Impacts Assessment of Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles on Electric Utilities and Regional US Power Grids: Part 1: Technical Analysis (original) (raw)
Related papers
Impact assessment of plug-in hybrid vehicles on pacific northwest distribution systems
2008 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting - Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, 2008
The US electricity grid is a national infrastructure that has the potential to deliver significant amounts of the daily driving energy for the US light duty vehicle (cars, pickups, SUVs, and vans) fleet. This paper discusses a 2030 scenario with 37 million plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) on the road in the US demanding electricity for an average daily driving distance of about 33 miles (53 km). The paper addresses the potential electrical grid impacts of the PHEVs fleet relative to their effects on the production cost of electricity, and the emissions from the electricity sector. The results of this analysis indicate significant regional difference for the cost impacts and the CO 2 emissions. Battery charging during the day may have twice the cost impacts than charging during the night. The CO 2 emissions impacts are very region-dependent. In predominantly coal regions (Midwest), the new PHEV load may reduce the CO 2 emission intensity (ton CO 2 /MWh), while in others regions with significant clean generation (hydro and renewable energy), the CO 2 emission intensity may increase. These results may change with the valuation of carbon emissions because the carbon value may shift the generator dispatch toward cleaner fuels. Copyright Form of EVS25.
Emissions impacts of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle deployment on the U.S. western grid
Journal of Power Sources, 2010
The constantly evolving western grid of the United States is characterized by complex generation dispatch based on economics, contractual agreements, and regulations. The future electrification of transportation via plug-in electric vehicles calls for an energy and emissions analysis of electric vehicle (EV) penetration scenarios based on realistic resource dispatch. A resource dispatch and emissions model for the western grid is developed and a baseline case is modeled. Results are compared with recorded data to validate the model and provide confidence in the analysis of EV-grid interaction outlooks. A modeled dispatch approach, based on a correlation between actual historical dispatch and system load data, is exercised to show the impacts (emission intensity, temporally resolved load demand) associated with EV penetration on the western grid. The plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and selected charging scenarios are the focus for the analysis. The results reveal that (1) a correlation between system load and resource group capacity factor can be utilized in dispatch modeling, (2) the hourly emissions intensity of the grid depends upon PHEV fleet charge scenario, (3) emissions can be reduced for some species depending on the PHEV fleet charge scenario, and (4) the hourly model resolution of changes in grid emissions intensity can be used to decide on preferred fleet-wide charge profiles.
Aggregated Impact of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles on Electricity Demand Profile
Greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution in urban areas, and dependence on fossil fuels are among the challenges threatening the sustainable development of the transportation sector. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technology is one of the most promising solutions to tackle the situation. While PHEVs partially rely on electricity from the power grid, they raise concerns about their negative impacts on power generation, transmission, and distribution installations. On the other hand, they have the potential to be used as a distributed energy storage system for the grid. Therefore, they can pave the way for a more sustainable power grid in which renewable resources are widely employed. Positive and negative impacts of PHEVs on the power grid cannot be thoroughly examined unless extensive data on the utilization of each individual PHEV are available. For instance, in order to estimate the aggregated impact of PHEVs on the electricity demand profile, one needs to know i) when each PHEV would begin its charging process, ii) how much electrical energy it would require, and iii) how much power would be needed. This paper extracts and analyses the data that are available through national household travel surveys (NHTS). Three charging scenarios are considered in order to obtain various PHEV charging load profiles (PCLP).
Impact of PHEVs Penetration on Ontario’s Electricity Grid and Environmental Considerations
Energies, 2012
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have a large potential to reduce greenhouse gases emissions and increase fuel economy and fuel flexibility. PHEVs are propelled by the energy from both gasoline and electric power sources. Penetration of PHEVs into the automobile market affects the electrical grid through an increase in electricity demand. This paper studies effects of the wide spread adoption of PHEVs on peak and base load demands in Ontario, Canada. Long-term forecasting models of peak and base load demands and the number of light-duty vehicles sold were developed. To create proper forecasting models, both linear regression (LR) and non-linear regression (NLR) techniques were employed, considering different ranges in the demographic, climate and economic variables. The results from the LR and NLR models were compared and the most accurate one was selected. Furthermore, forecasting the effects of PHEVs penetration is done through consideration of various scenarios of penetration levels, such as mild, normal and aggressive ones. Finally, the additional electricity demand on the Ontario electricity grid from charging PHEVs is incorporated for electricity production planning purposes.
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2011
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are a transportation technology on the cusp of introduction that has the potential to couple the transportation and electricity energy systems. A multiparadigm model of the electricity and transportation systems of Alexandria, Virginia has been developed in order to examine the effects of PHEV introduction. This model combines detailed subsector models of the transportation, household electricity demand, and electricity supply sectors. The effects of PHEV adoption on the electricity supply sector have been explored through an examination of the changes in both total electricity usage and peak electricity demand that could be expected. Additionally, the differences in emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, and sulfur dioxide between conventional vehicles and PHEVs charged under varying electricity supply mixtures has been quantified. The results indicate that the charging pattern of the vehicles used can significantly alter the effects on the system as a whole.
Evaluating the Synergies of Renewable Generation and PHEVs
2011
Emerging technologies in the electric generation sector, such as wind and solar power, and in the transportation sector, such as plug-in electric hybrids (PHEVs), have the potential to change the way power systems are designed and operated. However, little work has been done to examine the benefits and synergies that arise from deploying these technologies together on a large scale. The work in this paper is based on the Western Wind and Solar Integration Study (WWSIS), which examined the operating impact of large amounts of wind and solar energy in the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC). Averaged across WECC, wind and solar totaled up to 27% energy penetration. The potential annual load increase due to PHEVs was added to the model, simulating a conversion of 15% of all light-duty vehicles and 3% of the heavy-duty fleet. This load increase in the WECC footprint raises both the operational cost and emissions of the power system. However, the savings in fuel and reduction in tailpipe emissions outweigh the negative effects from the power sector. This paper examines and quantifies the changes in operational conditions, as well as emissions and operational cost, when large amounts of renewables and PHEVs are simultaneously deployed.