Production and characterisation of glass ceramic foams from recycled raw materials (original) (raw)
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Production of high-quality glass foam from soda lime glass waste using SiC-AlN foaming agent
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
This research presents the possibility of producing durable foam glasses from glass cullet using SiC/AlN foaming agent. The foaming agent generated by the SiC and AlN couple results in a more homogeneous microstructure and thus the emergence of foam glasses with better properties compared to the nitride foaming agent used alone in our previous work. The fabricated foam had a crack-free, 3-D cellular structure with macropores whose geometries varied between elliptical-, pentagonal-, and hexagonal-shaped constructions. It also had a lightweight (≥ 0.18 g/cm3), high cold crushing strength (≤ 4.5 MPa), low thermal conductivity (0.09–0.16 W/m K), and contained more than ~ 89 vol.% gas bubbles enclosed between 11 vol.% impervious glass walls. The properties accomplished by the foam prepared in this work conform with the requirements of international standard for commercial glass foams, demonstrating its strong capability to be utilized in potential applications in sustainable buildings an...
Synthesis of impermeable cellular glass foam from soda lime glass waste using SiC foaming agent
International Journal of Materials Technology and Innovation
This research presents the possibility of producing durable foam glasses from soda-lime glass waste using SiC foaming agent via viscous flow sintering at 900 ℃. The use of SiC instead of the nitride foaming agent applied in a previous work results in a more homogeneous microstructure and thus the emergence of foamed glass with better mechanical properties. The fabricated foam had a crack-free, 3-D cellular structure with closed pores of various geometries. It also had a lightweight (~ 0.233 g/cm 3), high cold crushing strength (CCS) (3.37 MPa), low thermal conductivity (0.105 W/m-K), and contained more than ~ 92.7 vol.% gas bubbles enclosed between 7.3 vol.% impervious glass walls. The properties accomplished by the glass foam prepared in this work conform with the requirements of the international standard for commercial glass foams, demonstrating its strong capability to be utilized in potential applications in sustainable buildings and energy efficiency in the industry.
Comparative Analysis of the Own Experimental Techniques of Producing the Foamed Glass-Ceramic
Journal of Engineering Studies and Research, 2017
The paper presents experimental results obtained by a team of researchers from the company Daily Sourcing & Research SRL Bucharest in the field of producing the foamed glass-ceramic from waste bottle glass, coal ash and silicon carbide as foaming agent. The originality of the experiments consists in the use of electricity or microwave energy, unlike all techniques known worldwide consumers of fossil fuel. The product, obtained with low energy consumptions and very low pollutants emissions, has physical and mechanical characteristics of an insulating material, i.e. high porosity, low thermal conductivity and an adequate compressive strength
Production and Characterisation of Ceramic Foams from Industrial Solid Waste
This work has as objective to produce and to characterize ceramic foams from glass bottles, sludge from sewage treatment station and graphite (0-10 wt%) as a foaming agent. Different compositions were formulated and prepared to obtain materials with controlled porosity for applications where thermal insulation is the main requirement. The raw materials of the prepared compositions were mixed and uniaxially pressed at 40 MPa. Subsequently, the prepared samples were dried and fired at different temperatures (800-950 ºC) for 30 minutes, respectively. The raw materials and obtained ceramic foams were characterized in terms of their chemical, morphological, thermal and mechanical properties. The results showed that it is possible to produce ceramic foams for thermal insulation with optimized compositions containing 90 vol% glass and 10 vol% sludge with addition of 10 wt% graphite. The ceramic foams showed porosities between 40 and 70 %, thermal conductivity from 0.101 to 0.175 W/mK and c...
Preparation and characterization of high compressive strength foams from sheet glass
Journal of Porous Materials, 2006
High compressive strength glass foams were produced using sheet glass cullet with the aid of 1 wt.% SiC powder, as gassing agent, and the incorporation of small amounts of an alkali earth aluminosilicate glass powder (AD), which is intrinsically prone to be crystallised to anorthite and diopside. The amount of SiC used as well as the mean particle sizes of the powders of both glasses and SiC were lower than those used in earlier studies. The experimental results showed that homogenous microstructures of large pores could be obtained by adding 1 wt.% SiC. The compressive strength of the glass foams was considerably increased when the incorporated AD-glass was higher than 1 wt.%. It is concluded that the presence of the AD glass is beneficial for the produced glass foams because of the formation of a well packed honeycomb structure which features an optimal distribution of pentagonal-and hexagonal-like shaped pores surrounded by dense struts. The crystallization of wollastonite and diopside inside the struts should also have a positive impact on the mechanical behaviour of the produced porous glass foams.
Influence Of Milled Waste Glass To Clay Ceramic Foam Properties Made By Direct Foaming Route
2016
The goal of this work is to develop sustainable and durable ceramic cellular structures using widely available natural resources- clay and milled waste glass. Present paper describes method of obtaining clay ceramic foam (CCF) with addition of milled waste glass in 5, 7 and 10 wt% by direct foaming with high speed mixer-disperser (HSMD). For more efficient clay and waste glass milling and mixing, the high velocity disintegrator was used. The CCF with 5, 7, and 10 wt% were obtained at 900, 950, 1000 and 1050 °C firing temperature and they have demonstrated mechanical compressive strength for all 12 samples ranging from 3.8 to 14.3 MPa and porosity 76-65%. Obtained CCF has compressive strength 14.3 MPa and porosity 65.3%.
International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 2020
Considering the size of the amount of energy consumption in ovens during the production of gas ceramic foam materials in the ceramic industry, it can be stated that natural gas is one of the highest energy resources. Natural gas consumption during the production has been evaluated and financial analyses were made for saving consumption amounts. Raw materials and glass/frit wastes obtained from different regions were investigated and their chemical compositions were determined by X-Rays fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) analysis. Compared to their current alternatives, glass foams with homogenous structure and low density were developed by adding frit/ glass wastes in the amount of 80%-90%. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis has been conducted for mineralogical investigation of the samples. Also, to analyze the pore sizes and examine the surface morphology of foams, SEM images were obtained. With the addition of glass/frit wastes, natural gas consumption decreased (ca. 20%-25%) in firing process.
Materials, 2020
Ceramic foams were fabricated without using melting pots through the direct foaming of compacted powder mixtures of commercial quartz (SiO2) with fluxing agents (Na2CO3 and CaO) and a foaming agent (Na2SiO3·5H2O) at a relatively low temperature range (850−870 °C). The effects of the pressing pressure of the powders, the foaming time, foaming temperature, and mixture content were evaluated. The obtained cellular solid materials presented an acceptable volumetric expansion at a pressing pressure of 4 t. The materials only presented porosity at a minimum temperature of 850 °C and at a minimum time of 30 min. All the foamed samples showed an acceptable symmetric expansion and non-appreciable fissures. The study of the mixture content through the statistical software MODDE® shows that the porosity of the samples was principally affected by the Na2SiO3 content and the foaming temperature. The samples obtained at the optimum controlling factors proposed by this statistical software present...
Glass–ceramic foams from waste glass and natural red soil
Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society
In this study, waste glass obtained from a discarded green glass bottle and unexploited natural red soil (RS) were prepared to get glass–ceramic foams. Red soil is an earthy material, which is used as a foaming agent. A mixture of starting powders containing different mass fractions (5–16 wt.%) of RS with particle size smaller than 20 μm was uniaxially pressed (at 30 MPa), and the obtained compacts were fired at different temperatures (750–850 °C) and holding time (30–120 min). Furthermore, the influences of temperature, holding time, and natural rock additions on the structure, type, and size of pores, besides physical and mechanical properties of the processed foamed glass–ceramic samples, were investigated. The results show that the optimum foaming temperature was found to be 800 °C leading to a maximum value of porosity as high as 90%, while the bulk density and compressive strength reached the values 0.26–0.75 g·cm−3 and 1.2–6.1 MPa, respectively. Based on the present data, the...
Glass-Ceramic Foams from Borosilicate Glass Waste
International Journal of Applied Glass Science, 2014
In this study, we reported the studies on a glass-ceramic foam with wollastonite and cristobalite micrometric crystals prepared by sintering a borosilicate glass waste with organic binder as foaming agent. The waste glass, coming from the dismantling of washing machine, was characterized by high CaO content and low-temperature sinterability. The effect of the temperature on the sinter-crystallization ability of the borosilicate glass waste was followed with thermal analysis, heating microscopy, and electron scanning microscopy (ESEM) observations. Additionally, the effect of temperature on the evolution of crystalline phases and density variation was monitored with XRD and density measurements. The softening started at 800°C and crystallization at 845°C to be completed at 900°C with a linear expansion of 38-40% in the range 850-900°C. Wollastonite and cristobalite were identified as crystalline phases in variable proportions dependently upon temperature. No crack evidence was found at high ESEM magnification even though cristobalite crystals were present. The final products showed a total porosity around 78-79% and an apparent density of about 0.5 g/cm 3 , in line with common porous closed-cell glass foams used for thermal insulation.