The Role of Education Level in the Intergenerational Pattern of Adolescent Pregnancy in Brazil (original) (raw)
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Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health, 2004
To use a case-control study to analyze risk factors associated with teenage childbearing among adolescents who were in a birth cohort study that began in 1982 in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods. Adolescent mothers in Pelotas who gave birth between January 1995 and March 2001 and who had been born in 1982 were identified through the local birth information system. These subjects from the 1982 birth cohort were compared to adolescents from the same cohort who had not given birth before March 2001. Standardized interviews were used in 2001 to obtain information about socioeconomic, maternal reproductive, demographic, and lifestyle characteristics. This information was combined with data obtained in earlier phases of this 1982 birth cohort study. Unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors associated with childbearing during adolescence. Results. A total of 420 parous adolescents from the 1982 birth cohort were identified and then compared with 408 cohort adolescents who had not given birth by March 2001. Higher family income in 1982 and more parental schooling in 1982 were inversely related to childbearing among the birth cohort adolescents. Cohort girls whose mothers were under age 20 when they gave birth in 1982 had a higher risk of becoming pregnant while still an adolescent. Cohort girls who, during childhood, lived with siblings from different fathers were twice as likely to become an adolescent mother. Compared to cohort adolescents who had not failed during the first four years of school, those girls who had done so had twice the risk of giving birth during adolescence. Among the cohort girls a positive association was found between younger age at first intercourse and childbearing in adolescence.
Childbearing in adolescence: intergenerational dejà-vu? Evidence from a Brazilian birth cohort
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2013
Background: Pregnancy in adolescence tends to repeat over generations. This event has been little studied in middle and low-income societies undergoing a rapid epidemiological transition. To assess this association it is important to adjust for socioeconomic conditions at different points in lifetime. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the independent effect of adolescent childbearing in a generation on its recurrence in the subsequent generation, after adjusting for socioeconomic status at different points in life.
Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2011
This study evaluated the association between adolescent pregnancy and the completion of basic education, mediated by macrosocial indicators. A cross-sectional household survey was conducted with individuals between the ages of 18 and 24 in three Brazilian cities. For the purposes of this study, individuals between the ages of 20 and 24 were selected from this sample survey that included 4,634 people. A total of 29.6% of the girls declared that they had become pregnant prior to reaching the age of 20, while 21.4% of the boys stated that they had made a girl pregnant in adolescence. Girls from households with a per capita family income of US$70 or less and who became pregnant at least once during adolescence were more likely to have not completed basic education; whereas from households with a per capita family income of US$70 or less, with parents who separated before the adolescent reached the age of 20 and that had made a partner pregnant prior reaching the age of 20 were more like...
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 2018
Objective To investigate the potential long-term effects of adolescent parenthood on completed education and income. Design Population-based birth cohort study. Setting All live births in 1982, whose mothers lived in the urban area of Pelotas, southern Brazil. Sample A total of 3701 participants: 1914 women and 1787 men at age 30 years. Methods Questionnaires were completed by the mothers in the early phases of this study, and by the cohort members in adolescence and adulthood. Linear regression models and G-computation were used in the analyses. Main outcome measures Educational attainment and income at age 30 years. Results In women, adolescent parenthood was associated with lower attained education compared with women without adolescent maternity: by À2.8 years [95% confidence interval (CI) À3.2 to À2.3] if their first birth was at age 16-19, and by À4.4 years (À5.5 to À3.3) at age 11-15. These effects were greater among women who had three or more children. Women with adolescent parenthood also had 49 or 33% lower income at age 30 if their first child was born when aged 16-19 or 11-15, respectively. In men, the adverse effect of adolescent parenthood on education appeared to be mediated by a higher number of children and there was no effect of adolescent paternity on income at age 30 years. Conclusion These findings suggest lasting socioeconomic disadvantages of adolescent parenthood, with larger effects being apparent in women than in men.
Increasing adolescent and youth fertility in Brazil: a new trend or a one-time event
2005
The objective of this paper is to analyze the increase in fertility rates among adolescents and young women in Brazil over the last decade by using census data, household survey data, and administrative records in order to determine the scenario where this increase took place and to hypothesize about the trends for the next decade. The results show an increase in the fertility of adolescents, or youth, defined as the population aged 15-19, while age-specific fertility rates for all other groups have fallen. The 2000 census data show that the greatest increases occurred among the leasteducated women, the poorest, and those living in urban areas. Although the trends of increase seem to have since reversed, the results indicate that the public health system should nevertheless be attentive to adolescent fertility, since the increase was much higher among the poorest, and their fertility levels remain high.
Rapid repeat pregnancy in Brazilian adolescents: interaction between maternal schooling and age
Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology, 2016
An association between rapid repeat pregnancy (occurring within a birth interval of up to 24 months) and undesirable obstetric and perinatal outcomes has been shown, especially among adolescents and women without adequate schooling. To evaluate the effect of the interaction between maternal schooling and age on the incidence of rapid repeat pregnancy (RRP). A non-concurrent cohort study was carried out employing probabilistic record linkage techniques. The 59,400 linked records of singleton live-born infants delivered in 2002 whose mothers were up to 29 years old and lived in Rio de Janeiro City were evaluated. Compared to young adults with adequate schooling, the adjusted risk ratio for RPP for adolescents with inadequate schooling was 2.1 (95% CI 1.8 - 2.4). The attributable proportion was 0.16 (CI 9% 0.02 - 0.29). Young maternal age and inadequate schooling interact increasing RRP.
Pregnancy in adolescence in Brazil: associated factors with maternal age
Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil, 2021
Objectives: describing maternal characteristics, risk behavior, obstetric data, prenatal care and childbirth in adolescent mothers in Brazil (age groups: 12-16 years and 17-19 years). Methods: hospital-based cross-sectional study substantiated by Nascer no Brasil”, (Born in Brazil) data. The study encompassed puerperal adolescent mothers from all regions in the country, and their newborns. Chi-square test was used to compare adolescents in the 12-16 years old age group and those in the 17-19 years old age group. Results: pregnant women in the 12-16 years old age group mostly lived in the Northeast of Brazil (p=0.014); most of them did not have a partner (p<0.001), unplanned pregnancy (p<0.001), they had inadequate schooling for their age (p=0.033), had less than six prenatal consultations (p=0.021), were subjected to episiotomy (p=0.042) and accounted for the largest number of premature babies (p=0.014). Conclusions: puerperal women in the 12-16 years old age group presented v...
A new look at teenage pregnancy in Brazil
2011
This paper brings a synthesis of some of the main results provided by GRAVAD survey (Teenage pregnancy: multicentric study about youth, sexuality and reproduction in Brazil). GRAVAD is a study about sexual and reproductive behavior among Brazilian youth that interviewed 4,634 individuals in a population survey with a random sample. Women and men between 18 and 24 years old were interviewed in three capitals-Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro and Salvador. "Teen pregnancy" is not the consequence of promiscuous sexual activities, as popular beliefs currently state. It is often ignored that amidst the poorer social segments parenthood is seen as a sign of social status, given the lack of professional perspectives. Among the middle class, other sociocultural horizons give parenthood the status of an experience to be lived in later moments of live, when one's professional and financial lives have been consolidated.
School trajectory and teenage pregnancy in three Brazilian state capitals
Cadernos De Saude Publica, 2006
This paper describes the relationship between school trajectory and incidence of teenage pregnancy. A cross-sectional residence-based questionnaire was applied, interviewing 4,634 youth ages 18 to 24 years, selected through a stratified three-stage sample. For the present study, young people ages 20 to 24 years (65.6%) were chosen, with teenage pregnancy rates of 29.5% for females and 21.4% for males (in relation to their partners). Sexual debut was reported by 87% of women and 95.3% of men. The majority of young people reported irregular school trajectory, with 39% enrolled in school at the time of the study. Nearly half of those who had interrupted their studies at least once reported a teenage pregnancy. The main reasons for interrupting their studies were pregnancy and children for women and work for men. School dropout due to teenage pregnancy was mentioned by 40.1% of women for whom the outcome of pregnancy was a child. However, 20.5% had already dropped out of school before becoming pregnant.
Adolescent Pregnancy Risks in a City of Average Size in Northeastern Brazil
Journal of Pregnancy and Child Health, 2014
Introduction: Pregnancy in adolescence is a frequent public health problem worldwide, because it is associated with increased clinical and social complications affecting both mothers and newborn/infants. Materials and Method: An analytical prospective study was conducted, comparing 200 pregnant women followedup during pre-natal care in the city of Cruz das Almas-Bahia-Brazil, in the period between November, 2009 and October, 2010. Women were divided into two groups: adolescents (between 10 and 19 years old) and adults (between 20 and 36 years old). The following socio-demographic variables were analyzed: self-declared color, educational level, marital status, family income. The maternal clinical variables evaluated were: parity, gestational age, gynecological age, weight, height, number of pre-natal consultations, weight gain during pregnancy, mode of birth and complications at birth. The clinical variables described for the newborn were: prematurity, birth weight, Apgar Score in first and fifth minute post-birth. Results: The socioeconomic characteristics differed between the groups. Among adolescent group, there were more single women; family income was lower; first sexual intercourse took place earlier than adult group. There was no difference in maternal and newborn clinical outcomes between the groups, with exception of birth weight, which was lower in adolescent group than adult group. Conclusion: Pregnancy in adolescence is associated with greater social vulnerability, and not with biologic risk when compared with pregnancy at adult age. General Context: The results founded herein demonstrated that pregnancy in adolescence was not associated with unfavorable perinatal or obstetric results, but was associated with greater social vulnerability when compared with those of adult pregnant women.