Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development (original) (raw)
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The Personality Theories of Freud, Jung and Berne Based on The Personality Theory of Erikson
Development is a dynamic phenomenon and a result of genetic structure. Increasingly privatisation and changing time is a regular process. There is a balance in development. Studying development separately from the different stages is necessary because of practical reasons. Erikson distinguishes eight stages of human development and states that at each stage, the individual is a psychosocial task that must be accomplished. There are two possible consequences of fulfilling each psychosocial task: If the task is completed, a real qualification is added to the person and progress is made in the development. If the task is not completed successfully, the conflict is resolved in an unsatisfactory manner, and the personality is damaged by the negative qualities that are added. The task of the individual is that gain a positive identity as goes from one stage to the other. The concept of personality is physical, mental, emotional and social characteristics of the individual. Personality is all of the qualifications of characteristics that are consistently exhibited and acquired later that separates the individual from others, and it is a changing, evolving and growing phenomenon during the lifespan.
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
Schools of thought[show] Psychology portal • v • t • e Erikson's stages of psychosocial development as articulated by Erik Erikson explain eight stages through which a healthily developing human should pass from infancy to late adulthood. In each stage the person confronts, and hopefully masters, new challenges. Each stage builds on the successful completion of earlier stages. The challenges of stages not successfully completed may be expected to reappear as problems in the future. However, mastery of a stage is not required to advance to the next stage. Erikson's stage theory characterizes an individual advancing through the eight life stages as a function of negotiating his or her biological forces and sociocultural forces. Each stage is characterized by a psycho social crisis of these two conflicting forces (as shown in the table below). If an individual does indeed successfully reconcile these forces (favoring the first mentioned attribute in the crisis), he or she emerges from the stage with the corresponding virtue. For example, if an infant enters into the toddler stage (autonomy vs. shame & doubt) with more trust than mistrust, he or she carries the virtue of hope into the remaining life stages.[1]
І. International symposium humanitarian discourse of muticultural world: Science, education, communication, 24-26 April 2018, Kiev/UKRAIN)., 2018
Erikson has complimentaıy descriptions of personality and view mankind as a social being in nature, having a desire to belong and motivated for significance in their social environment in order to handle with inferiority. Also suggests that four main areas should be taken in consideration during the counseling process: Work, friendship, sexual love, and optimism. Erikson's key identity concepts: Identification, identity formation process, identity achievement, identity crisis. Erikson acknowledges the importance of personality development during childhood and also individual's personality may develop in a process involving ali defend life. But this development process is not so easy also individual is bound to live binary, opposite confiicts. According to Erikson crisis consisting of eight phases contain in each period (turning points) must be overcame in a healthy way. Each stage is binary because it represents two opposite poles. Erikson elaborated the stages and embrace the whole life with his psychosocial theory. Erikson has accented the theme of socio-cultural influences in human development. Erikson stressed the development of self-identity within a social context that provides an orientation toward or against constructive communal living. Erikson believed that human beings are rational creatures and their thoughts, feelings, and actions are largely controlled by the ego. Erikson consider the social as well as the creative self or ego processes as being not less important than biological-self. Erikson designated development as the evolution of "ego identity". The environment that children live in was one of the important aspects of his theories. Erikson in his studies, focused gave importance to child development in terms of interpersonal and cultural influences. Besides, Erikson, had emphasized the importance of the ability of social cooperation. According to Erikson, ego is their past. Each theorist advocates this by taking a different perspective from his own life. more than a medıator between the id and the superego. Erikson's developing "ego identity" incorporates structural influences, perceptions of the world and self, interpersonal orientations, and patterns of problem solving. Being a responsible and participating member of the society is often seen as a sign of maturity. By understanding the process of identity developement is better able to spot potential problems and provide early interventions that can result in better outcomes. As a result, Erikson focused specifically on "growth psychology", which makes Erikson assumed to be the members of the "third force" in psychology. in this handout, the basic concepts of Erikson's psychosocial model theory are summarized by focusing on the related aspects which in turn will contribute to the integration of that theory and psychological determinants of identity developement at the different life stages are researehed. Key words: Erik Erikson, identity, stages of psycho-social development, identity status, identity crisis, turning point.
According to Freud, our personality develops from the interactions among what he proposed as the three fundamental structures of the human mind: the id, ego, and superego. Conflicts among these three structures, and our efforts to find balance among what each of them "desires," determines how we behave and approach the world. What balance we strike in any given situation determines how we will resolve the conflict between two overarching behavioral tendencies: our biological aggressive and pleasure-seeking drives vs. our socialized internal control over those drives.
Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory Applied to My Life
Human development encompasses complex interactions between biological, psychological, and social influences, as Engel proposed in 1977 (Wong et al., 2015). The purpose of this paper is to analyze Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Developmental theory and apply it to critical events that occurred throughout the author's life and correlate developmental stage milestones with notable issues. The author presents traumatic experiences of abuse that occurred from birth until adolescence and significant influences in her development during that time period until her current age of 48. Research has shown that intense trauma and adverse events can disrupt normal development (Nader, 2020). The paper attempts to take research on trauma, the traumatic events in the author's life, and incorporate a view of each stage of psychosocial development.