Technique for collection of cerebrospinal fluid from the cisterna magna in rat (original) (raw)
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Cerebrospinal fluid may mediate CNS ischemic injury
Cerebrospinal fluid research, 2005
The central nervous system (CNS) is extremely vulnerable to ischemic injury. The details underlying this susceptibility are not completely understood. Since the CNS is surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that contains a low concentration of plasma protein, we examined the effect of changing the CSF in the evolution of CNS injury during ischemic insult. Lumbar spinal cord ischemia was induced in rabbits by cross-clamping the descending abdominal aorta for 1 h, 2 h or 3 h followed by 7 d of reperfusion. Prior to ischemia, rabbits were subjected to the following procedures; 1) CSF depletion, 2) CSF replenishment at 0 mmHg intracranial pressure (ICP), and 3) replacement of CSF with 8% albumin- or 1% gelatin-modified artificial CSF, respectively. Motor function of the hind limbs and histopathological changes of the spinal cord were scored. Post-ischemic microcirculation of the spinal cord was visualized by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) albumin. The severity of histopathological d...
Inflammatory mediators of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with spinal cord injury
Surgical Neurology, 2008
Background: The guidelines of MP treatment for acute SCI are still under debate. We examined the inflammatory mediators of CSF in patients with SCI and assessed the effect of MP treatment. Methods: We studied 7 patients with acute SCI at the cervical level and examined the mediators of CSF in patients by cytokine antibody array, ELISA and gelatin zymography. Results: We found that levels of IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, neutrophilactivating peptide 2, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble Fas, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1, and matrix metalloproteinases-2 and-9 were upregulated in patients with complete SCI without MP treatment as compared to patients with MP treatments, incomplete SCI, or controls. Nerve growth factor was upregulated in patients with MP treatment. Conclusions: We suggest that a neuroinflammatory CSF profile after complete SCI could be suppressed with MP treatment via downregulating the expression of various cytokines.
Folia neuropathologica, 2017
Cytokines are widely known mediators of inflammation accompanying many neurodegenerative disorders including normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). NPH is caused by impaired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption and treated by surgical shunt insertion. The early diagnosis of NPH is difficult because of various manifestations of the disease. One of the most promising research directions is biochemical CSF analysis. The aim of this study was to determine the CSF levels of cytokines. The levels of various cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-10 and TNF-α) were measured in patients with idiopathic active normal pressure hydrocephalus, arrested hydrocephalus and hydrocephalus with brain atrophy compared to controls. Our study showed that the concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly elevated in the group with idiopathic active hydrocephalus compared to control patients. Moreover, we observed that the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in the group with idiopathic active hydrocephalus were significantly higher compared to patients with arrested hydrocephalus and hydrocephalus with brain atrophy.
Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 2012
h i g h l i g h t s A simple, rapid, reproducible and chronic technique of CSF collection in rats is developed. Method is minimally invasive and rats showed no signs of stress after repeated CSF collection. Index of successful CSF collection reached to ∼97% with average volume of 150 L. Present model addressed major limitations of previous methods of CSF collection. Model is successfully being used at Orchid Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Limited for screening of NCEs targeting CNS disorders.
Neuronotrophic activities in cerebrospinal fluid of head trauma patients
Experimental Neurology, 1984
Neuronotrophic factors (NTFs) are agents required for neurons to survive in tissue culture. In this study, we investigated the presence of NTFs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with central nervous system (CNS) injury. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected from I5 patients with acute CNS lesions in whom ventricular catheters had been placed to monitor and to facilitate the control of intracranial pressure. Neuronotrophic activity within the CSF was assayed using cultures of neurons derived from fetal rat hippocampus and embryonic chick cerebral cortex. Cerebrospinal fluid from all IS patients contained NTFs which supported the survival of rat hippocampal neurons. Survival of chick cortex neurons was supported by eight of nine CSF samples. In the 11 patients from whom consecutive CSF samples were available, NTF activity assayed in rat hippocampal cultures tended to decrease during the first several days after CNS injury. In CSF collected from three patients by lumbar puncture for diagnosis of "nontraumatic" conditions, no NTFs were detectable. NTFs supporting hippocampal neurons were also detected in extracts of blood clot obtained from normal volunteers. Neuronotrophic activity in the CSF was heat sensitive, nondialyzable, and macromolecular, suggesting its association with a protein(s). These observations suggested that (i) NTFs are detectable in human CSF after CNS injury, (ii) NTFs appear in response to the injury itself, and (iii) at least some human NTFs can support the survival in culture of nonhuman CNS neurons.
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 2019
BackgroundCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be collected into ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or plain tubes. The EDTA content presumably contributes to a better cell preservation. EDTA, however, is reported to cause a false elevation in the total protein concentration and to dilute the CSF sample, thereby affecting the diagnostic interpretation. To the authors’ knowledge, no validated studies support this view. The aim of this study was therefore to determine if the choice of tube (EDTA or plain) influences the results of the standard CSF analysis.ResultsThirty-two paired EDTA stabilised and plain CSF samples were included. There was no statistically significant difference in the semi-quantitative protein concentrations when comparing CSF samples from EDTA and plain plastic tubes (P > 0.99). The total nucleated cell count did not differ significantly between EDTA and plain tube samples (P = 0.85). There were no significant differences in the differential cell counts between the two tubes when evaluating polymorphonuclear cells (P = 0.90), lymphocytes (P = 0.84) and monocytes/macrophages (P = 0.86). Also, there was no significant difference in the preservation of cell morphology when evaluating cytological preparations from EDTA stabilised and plain tube samples (P = 0.45).ConclusionsThe collection of CSF into EDTA tubes does not influence the result of the standard CSF analysis. However, a presumed positive effect of EDTA on cell preservation could not be shown in the present study.
Effect of intraperitoneal administration of sterile human cerebrospinal fluid in rats
Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie, 2013
INTRODUCTION Distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure can be attributed to unabsorbed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from peritoneum. The objective of the experiment was to determine peritoneal reaction in rats after intraperitoneal administration of human CSF and evolution of local inflammatory response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were used divided into four groups: three groups in which intraperitoneal injection of 3 mL, 2 mL and 0.5 mL of sterile human CSF was done and a control group. After sacrificing the animals, at 24, 48 or 72 hours, macro- and microscopic examination of the peritoneal cavity and peritoneal fluid analysis were performed. The experiment was done in compliance with legislation regarding animal research. RESULTS Administration of high dose CSF (3 mL) led to death of all specimens. The dose of 0.5 mL of sterile CSF intraperitoneally administered was compatible with survival. Peritoneal response varied from necrotic-purulent reaction, with maximum intensity in...
Spinal Fluid Collection Technique from the Atlanto-occipital Space in Pigs
Acta Veterinaria Brno, 2009
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis has an important role in the diagnosis of neurologic diseases. A technique for collecting CSF from the atlanto-occipital space in 20 pigs (body mass 150-160 kg) is described and the CSF values are reported. CSF was relatively easily collected from the cerebellomedullary space in all animals. The protein concentration and total cell count of CFS samples ranged from 20 to 32 mg/dl and from 2 to 15 cells/μl, respectively. Mononuclear cells were the predominant cellular type; a variable proportion of two different cell populations (monocytoid cells and lymphocytes) was observed.
Neuro endocrinology letters
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a treatable neurological syndrome developing in the elderly. It is characterized by balance impairment, urinary incontinence and dementia development caused by disorders in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. The diagnosis can be easily mistaken for other neurodegenerative diseases, which are often accompanied by inflammation and the production of cytokines. The aim of our study was to determine and compare selected CSF and plasma cytokines with respect to their informative value for laboratory diagnostics of NPH. The levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, INF-γ, sCD40L and TNF-α were measured in the CSF and plasma in age-matched subjects with NPH (n=20) and controls (n=20) by multiplex assay. CSF IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly increased on the 1st day of lumbar drainage in NPH (p<0.01). No significant changes were observed in the plasma. The CSF cytokines were one to th...
Anatomy and physiology of the cerebrospinal fluid system
Cambridge University Press eBooks, 2014
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is contained in the brain ventricles and the cranial and spinal subarachnoid spaces. The mean CSF volume is 150 ml, with 25 ml in the ventricles and 125 ml in subarachnoid spaces. CSF is predominantly, but not exclusively, secreted by the choroid plexuses. Brain interstitial fluid, ependyma and capillaries may also play a poorly defined role in CSF secretion. CSF circulation from sites of secretion to sites of absorption largely depends on the arterial pulse wave. Additional factors such as respiratory waves, the subject's posture, jugular venous pressure and physical effort also modulate CSF flow dynamics and pressure. Cranial and spinal arachnoid villi have been considered for a long time to be the predominant sites of CSF absorption into the venous outflow system. Experimental data suggest that cranial and spinal nerve sheaths, the cribriform plate and the adventitia of cerebral arteries constitute substantial pathways of CSF drainage into the lymphatic outflow system. CSF is renewed about four times every 24 hours. Reduction of the CSF turnover rate during ageing leads to accumulation of catabolites in the brain and CSF that are also observed in certain neurodegenerative diseases. The CSF space is a dynamic pressure system. CSF pressure determines intracranial pressure with physiological values ranging between 3 and 4 mmHg before the age of one year, and between 10 and 15 mmHg in adults. Apart from its function of hydromechanical protection of the central nervous system, CSF also plays a prominent role in brain development and regulation of brain interstitial fluid homeostasis, which influences neuronal functioning.