Tatiana Pignatale, Ilenia Tramentozzi- Anonymous heritage, Integration of technology and visitors' active involvement as a revaluation method of cultural assets (original) (raw)
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2014
History" has allowed that ruins from past epochs characterized the contemporary landscape over the following centuries. But when did they begin setting up an "archaeological site" within this environments? This contribute provides, through the analysis of some emblematic cases, an historical reading of the main events that have contributed to the modern concepts of "archaeological park" and "archaeological site", summarized below, and to the difficult relationship among their surroundings. Starting from 1700 the monuments of antiquity became a "material witness" and not only a model of inspiration: this was the end of the practice of re-using ancient architecture as building materials. Meanwhile, scientific archaeological research replaced the clandestine excavations, providing finds to be exhibited in new museums. The exceptional discovery of Herculaneum and Pompeii gave a new role to the architectural remains: they became materials to be restored, preserved and exhibited, also towards a non-specialist audience, in a kind of "open-air" museum with didactic purposes. Since 1800 archaeological excavations were focused on urban areas, at first in sparsely built-up areas, later in central zones. In Rome with this cultural climate, it began to feel the need of designing a route among ruins and, at the same time, reconnecting the "big central archaeological area" with the historical city. However, during the same years, the practice of "isolating monuments" also began, denying the relationship with the surrounding environment. This practice remains in use during the first half of '900: it determined a deep fracture (still unresolved) between the modern town and new and old excavated area. Lately, a new cultural use of the ruins and the protection of them together with their context determined the birth of the legal instrument of the archaeological park, a new concept of protection that allows you to combine all the modern instances of restoration and museology.
History" has allowed that ruins from past epochs characterized the contemporary landscape over the following centuries. But when did they begin setting up an "archaeological site" within this environments? This contribute provides, through the analysis of some emblematic cases, an historical reading of the main events that have contributed to the modern concepts of "archaeological park" and "archaeological site", summarized below, and to the difficult relationship among their surroundings. Starting from 1700 the monuments of antiquity became a "material witness" and not only a model of inspiration: this was the end of the practice of re-using ancient architecture as building materials. Meanwhile, scientific archaeological research replaced the clandestine excavations, providing finds to be exhibited in new museums. The exceptional discovery of Herculaneum and Pompeii gave a new role to the architectural remains: they became materials to be restored, preserved and exhibited, also towards a non-specialist audience, in a kind of "open-air" museum with didactic purposes. Since 1800 archaeological excavations were focused on urban areas, at first in sparsely built-up areas, later in central zones. In Rome with this cultural climate, it began to feel the need of designing a route among ruins and, at the same time, reconnecting the "big central archaeological area" with the historical city. However, during the same years, the practice of "isolating monuments" also began, denying the relationship with the surrounding environment. This practice remains in use during the first half of '900: it determined a deep fracture (still unresolved) between the modern town and new and old excavated area. Lately, a new cultural use of the ruins and the protection of them together with their context determined the birth of the legal instrument of the archaeological park, a new concept of protection that allows you to combine all the modern instances of restoration and museology.
This paper analyzes measures aimed at the conservation and enhancement of archaeological finds and focuses on the those undertaken by the Administration and by the local Superintendence of the Marche region, which represents an interesting case study for the richness and diffusion of sites. The Region, supported by laws, has recently outlined the framework of the local archaeological system, consisting of parks, sites or specific structures, defining priorities and procedures for an intervention plan. Among them, the implementation of the Carta Archeologica delle Marche (CAM), conceived as an operative tool for data collection and for their integration with different planning means. In case of excavations within the regional archaeological parks, protection techniques are usually based on two types of approaches: temporary structures, built during excavation works, that finally become permanent; stable structures, designed for the musealization of the archeological area, whose forma...
The ancient city of Norba is situated in the Lazio region, approximately 500 m above sea level on a plain in the Lepine Mountains in the dominion of the Pontine Plain. It was already mentioned by the historian Titus Livius in the 5th century B.C., when a colony was sent there “quae arx in Pomptino esset”, the life of the city did not last long: Norba, during the Sulla wars, after having taken sides with Mario, was taken by enemy troops and its inhabitants preferred to commit suicide and to set fire to the city rather than surrender. This took place in 81 B.C. and the city has remained petrified since then, frozen in its urban structure without any subsequent stratifications and for this very reason, scholars consider it is so unique and extraordinary. Norba was studied at the beginning of the 20th century, from 2005 to today, excavation activities have been carried out on this site by a team of researchers from the Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, which has brought to light twelve houses as well as a few streets. The contribution made here focuses on the interventions and the techniques implemented to conserve the excavated structures: in Norba, not having adopted the roofing system, we had to deal mainly with the problem of the conservation of the floors and the walls as well as the inclusion of the areas visited by tourists. The floors in the houses were renovated and subsequently covered with volcanic red stone chippings in the closed rooms while the open areas were covered with pink Carrara marble, so that they could be protected from the weather and, at the same time, they could illustrate the planimetry of the house. The walls consisting of a stone plinth with a stone upright support were strengthened with Scots pine poles while, wooden formwork was installed where there were “earthen walls” which gave the idea of the encumbrance of the walls and, where there were no doors, open gates were created so as not to hinder the view. The same choices were made also for the streets, the misplaced stone blocks were re-positioned and those which were missing have been filled in with white grave.
Archäologischen Informationen, 2023
The Parco Archeologico dell’Appia Antica is an autonomous institute of the Italian Ministry of Culture, providing protection and enhancement of a vast territory that extends from the city center to the Roman countryside, in which archeology and landscape come together in an outstanding context. Following the COVID 19 pandemic, which caused a long period of difficulty, a new season of opportunities for scientific knowledge, conservation, and enhancement of the Parco Archeologico archaeological sites begins today. In the following years, the Parco will undertake a complex series of interventions that will include investigating new archeological sites, scientific research, restoration as part of a general project called “Urbs. From the city to the Roman Campagna”. The works will be implemented with funding from the National Plan for Complementary Investments to the NRRP between 2022 and 2026. The interventions will cover all the archaeological and monumental areas owned by the State in the Parco territory, located along the two main ancient roads of the region: the Via Appia and the Via Latina. This presentation aims to emphasize the contribution of archaeological sciences to a complex system of interventions and projects aimed at increasing the public’s enjoyment of an archaeological context that is unique in the world.