, Ali 2009: Reforms for a Consolidated Democracy: Turkey, in: Morlino, Leonardo/ Magen, Amichai (eds): International Actors, Democratization Rule of Law: Anchoring Democracy? New York: Routledge, 120-155.
- Aydın, Senem/Keyman, Fuat 2004: European Integration and the Transformation of Turkish Democracy, in: CEPS EU-Turkey Working Papers 2:1, Brussels: Centre for European Policy Studies and Istanbul: Economics and Foreign Policy Forum.
- Baç, Meltem Müftüler 2005: Turkey's Political Reforms and the Impact of the European Union, in: South European Society and Politics 10/1, 17-31.
- Baç, Meltem Müftüler 2011: Turkish Foreign Policy, its Domestic Determinants and the Role of the Euro- pean Union, in: South European Society and Politics 16/2, 279-291.
- Baç, Meltem Müftüler/Gürsoy, Yaprak 2010: Is There a Europeanization of Turkish Foreign Policy? An Ad- dendum to the Literature on EU Candidates, in: Turkish Studies 11/3, 405-427.
- Baran, Zeyno 2000: Corruption: The Turkish Challenge, in: Journal of International Affairs 54/1, 127-146.
- Bardakçı, Mehmet 2008: Political Reforms in Turkey and the Impact of the European Union Post-Helsinki Era, Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller.
- Bardakçı, Mehmet 2010: Turkish Parties' Positions Towards the EU: Between Europhilia and Europhobia, in: Romanian Journal of European Studies 10/4, 26-41.
- Bölükbaşı, Tolga/Ertugal, Ebru 2012: Europeanisation of Employment Policy in Turkey: Tracing Domestic Change through Institutions, Ideas and Interests, in: South European Society and Politics, forth- coming.
- Bölükbaşı, Tolga/Ertugal, Ebru/Özçürümez, Saime 2010: The Impact of the EU on Turkey: Toward Stream- lining Europeanisation as a Research Programme, in: European Political Science 9/4, 464-480.
- Boduszynski, Mieczyslaw P. 2012: The Unbearable Weight of Structure and State-Building? The Trials and Triumphs of Europeanization in Croatia', in: Elbasani, Arolda (ed.): European Integration and Transformation in the Western Balkans: Europeanization or Business as Usual? London: Rout- ledge, forthcoming.
- Börzel, Tanja A. 2003: Guarding the Treaty: The Compliance Strategies of the European Commission, in: Börzel, Tanja A./Cichowski, Rachel A. (eds): The State of the European Union VI: Law, Politics, and Society, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 197-220.
- Börzel, Tanja A. (ed.) 2009a: Coping with Accession to the European Union. New Modes of Environmental Governance, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Börzel, Tanja A. 2009b: New Modes of Governance and Accession. The Paradox of Double Weakness, in: Börzel, Tanja A. (ed.) Coping with Accession to the European Union. New Modes of Environmen- tal Governance, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 7-31.
- Börzel, Tanja A. 2011a: When Europe Hits … Across its Borders. Europeanization and the Near Abroad, Comparative European Politics 9/4, 394-413.
- Börzel, Tanja A. 2011b: When Europe Hits Limited Statehood. Europeanization and Domestic Change in the Western Balkans, in: KFG Working Paper Series 30, Kolleg-Forschergruppe (KFG) "The Trans- formative Power of Europe", Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin.
- Börzel, Tanja A. 2012: Europeanization Meets Turkey. A Case Sui Generis? in: Nas, Çiğdem/Özer, Yonca (eds) 2012: Turkey and the EU: Processes of Europeanisation, Aldershot: Ashgate, forthcoming.
- Börzel, Tanja A./Pamuk, Yasemin 2012: Pathologies of Europeanization. Fighting Corruption in the South- ern Caucasus, in: West European Politics 35/1, 79-97.
- Börzel, Tanja A./Risse, Thomas 2003: Conceptualising the Domestic Impact of Europe, in: Featherstone, Kevin/Radaelli, Claudio M. (eds): The Politics of Europeanisation, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 57-80.
- Börzel, Tanja A./Risse, Thomas 2007: Europeanization: The Domestic Impact of EU Politics, in: Jorgensen, Knud Erik/Pollack, Mark. A/Rosamond, Ben (eds): Handbook of European Union Politics, London: Sage, 483-504.
- Börzel, Tanja A./Risse, Thomas 2012a: From Europeanization to Diffusion: Introduction, in: West European Politics 35/1, 1-19.
- Börzel, Tanja A./Risse, Thomas 2012b: When Europeanization Meets Diffusion. Exploring New Territory, in: West European Politics 35/1, 192-207.
- Börzel, Tanja A./van Hüllen, Vera 2011: Good Governnce and Bad Neighbours? The Limits of Transforma- tive Power Europe, in: KFG Working Paper Series 35, Kolleg-Forschergruppe (KFG) "The Transfor- mative Power of Europe", Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin.
- Canan, Fuat 2009: The Impact of Europeanization on Turkish Foreign Policy: An Analysis of Period since 1999, Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller.
- Celep, Ödül 2011: The Republican People's Party and Turkey's EU Membership, in: South European Society and Politics 16/3, 423-434.
- CIVICUS 2010: Civil Society Index Project Country Report for Turkey II. Civil Society in Turkey: At a Turning Point, TUSEV Publications, no. 51.
- Cowles, Maria Green/Caporaso, James A./Risse, Thomas (eds) 2001: Transforming Europe. Europeaniza- tion and Domestic Change, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
- Çarkoğlu, Ali/Bilgili, Nazli Ç. 2011: A Precarious Relationship: The Alevi Minority, the Turkish State and the EU, in: South European Society and Politics 16/2, 351-364.
- Çarkoğlu, Ali/Kentmen, Çiğdem 2011: Diagnosing Trends and Determinants in Public Support for Turkey's EU Membership, in: South European Society and Politics 16/3, 365-379.
- Çelenk, Ayşe A./Guney, Aylin 2010: Europeanization and the dilemma of decentralization: centre-local relations in Turkey, in: Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern studies 12/3, 241-257.
- Diez, Thomas (ed.) 2002: The European Union and the Cyprus Conflict: Modern Conflict, Postmodern Union. Manchester, New York: Manchester University Press.
- Diez, Thomas/Agnantopoulos, Apostolos/Kaliber, Alper 2005: Turkey, Europeanization and Civil Society, in: South European Society & Politics 10/1, 1-15. Europeanization in Turkey | 19
- Dulupçu, Murat A. 2005: Regionalization for Turkey. An illusion or a cure? in: European Urban and Regional Studies 12/2, 99-115.
- Elbasani, Arolda (ed.) 2012a: European Integration and Transformation in the Western Balkans: European- ization or Business as Usual? London: Routledge, forthcoming.
- Elbasani, Arolda 2012b: Europeanization Travels to the Western Balkans: EU Enlargement, Domstic Obsta- cles and Institutional Change, in: Elbasani, Arolda (ed.): European Integration and Transformation in the Western Balkans: Europeanization or Business as Usual? London: Routledge, forthcoming.
- Ergun, Ayça 2010: Civil society in Turkey and Local dimensions of Europeanization, in: Journal of European integration 32/5, 507-522.
- Ertugal, Ebru 2010: Europeanization and multi-level governance in Turkey, in: Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 10/1, 97-110.
- Ertugal, Ebru 2011: Institutional Change and Europeanisation: Explaining regional policy reform in Turkey, in: Policy & Politics 39/2, 257-273.
- Falkner, Gerda/Treib, Oliver/Holzleitner, Elisabeth 2008: Compliance in the European Union. Living Rights or Dead Letters? Aldershot: Ashgate.
- Faucompret, Eric/Konings, Jozef (eds) 2008: Turkish Accession to the EU: Satisfying the Copenhagen Crite- ria, London: Routledge
- Glyptis, Leda-Agapi 2005: The Cost of Rapprochement: Turkey's Erratic EU Dream as a Clash of Systematic Values, in: Turkish Studies 6/3, 401-420.
- Goetz, Klaus H. 2005: The New Member States and the EU: Responding to Europe, in: Bulmer, Simon/ Lequesne, Christian (eds): The Member States of the European Union, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 254-278.
- Göksel, Asuman 2011: Domestic Social Policy Change due to the Pressures of European Integration: Equal- ity between Men and Women at Work and Women's Employment Policies in Turkey, in: Vural, İpek E. (ed.): Converging Europe: Transformation of Social Policy in the Enlarged European Union and in Turkey, Aldershot: Ashgate, 207-226.
- Grabbe, Heather 2006: The EU's Transformative Power -Europeanization through Conditionality in Central and Eastern Europe, Houndsmills: Palgrave Macmillian.
- Grigoriadis, Ioannis N. 2009: Trials of Europeanization: Turkish Political Culture and the EU. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Grigoriadis, Ioannis N. 2008: On the Europeanization of Minority Rights Protection: Comparing the Cases of Greece and Turkey, in: Mediterranean Politics, 13/1, 23-41.
- Gürsoy, Yaprak 2011: The Impact of EU-Driven Reforms on the Political Autonomy of the Turkish Military, in: South European Society and Politics 16/2, 293-308.
- Heper, Metin 2005: The EU: Turkish Military and Democracy, South European Society and Politics 10/1, 33-44.
- İçduygu, Ahmet 2008: The anatomy of civil society in Turkey: toward a transformation, in: Keyman, Fuat E. (ed.): Remaking Turkey: Globalization, Alternative Modernities, and Democracy, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 179-197.
- İçduygu, Ahmet 2011: Interacting Actors: The EU and Civil Society in Turkey, in: South European Society and Politics 16/3, 381-394.
- Jacoby, Wade 1999: Priest and Penitent: The EU as a Force in the Domestic Politics of Eastern Europe, in: East European Constitutional Review 8/1-2, 62-67.
- Jacoby, Wade 2006: Inspiration, Coalition and Substitution. External Influences on Postcommunist Trans- formations, in: World Politics 58/4, 623-651.
- Jacquot, Sophie/Woll, Cornelia 2003: Usage of European Integration -Europeanisation from a Sociological Perspective, in: European Integration online Papers 7/12, 1-18.
- Kalaycıoğlu, Ersin 2011: The Turkish-EU Odyssey and Political Regime Change in Turkey, in: South Euro- pean Society and Politics 16/3, 265-278.
- Kaliber, Alper 2012: Turkey's Cyprus Policy: A Case of Contextual Europeanization, in: Nas, Çiğdem/Özer, Yonca (eds) 2012: Turkey and the EU: Processes of Europeanisation, Aldershot: Ashgate, forth- coming.
- Kelley, Judith G. 2004: International Actors on the Domestic Scene: Membership Conditionality and Social- ization by International Institutions, in: International Organization 58/3, 425-457.
- Kelley, Judith G. 2006: New Wine in Old Wineskins: Promoting Political Reforms through the New Euro- pean Neighbourhood Policy, in: Journal of Common Market Studies 44/1, 29-55.
- Keyman, Fuat E./Öniş, Ziya 2007: Turkish Politics in a Changing World: Global Dynamics and Domestic Transformation, Istanbul: Istanbul Bilgi University Press.
- Kirişci, Kemal 2011: Reforming Turkey's Asylum Policy: Is it Europeanization, UNHCR-ization or ECHR-iza- tion? in: KFG Conference on "Faraway, So Close? Reaching beyond the Pro/Contra Controversy on Turkey's EU Accession," 2-4 June, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Kubicek, Paul (ed.) 2003: The European Union and Democratization, London: Routledge.
- Kubicek, Paul 2009: The European Union and Political Cleavages in Turkey, in: Insight Turkey, 11/3, 109- 126.
- Külahci, Erol 2005: EU Political Conditionality and Parties in Government: Human Rights and the Quest for Turkish Transformation, in: Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans 7/3, 387-402.
- Lavenex, Sandra 2004: EU External Governance in Wider Europe, Journal of European Public Policy 11/4, 680-700.
- Morlino, Leanardo/Sadurski, Wojciech (eds) 2010: Democratization and the European Union: Comparing Central and Eastern European Post-Communist Countries, London: Routledge.
- Nas, Çiğdem/ Özer, Yonca (eds) 2012: Turkey and the EU: Processes of Europeanisation, Aldershot: Ash- gate.
- Narbone, Luigi and Nathalie Tocci 2009: Running around in circles? The cyclical relationship between Tur- key and the European Union", in: Verrney Susannah/Ifantis, Kostas (eds): Turkey's Road to Euro- pean Union Membership: National Identity and Political Change, Oxon: Routledge, 21-33.
- Noutcheva, Gergana/Bechev, Dimitar 2008: The Successful Laggards: Bulgaria and Romania's Accession to the EU, in: East European Politics and Society 22/1, 114-144.
- Noutcheva, Gergana/Düzgit, Senem Aydın 2012: Lost in Europeanization? The Western Balkans and Turkey, in: West European Politics 35/1, 59-78.
- Oğuzlu, Tarik 2004: The Impact of Democratization in the context of the EU Accession Process on Turkish Foreign Policy, in: Mediterranean Politics 9/1, 94-113.
- Öniş, Ziya 2006: Turkey's encounters with the New Europe: Multiple Transformations, Inherent Dilemmas and the Challenges Ahead, in: Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans 8/3, 279-298.
- Öniş, Ziya 2007: Conservative Globalists versus Defensive Nationalists: Political parties and Paradoxes of Europeanization in Turkey, in: Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans, 9/3,247-261
- Öniş, Ziya 2009: The New Wave of Foreign Policy Activism in Turkey Drifting away from Europeanization? in: DIIS Report 2009, 5, Copenhagen: Danish Institute for International Studies.
- Öniş, Ziya 2010: Contesting for the Center: Domestic Politics, Identity, Conflicts and Controversy over EU Membership in Turkey, in: European Institute Working Paper 2, Istanbul: Bilgi University.
- Öniş, Ziya/Yılmaz, Şuhnaz 2009: Between Europeanization and Euro-Asianism: Foreign Policy Activism in Turkey during the AKP Era, in: Turkish Studies 10/1, 7-24.
- Özcan, Mesut 2008: Harmonizing Foreign Policy Turkey, the EU and the Middle East, Burlington, VT: Ash- gate.
- Özçürümez, Saime/Şenses, Nazli 2011: Europeanization and Turkey: studying irregular migration policy, in: Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern studies 13/2, 233-248.
- Panke, Diana 2007: The European Court of Justice as an Agent of Europeanization. Inducing Compliance with EU Law, in: Journal of European Public Policy 14/6, 847-866.
- Pridham, Geoffrey 2005: Designing Democracy. EU Enlargement and Regime Change in Post-Communist Europe, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Radaelli, Claudio M. 2000: Whither Europeanization: Concept Stretching and Substantive Change, in: Eu- ropean Integration online Papers (EIoP), 4/8.
- Risse, Thomas 2010: A Community of Europeans? Transnational Identities and Public Spheres, Itahaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
- Risse, Thomas (ed.) 2011: Governance without a State? Policies and Politics in Areas of Limited Statehood, New York: Columbia University Press.
- Risse, Thomas/Ropp, Stephen C./Sikkink, Kathryn (eds) 1999: The Power of Human Rights. International Norms and Domestic Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Rumelili, Bahar 2005: Civil Society and the Europeanization of Greek-Turkish Cooperation, in: South Euro- pean Society and Politics 10/1, 45-56.
- Saatçioğlu, Beken 2010: Unpacking the Compliance Puzzle: The Case of Turkey's AKP under EU Condition- ality, in: KFG Working Paper Series 14, Kolleg-Forschergruppe (KFG) "The Transformative Power of Europe", Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin.
- Schimmelfennig, Frank/Engert, Stefan/Knobel, Heiko 2005: The Impact of EU Political Conditionality, in: Schimmelfennig, Frank/Sedelmeier, Ulrich (eds): The Europeanization of Central and Eastern Eu- rope, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 29-49.
- Schimmelfennig, Frank/Sedelmeier, Ulrich 2004: Governance by Conditionality: EU Rule Transfer to the Candidate Countries of Central and Eastern Europe, in: Journal of European Public Policy 11/4, 661-679.
- Schimmelfennig, Frank/Sedelmeier, Ulrich (eds) 2005: The Europeanization of Central and Eastern Europe, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
- Schimmelfennig, Frank/Sedelmeier, Ulrich 2006: Candidate Countries and Conditionality, in: Graziano, Paolo/Vink, Maarten P. (eds): Europeanization. New Research Agendas, Houndsmill: Palgrave Macmillan, 88-101.
- Schimmelfennig, Frank/Trauner, Florian (eds) 2010: Post-accession Compliance in the EU's New Member States, European Integration Online Papers, Special Issue 2/13.
- Sedelmeier, Ulrich 2012: Is Europeanization Through Conditionality Sustainable? Lock-In of Institutional Change After EU Accession, in: West European Politics 35/1, 20-35.
- Sissenich, Beate 2007: Building States without Society: European Union Enlargement and the Transfer of EU Social Policy to Poland and Hungary, Lanham: Lexington Books.
- Somer, Murat 2005: Defensive-vs. liberal-nationalist perspectives on diversity and the Kurdish conflict: Europeanization, the internal debate, and Türkiyelilik, in: New Perspectives on Turkey 32, 73-91.
- Soyaltın, Digdem 2012: Give Me Not Just What I Need But What I Want! EU's Promotion of Fight against Corruption in Turkey, in: KFG Working Paper Series forthcoming, Kolleg-Forschergruppe (KFG) "The Transformative Power of Europe", Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin.
- Spendzharova, Aneta/Vachudova, Milada Anna 2012: Catching-Up? Consolidating Liberal Democracy in Bulgaria and Romania, in: West European Politics 35/1, 39-58.
- Stojanovic, Jelena 2012: EU Political Conditionality Towards Serbia: Membership Prospects vs. Domestic Constraints, in: Elbasani, Arolda (ed.): European Integration and Transformation in the Western Balkans: Europeanization or Business as Usual? London: Routledge, forthcoming.
- Tanıyıcı, Şaban 2010: Europeanization of Political Elite Discourses in Turkey: A Content Analysis of Parlia- mentary Debates 1994-2002, in: Turkish Studies 11/2, 181-195.
- Terzi, Özlem 2010: The Influence of the European Union on Turkish Foreign Policy, Burlington, VT: Ash- gate.
- Terzi, Özlem 2012: Europeanization of Turkish Foreign Policy. After More than 10 Years of EU Candidacy, in: Nas, Çiğdem/Özer, Yonca (eds) 2012: Turkey and the EU: Processes of Europeanisation, Aldershot: Ashgate, forthcoming.
- Tocci, Nathalie 2005: Europeanization in Turkey: Trigger or Anchor for Reforms? in: South European Soci- ety and Politics 10/1, 73-83.
- Tocci, Nathalie 2008: The EU and Conflict Resolution in Turkey and Georgia: Hindering EU Potential Through the Political Management of Contractual Relations, in: Journal of Common Market Studies 46/4, 875-897.
- Tsarouhas, Dimitris 2012: Social Policy in the EU and Turkey: the Limits of Europeanization, in Cigdem Nas and Yonca Özer (eds) 2012: Europeanization and Turkey. A Case Sui Generis? Aldershot: Ashgate.
- Tzimitras, Harry G. 2008: Europeanization and nationalism in the Turkish-Greek rapprochement, in: Insight Turkey 10/1, 111-128.
- Uğur, Mehmet 1999: The European Union and Turkey: An Anchor/Credibility Dilemma, Aldershot: Ash- gate.
- Uğur, Mehmet 2001: Europeanization and convergence via incomplete contracts? The Case of Turkey, in: Featherstone, Kevin/Kazamias, Geōrgios A. (eds): Europeanization and the Southern Periphery, London: Frank Cass, 217-243.
- Uğur, Mehmet/Yankaya, Dilek 2008: Policy Entrepreneurship, Policy Opportunism, and EU Conditionality: The AKP and TÜSIAD Experience in Turkey, in: Governance 21/4, 581-601.
- Ulusoy, Kivanc 2005: Turkey's Reform Efforts reconsidered: 1987-2004, in: EUI Working Paper 28, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, Mediterranean Programme Series, Florence: European University Institut.
- Ulusoy, Kivanc 2008: The Europeanization of Turkey and its impact on the Cyprus problem, in: Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 10/3, 309 -329
- Unalan, Dilek/Cowell, Richard J. 2009: Europeanization, Strategic Environmental Assessment and the Im- pacts on Environmental Governance, in: Environmental Policy and Governance 19/1, 32-43.
- Üstün, Çigdem 2010: Europeanization of foreign policy: the case of Turkish foreign policy towards the Black Sea region, in: Journal of Southeast European and Black Sea studies 10/2, 225-242.
- Vachudova, Milada Anna 2005: Europe Undivided: Democracy, Leverage and Integration After Commu- nism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- van Hüllen, Vera 2012: Europeanisation through Cooperation? EU Democracy Promotion in Morocco and Tunisia, in: West European Politics, 35/1, 117-134.
- Waal, Thomas de 2011: Turkey and Armenia: A Second Chance? in: Turkish Policy Quarterly, March 2011.
- Woll, Cornelia/Jacquot, Sophie 2010: Using Europe Strategic Action in Multi-level Politics, in: Comparative European Politics 8/1, 110-142.
- Yılmaz, Gözde 2011: Is There a Puzzle? Compliance with Minority Rights in Turkey (1999-2010), in: KFG Working Paper Series 23, Kolleg-Forschergruppe (KFG) "The Transformative Power of Europe", Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin.
- Yılmaz, Gözde 2012: From EU Conditionality to Domestic Choice for Change: Exploring Europeanization of Minority Rights in Turkey, in: Nas, Çiğdem/Özer, Yonca (eds) 2012: Turkey and the EU: Processes of Europeanisation, Aldershot: Ashgate, forthcoming. Europeanization in Turkey | 23
- Youngs, Richard 2001: The European Union and the Promotion of Deomcracy: Europe's Mediterranean and Asian Policies, Oxford: Oxford University Press.