Demography and Migration - from the past to the future (original) (raw)
Central + East European Politics 5E (Rowman + Littlefield), 2021
This is a chapter on contemporary issues of demography and migration in East and Central Europe. It examines the sociological, political, and economic significance of demographic and migration trends in the region.
“The implications of migration phenomenon in Romania” (Cristian, E.R., Pădureţu E.))
In this paperwork we intend to analyze the connection between the behavior patterns of Romanian immigrants, as well as their impact; at the same time, we will try to analyze the way that these patterns are connected to the implications of the migrations phenomenon. Yet, the most frequent question is: after all, what makes the Romanians leave their country? And why our fellow citizens are treated rather differently abroad? Could it be the image that Romania created after 1990? Or is it just a xenophobic attack aimed at a small minority in our country, rrom people ?
Hungarian international migrations in the Carpathian Basin, 2011-2017
Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy
International migration into Hungary is markedly differentiated into two types: that due to global migration, and that due to processes ongoing between Hungary and its neighboring countries, the latter which date back a long time. The main characteristic of international migration in Hungary is that the largest part of the immigrant population is of Hungarian nationality. Population movements in the late 1980s and early 1990s made it clear that the demographic processes taking place in the Hungarian linguistic communitydespite the fragmentation occurring in 1918, and nearly 100 years of differentiated development-can only be fully understood if we examine them together as a single process. It is important to recognize that demographic processes within and outside of the current border are similar in nature. All that is happening in Hungary is only one part of the demographic processes of the entire Hungarian language community. The migration processes described in the paper would have a significant impact on the ethnic spatial structure of the Hungarians in the Carpathian Basin were the number of members of other ethnicities not similarly decreasing. Strengthening the number of people staying in their home country and increasing the number of return migrations and the fertility rate of local Hungarians could all be partial solutions to the problem of population decline.
ROMANIA - Migration and demographic patterns in Central-Eastern Europe
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2023
This report is a part of deliverable "D.6.2. Report on migration and demographic patterns in the EU CEE countries and potential source countries" from the project FUME -Future Migration Scenarios for Europe (870649), financed with the Horizon 2020 programme. In particular, this country report focuses on critical analysis of migration data from Romania, and in particular -immigration data. The analysis consists of an overview of stock and flow data on migrants including such dimensions as age groups, gender, country of origin and length of residence. This report is a first step in analytical exercise which aims to determine migration potential from and to Romania and furthermore, to provide necessary data input for fine-tuning of FUME migration projection model. Romania has been among the largest emigration countries in southeastern Europe for the last couple of decades. Socio-economic and political transformation brought many challenges and led to a number of waves of Romanian emigrants who settled mainly in Western and Southern Europe, but also in the United States and Canada. Recent migration patterns were largely determined by the process of European integration which brought new mobility and work opportunities. According to recent official statistics, the number of emigrants since 2011 has been higher than immigrants, and is relatively stable. On the other hand, immigration to Romania is still not significant, although it is on the increase in the last couple of years. Among new trends in immigrations is the arrival of Asian workers, mainly from China or Vietnam, which is a response to a lack of workforce in Romania. This report presents the historical framework of migration transformation, diaspora dynamics and major national groups of immigrants and their demographic structure. It also provides critical analysis of the validity of the main statistical data sources, and draws some conclusions on migration patterns and trends in Romania. 2 The countries which immediately -in 2007 -allowed access to their labour markets for Romanian migrants -were the countries which joined the EU in 2004 (except from Malta and Hungary) together with Sweden and Finland. Then, in 2009, Denmark, Greece, Hungary and Portugal lifted their restrictions, whereas in 2012 Ireland and Italy. The final liberalization and the granting of full rights on the European labour markets took place in 2013 with the end of a transition period (cf. Dąbrowski, 2014).. 3 After the First World War, the so-called Greater Romanian encompassed lands which had been annexed to Romania, i.e., Bessarabia, Transylvania, the Banat and Bukovina. Consequently, Romanian identity and culture was promoted among various ethnic groups.
Romanian citizens in Hungary according to 2011 Population Census data
Forum geografic, 2015
From the second half of the '90s Hungary -like many other Central European countries -has become a host country of migrants thanks to its economic catching-up and the European integration. Resident population of Hungary has been steadily decreased since the early '80s. Part of the declining domestic population has been replaced by foreign citizens, bringing with them their customs and different demographic composition. Thus, in addition to its direct population replacement role, migration has economic, social, demographic effects for Hungary. Since the regional distribution of foreign citizens is significantly different from that of Hungarian population the impacts of national scope are significantly outweighed by their influence that is perceptible in the areas preferred by them. Most migrants come from Romania to Hungary, so the aim of this article isusing the data the 2011 censusto demonstrate what Romanian migration groups can be observed in Hungary. The paper addresses in detail the exploration of source areas of Romanian citizens at regional and settlement levels, as well as the analysis of the connections between the present dwellings and those of emigration. Migration is an interdisciplinary phenomenon that mainly affects the field of demography, statistics, geography, law, economics, history, labour science, psychology, and political science. Consequently, interpretation and definition thereof emphasize various aspects. According to the Demographic Yearbook of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH, 2008) international migration means the permanent abandonment of the country of original (usual) residence with the intent of establishing a residence in another country with the aim of establishment, stay, or performing gainful activity. As the motivation of migration is constantly changing, the definitions for the establishment or merely gainful activity have been expanded with the concepts of migration for learning purposes (Rédei M., 2007), as well as the elderly migration (motivation may include the better use of pensions' purchasing power, the recreational opportunities, or search for more favourable climate) (Illés S, 2008). Motivations concerning family reunifications are also emphasized, they mean one of the main reception channels of international migration.
The Evolution of the Main Demographic Phenomena in Romania
2008
The trends of the main demographic phenomena provide useful information about the future evolution of the number and age structure of Romania’s population. The mutations in the social-economic structure of the country have led to a dynamic territorial mobility of the population; at the same time, they have direct consequences upon the socio-demographic structure of the population. In the past years, demographic migration has become a common fact. The young and mature population migrates from the rural to the urban environment, motivated by the living and working conditions in the urban centers. Consequently, the remaining rural inhabitants are mostly old-aged. The aging of the rural population is also caused by a series of demographic and social-economic factors. The economic effects of the demographic evolution will be seen in time and will bring about changes in the various subpopulations (school children, fertile population, inhabitants able to work).
Contemporary migration and population situation in Poland on the background of the European Union
Przegląd europejski
We are currently observing significant changes in the world’s population. Until World War II, we could see a constant increase in population in various parts of the world. Currently, in the selected countries of the eastern part of the EU, the population is decreasing, e.g. in Poland or Romania. Demographic indicators (fertility rate, mortality rate, migration rate) are affected by economic and social conditions. Various en masse pro-natalist policies are ineffective. EU societies are focused on expectations other than parenthood. These changes will require new actions by state authorities in the area of demography.
The purpose of the study is to analyse the conditions, scale, significance and future development of forced migration in Eastern Europe after 2020 as well as the characteristics of the phenomenon and its significance from the perspective of the Central-Eastern Europe region and in supra-regional terms. The key conditions, geography, scale and future development of the phenomenon analysed in the course of the research are discussed. The migrations forced by the persecution of the Belarusian opposition by the Lukashenko regime and the migrations related to the transfer of people from the Middle East and Africa through the Polish-Belarusian, Belarusian-Lithuanian and Belarusian-Latvian borders are shown. The forced migration from Russia after the aggression against Ukraine and the so-called “partial” mobilization as well as the migrations within and out of Ukraine caused by the Russian aggression are characterized.