Arachidonic acid immunoregulation in lambs persistently infected with border disease virus (original) (raw)
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Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2011
In this study, we investigated the changes occurring in the activities of determining the biochemical and hematological parameters in persistently infected sheep with border disease virus (BDV) and control sheep. While cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose parameters were found to be statistically different between control and BDV positive groups (p<0.01), total protein, alkaline phosphotase, creatine kinase, amylase, glucose, and high-density lipoprotein were found to be statistically different between control and persistently infected group (p<0.01). Interestingly, all groups were shown only mean corpuscular volume parameter was different (p<0.01). It was found that cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, amylase, highdensity lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein parameters were different between PI and infected sheep (p<0.01). It was speculated that BDV might effect also the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor and determination of the changes in BD and its clinical importance might contribute to the veterinarians and scientists studying in this area.
Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 2011
O perfil patogênico de um vírus da raiva isolado de um morcego insetívoro Lasiurus ega foi comparado com o de vírus fixo de raiva (CVS/32) em hamster e camundongo, determinando os períodos de incubação e clínico, manifestação clínica e mortalidade. Os animais foram desafiados com 10 2,611-4,021 DL50 /0,05 mL do isolado de L. ega e 10 3,7- 4,7 LD50 /0,05 mL do CVS/32, usando as vias: intramuscular (IM), intradermica (ID), intranasal (IN) e abrasão epidermica (AE). A presença do antígeno viral foi confirmada pela prova de imunofluorescência direta. As porcentagens de mortalidade observadas com o isolado de L. ega foram as seguintes em hamster: 3,5% IM, 10,71% IN; em camundongo: 50.0% IM, 30.0% IN. A forma furiosa da doença foi predominante. As porcentagens de mortalidade observadas com o vírus CVS/32 em hamster foram as seguintes: 12.5% IM, 62.5% ID, 12.5% IN; em camundongo 100.0% IM, 70.0% ID, 10.0% IN. Com este vírus foi observada raiva paralitica. A via AE mostrou-se inadequada par...
Características de la respuesta inmune de cerdos infectados con el rubulavirus porcino
Vet. Méx, 2004
Porcine rubulavirus is responsible for blue eye disease in porcine, which is characterized by neurological signs, corneal opacity and high mortality in young pigs. Reproductive disorders such as epididymitis and testicular atrophy are also common in sexually mature pigs. Since its identification at the beginning of 1980´s, many researches have identified the main molecular, pathological, biological and immunological characteristics of the disease. This review discusses the recent advances related to the humoral and cellular immune response to porcine rubulavirus. The importance of the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) protein as an inducer of specific antibodies during infection and the importance of CD4+CD8-lymphocytes during early immune responses and CD4+CD8+ lymphocytes in memory response are also discussed.
Cell-mediated and humoral immunity in sheep exposed to bovine immunodeficiency-like virus
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 1994
Six sheep were transfused intraperitoneally with whole blood from two sheep chronically infected with the bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV). Five sheep were transfused intraperitoneally (i.p.) with normal ovine whole blood and served as controls. Five of six BIV-inoculated sheep seroconverted; four were transiently seropositive while one remained seropositive for the duration of the experiment. Tests for nonspecific lymphocyte reactivity to mitogens were performed monthly for one year. At approximately 10 months postinoculation, all sheep were immunized with chicken ovalbumin, canine red blood cells, and tuberculin. There were no significant associations between BIV exposure and deficits in antibody production to chicken ovalbumin and canine red blood cells; nonspecific lymphoproliferative responses to concanavalin-A, lipopolysaccharide, and pokeweed mitogen; specific lymphoproliferative responses to ovalbumin and tuberculin purified protein derivative; or cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity to tuberculin purified protein derivative. Exposure to BIV did not alter the humoral or ceil mediated immune responses of sheep in the first year of exposure.
Vet. Méx, 2003
The variations of peripheral blood T CD2+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes, IgG anti-Anaplasma antibodies (Abs) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in sera and complete blood culture (CBC) from bovines experimentally infected or not with the same Anaplasma marginale isolate were evaluated. Seven 12 to 14 month old bovines were used. Four (Group I) were inoculated intravenously with 1 × 108 parasitized erythrocytes (PE)/animal, which contained the A. marginale Morelos isolate, at day 0, and with 2 × 10 8 PE, at day 60; while the other three (Group C) were not infected. Peripheral blood samples and sera were collected from all animals to evaluate packed cell volume (PCV), percentage of parasitized erythrocytes (PEP), T CD2+, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes by cytofluorometry as well as Abs and IFN-γ by ELISA. In Group I, the maximum average PEP was 5.2% at day 31 postinfection (p.i.), while the PCV reached an average of 6% at day 46 p.i. Following reinfection (r.i.), the PEP was 0 and the PCV was normal. The values of CD2+ were similar in both groups during the study; however the CD4+ and CD8+ values in Group I dropped significantly (P < 0.05) at day 45 p.i., later reaching similar values to those of Group C. A significant increase (P < 0.05) in fluorescence intensity (FI) in CD2+ and CD8+ lymphocytes from Group I r.i. (days 62 and 83), with respect to the FI obtained in lymphocytes from Group C, was observed. Abs levels in infected bovines increased above the basal values and those of the control animals, beginning at day 51 p.i. Similarly, IFN-γ levels in sera and CBC supernatant from infected bovines were significantly higher (P < 0.05), particularly after reinfection, than those from the noninfected animals.
A comparison of tests on reference serums for BLV antibody
Veterinary Microbiology, 1976
During the summer and fall of 1975 serums from eleven cattle were selected to provide reference serums for a comparative study of serological tests for bovine leukemia virus antibodies by different laboratories. Small quantities of the serums were lyophilized and sent as unknowns to thirteen laboratories. Their results were returned and the identity of the serums together with test results of three laboratories were sent to the iO other cooperating laboratories. The source of serums, cooperating laboratories and results of the tests are indicated in Tables i and 2. The immunodiffusion tests (ID) involved at least 2 antigens. The gs is an ether treated antigen, a polypeptide protein p 24 and gp is a glycoprotein antigen. There was very good agreement in the results of the iO laboratories reporting on immunodiffusion tests. Only laboratory L disagreed in its result on one serum (3) for gs antigen and three serums (2, 7 and 9) for gp antigen. Serum 9 evidently had only a weak antibody against gs antigen since nine laboratories reported negative to weak positive reactions. Complement fixation (CF) results showed variations in titer with laboratory A consistently lower and laboratory B
The Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease which affects sheep and goats and even the wild ruminants. About a billion small ruminants are found in the PPR enzootic areas. Morbilliviruses are primarily lymphotropic and secondarily epitheliotropic. Viral infection and interaction of viral proteins with lymphatic tissues are partly responsible for immune suppression. Transient immunosuppression is also observed after vaccination with attenuated vaccines. Viral isolation is traditionally done on Vero but newer recombinant cell lines are also used. In this work, sensitivity of three cell lines i.e. SLAM-ve-Vero, Vero.DogSLAMtag and B95a having Marmoset SLAM have been compared for PPRV titration. Moreover, infectivity of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with PPR virus (PPRV) has been tested. Finally, live PPRV, recombinant nucleoprotein of PPR Virus (NPPRV) and truncated Δ420-525 NPPRV have been used to demonstrate in vitro inhibition of PHA stimulated lymphoproliferation of PBMCs of naïve goats. The presence of canine SLAM (Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule) receptor but not the marmoset SLAM, enhances infectivity of cell lines by up to 0.8 log10. At multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1, 83.6 percent of PBMCs can be infected with PPRV. PPRV could completely inhibit lymphoproliferation at MOI of 0.75 while NPPRV and Δ420-525 NPPRV could suppress lymphoproliferation by 7.4 % and 17.6 %, respectively. PPRV is lymphotropic as PPRV (Nigeria 75/1) is capable of infecting mitogen activated PBMCs and that presence of canine SLAM in Vero cell line greatly enhances infectivity of PPRV as compared to SLAM negative Vero. Vero.DogSLAMtag is more sensitive cell line for PPRV titration and PPRV isolation. PPRV (Nigeria 75/1) and recombinant N-proteins induce in vitro inhibition of cell proliferation of mitogen stimulated PBMCs of naive goats. Using deleted mutant of NPPRV expressed in baculovirus system, amino acid sequence of NPPRV between 1-420 was found responsible for inducing immune suppression.
Antirotavirus Immunoglobulin A Neutralizes Virus In Vitro
Journal of …, 1998
Rotaviruses are the major cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. Due to their restricted site of replication, i.e., mature enterocytes, local intestinal antibodies have been proposed to play a major role in protective immunity. Whether secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies alone can provide protection against rotavirus diarrhea has not been fully established. To address this question, a library of IgA monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) previously developed against different proteins of rhesus rotavirus was used. A murine hybridoma "backpack tumor" model was established to examine if a single MAb secreted onto mucosal surfaces via the normal epithelial transport pathway was capable of protecting mice against diarrhea upon oral challenge with rotavirus. Of several IgA and IgG MAbs directed against VP8 and VP6 of rotavirus, only IgA VP8 MAbs (four of four) were found to protect newborn mice from diarrhea. An IgG MAb recognizing the same epitope as one of the IgA MAbs tested failed to protect mice from diarrhea. We also investigated if antibodies could be transcytosed in a biologically active form from the basolateral domain to the apical domain through filter-grown Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells expressing the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor. Only IgA antibodies with VP8 specificity (four of four) neutralized apically administered virus. The results support the hypothesis that secretory IgA antibodies play a major role in preventing rotavirus diarrhea. Furthermore, the results show that the in vivo and in vitro methods described are useful tools for exploring the mechanisms of viral mucosal immunity.