Chromatographic methods for tetracycline analysis in foods (original) (raw)
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Overview on liquid chromatographic analysis of tetracycline residues in food matrices
Food Chemistry, 2011
Tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) are often used as feed additives for food-producing animals because of the wide Gram (+) and Gram (À) antibacterial spectrum, low toxicity profile and more importantly low cost. However, antibiotic residues in food, produced from those animals, might be high due to misuse of TCs. Depending on the level of antibiotic residues, a negative impact on human health might be expected. The risk for public health resulting from the use of these veterinary medications has always been a though question to answer for health authorities around the world. Therefore, it is very important to determine residues of TCs in food accurately with appropriate analytical methods that are optimised, validated and implementing new advanced techniques. In this paper, liquid chromatographic methods that are available for the determination of TC levels in foods and food products are reviewed.
Monitoring and risk assessment of tetracycline residues in foods of animal origin
Food Science and Biotechnology, 2019
A total of 450 samples consisting of red meat, poultry meat, aquatic product and raw milk were collected during winter 2016 and summer 2017. 22.2% (100/450) of collected meat and raw milk samples were found to be contaminated with antibiotic residues in the initial screening using Premi Ò test. According to the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results, the mean tetracyclines (TCs) concentration of meat samples determined as follows: chicken (155.41 lg/kg) [ turkey (138.68 lg/kg) [ quail (130.7 lg/kg) [ cow (108.92 lg/ kg) [ calf (105.18 lg/kg) [ goat (99.4 lg/kg) [ sheep (95.22 lg/kg) [ rainbow trout (35.62 lg/kg) [ shrimp (31.80 lg/kg). The content of TCs in cow, goat and sheep milk samples were found to be ranged 45.6-163.5 lg/L, 72.4-101.1 lg/L and 65.5-98.9 lg/L, respectively. 5.7% (26/450) of samples had TCs confirmed the ELISA results using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection, although the concentration of TCs residues in samples was higher than that of ELISA.
Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, 2016
The Commission Regulation 574/2011/EC set up maximum levels of coccidiostats and histomonostats in nonmedicated feed as a consequence of carry-over during manufacturing. Carry-over takes place from medicated to nonmedicated feed during feed production. Similar contamination could also occur for other pharmaceuticals such as tetracyclines, a group of antibiotics commonly employed in food production animal. The objective of this work is to present a simple and fast method for the simultaneous detection of four tetracyclines (chlortetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, and tetracycline) in nontarget feed at aμg/kg level. Validation of the method was performed according to the guideline included in the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC for official method. The validated method was successfully applied to 50 feed samples collected from different milk farms and 25 samples obtained from feed manufacturers. While oxytetracycline was the tetracycline most frequently detected, chlortetracy...
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007
A sensitive and specific method is described for the simultaneous determination of oxytetracycline, tetracycline (TC), and chlortetracycline residues in edible swine tissues, by combining liquid chromatography with spectrofluorometric and mass spectrometry detection. The procedure involved a preliminary extraction with EDTA-McIlvaine buffer acidified at pH 4.0, followed by solid-phase extraction cleanup using a polymeric sorbent. The liquid chromatography analysis was performed with spectrofluorometric detection after postcolumn derivatization with magnesium ions. The limits of quantification were 50 µg/kg for muscle and 100 µg/kg for kidney tissues. The recovery values were greater than 77.8% for muscle and 65.1% for kidney. The method has been successfully used for the quantification of tetracyclines in swine tissues samples. The selective liquid chromatography mass spectrometric analysis for confirmation of oxytetracycline in one positive swine muscle sample was made by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). The APCI mass spectra of the TCs gave the protonated molecular ion and two typical fragment ions, required for their confirmation in single ion monitoring scan mode in animal tissues.
Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2012), 11 (3): 781-787
Edible cattle tissues from local markets of Ardabil, Iran were examined for residues of tetracycline antibiotics (tetracycline, oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline). In total, 110 samples of triceps, gluteal muscle, diaphragm, kidney and liver were randomly obtained from the local markets of the city of Ardabil. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) and highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were used to extract and analyze tetracycline antibiotics (TC) residues, respectively. The mean amount of total TC residues in all samples tested was 226.3 ± 112.5 ng/g; the mean amount of the total TC residues in triceps, gluteal muscle, diaphragm, kidney and liver samples were 176.3 ± 46.8, 405.3 ± 219.6, 96.8 ± 26.9, 672.4 ± 192.0 and 651.3 ± 210.1 ng/g, respectively. Additionally, 25.8% of muscle samples, 31.8% of liver samples and 22.7% of kidney samples contained amounts of TC residues beyond the maximum residue limit (MRLs). To reduce the TC residues found in edible cattle tissues, regulatory authorities should ensure that cattle undergo the proper withdrawal period from TCs before slaughtering. Keywords: Tetracycline; Meat; Liver; Kidney; HPLC.
Analysis of Tetracyclines in Medicated Feed for Food Animal Production by HPLC-MS/MS
Antibiotics, 2015
The use of medicated feed is a common practice in animal food production to improve animal health. Tetracyclines and β-Lactams are the groups that are most frequently added to this type of feed. The measurement of the concentration of the analytes in these types of samples is sometimes due to the matrix characteristic, and manufacturers are demanding fast, precise and reproducible methods. A rapid confirmatory method based on a simple extraction protocol using acidified methanol and followed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer for the quantification of four tetracyclines in feed is presented. Validation was performed following the guidelines of Decision 2002/657/EC. Results indicated that the four tetracyclines can be identified and quantified in a concentration range between 50 and 500 mg/kg with recoveries between 84% and 109% and RSD for precision under reproducible conditions between 12% and 16%. Satisfactory results were also obtained with interlaboratory studies and by comparing the method with an HPLC-Fluorescent method.
Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2015
Four different types of Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) cartridges namely R-Biopharm (RB), Chromabond (CB), Isolute (IS) and Megabond (MB) were used in this study. Control and spiked samples of beef, chicken and shrimp were also used. Optical Density (OD) values of control and spiked samples were measured with the help of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) reader. Percent binding values for each SPE cartridges were calculated using OD values of respective control and spiked samples. Based on % binding values a comparative study of 4 different Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) cartridges was carried out. Analysis of variance indicated no significant differences among the % binding values considering different samples irrespective of SPE cartridges (P=0.821266, F = 0.201279) or different SPE cartridges irrespective of samples (P = 0.168119, F = 2.180932). From this study, it can be recommended that any of the four SPE cartridges available in the working area can be used for the analysis of tetracycline from foods of animal origin.
Talanta
Tetracyclines are widely used for both the treatment and prevention of diseases in animals as well as for the promotion of rapid animal growth and weight gain. This practice may result in trace amounts of these drugs in products of animal origin, such as milk and eggs, posing serious risks to human health. The presence of tetracycline residues in foods can lead to the transmission of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria through the food chain. In order to ensure food safety and avoid exposure to these substances, national and international regulatory agencies have established tolerance levels for authorized veterinary drugs, including tetracycline antimicrobials. In view of that, numerous sensitive and specific methods have been developed for the quantification of these compounds in different food matrices. One will note, however, that the determination of trace residues in foods such as milk and eggs often requires extensive sample extraction and preparation prior to conducting instrumental analysis. Sample pretreatment is usually the most complicated step in the analytical process and covers both cleaning and preconcentration. Optimal sample preparation can reduce analysis time and sources of error, enhance sensitivity, apart from enabling unequivocal identification, confirmation and quantification of target analytes. The development and implementation of more environmentally friendly analytical procedures, which involve the use of less hazardous solvents and smaller sample sizes compared to traditional methods, is a rapidly increasing trend in analytical chemistry. This review seeks to provide an updated overview of the main trends in sample preparation for the determination of tetracycline residues in foodstuffs. The applicability of several extraction and clean-up techniques employed in the analysis of foodstuffs, especially milk and egg samples, is also thoroughly discussed.