Bdliberation-essay (original) (raw)
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DergiPark (Istanbul University), 2023
Ethno-linguistic differences and economic grievances created a rift between the distanced wings. After independence, the decision to make Urdu the state language was resented by the Bengalis. They launched a movement that reached its climax in February 1952, taking several lives. Above it, the domination of West Pakistanis in state affairs was seen as a colonial legacy, having its imprint even after independence. The feelings of deprivation had the worst effect on the state's integrity, leading to a nationalist struggle, which resulted in the secession of East Pakistan. The study has hypothesized that inept policies and structural inequalities worsen the situation, providing a space to separatist elements. The study has concluded that diverse culture and economic disparity led to secession.
Language Controversy: Impacts on National Politics and Secession of East Pakistan
South Asian Studies
Politics like other fields is mute without language. Though graphics, pictures and movies play important role yet they are ineffective, if not mixed with words. It was Hearst, an American journalist, who sent a cartoonist to Cuba to furnish the picture of Cuban war but he himself used words to 'furnish the war.' The international politics is also worthless without appropriate choice of language. In politics, use of proper words is inevitable for achieving political objectives and avoiding controversies but sometime language itself becomes a political issue. Pakistan faced this problem in early years of its independence when language controversy exercised far-reaching effects on subsequent history of the country as a whole. Imposition of Urdu as state language was thought unjust by Bengalispeaking Eastern wing and they demanded that Bengali should be given equal status to that of Urdu. There was a sense of being ignored and exploited by West Pakistan and it was thought a rightful demand on part of East Pakistan to have its own language. Bengali written in Devanagari was not approved by the central leadership and this attitude was resented by the Bengalis who asserted that Bengali was as much language of Muslim as that of Urdu. This sense of exploitation resulted in division of country into Bangladesh and Pakistan. Language was the major factor that contributed and intensified the feeling of mistrust between the two wings. The paper is an effort to shed light on how language issue contributed in determining the fate of a nation with special reference to the creation of Bangladesh.
. Separation of East Pakistan javed iqbal
In 1971, Pakistan as a nation suffered the most terrible shock in its entire history. We lost one wing of our country due to reasons that are well known but yet not very well understood. In December 1971, East-Pakistan became the independent state of Bangladesh as a result of a movement of
Bangladesh: From Autonomy to Independence
2024
From the beginning of the creation of Pakistan there had been controversies of language. In 1947, that controversy took a permanent place. In 1948, Dhirendranath Dattas' demand of using Bangla language beside English and Urdu was rejected. On 19th March, Muhammad Ali Jinnah proposed to write Bangla with Arabic alphabets and that made people of West Bengal angry. The movements in those times were the first movement against the Pakistani rulers. At that time people realized the importance of their own development by focusing on their mother tongue. In 1952s' Language Movement people erupted in protests. For violating section 144 on 21 February people were shot by police. Barkat, Jabber, Rafiq, Salam, Shafiur were killed. Those massacres made a big reaction in the minds of Bengalis. This movement made the people of the country aware of their rights, unity and freedom. They realized that they need to develop politics, economy, education, culture with their own identity as Bengali. This unity of identity later played a role in the establishment of the state of Bangladesh.