Anticoccidial activity of herbal complex in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria tenella (original) (raw)
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Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 2014
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2019
Research was conducted to evaluate the in-vivo anticoccidial activity of crude leaf powder of Azadirachta indicia against Eimeria tenella, the cause of cecal coccidiosis that inflicts heavy economic loss to poultry industry all over the world. A total of 120 broiler chicks were infected via the oropharyngeal route with viable sporulated oocysts of the parasite and allotted to four groups designated 1-4 and each group replicated three times with 10 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Groups 1 and 2 were fed with diet containing 100 and 50 g leaf powder of the evaluated material per kg of feed, respectively. Group 3 was treated with 0.3 g (preventive dose) of Amprolium® per liter of drinking water, while group 4 was left without treatment. The test substance given, especially at the rate of 100 g, demonstrated efficacy in decreasing oocysts shedding, minimizing diarrhea , alleviating cecal damage, and lowering morbidity caused by the parasite but less than the conventional drug. However, its effect in reducing blood loss and mortality was almost similar that of the standard drug (p ≤ 0.05). Although the test material had slight negative effect on feed consumption and weight gain, it can still be used for prophylactic control of coccidiosis, especially when there is Eimerial resistance to conventional anticoc-cidial drugs or where they are not available or not affordable. ARTICLE INFO
Effect of a mixture of herbal extracts on broiler chickens infected with Eimeria tenella
The effect of dietary supplementation with Apacox (Apa-CT, s.r.l. Italy), a commercial preparation of herbal extracts, on the performance of broiler chickens experimentally infected with 6 × 10 4 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella at 14 days of age, was evaluated. A total of 150 dayold Cobb-500 chicks separated into 5 equal groups with three replicates each, were used. Two of the groups, one challenged with E. tenella oocysts and the other not, were given a basal diet and served as controls. The remaining groups that were also challenged with E. tenella were administered a basal diet supplemented with Apacox at levels of 0.5 or 1.0 g·kg -1 or the anticoccidial lasalocid at 75 mg·kg -1 . Throughout the experimental period from day 1 to day 35, performance parameters including body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality, caecal lesion score, bloody diarrhoea and oocyst output were recorded. Dietary supplementation with Apacox attained higher body weight gain and lower feed conversion ratio values than the non-supplemented challenged control group. The lasalocid and the non-challenged control groups exhibited body weight gain and feed conversion ratio values that did not significantly differ from each other, and were better than in the Apacox groups. Bloody diarrhoea was observed in all challenged groups except for the Apacox group at the dose of 1.0 g·kg -1 diet, where it was milder and the lasalocid group where it was very weak. The mortality in the challenged control group was 23.4% whereas in the Apacox group at the dose of 1.0 g·kg -1 , 13.4%. The caecal lesion scores of the Apacox groups were not significantly different from that of the challenged control group. The numbers of oocysts per bird in the Apacox groups were lower than that in the challenged control group but higher than that in the lasalocid group. These results indicate that Apacox exerted a coccidiostatic effect against E. tenella. This effect was, however, significantly lower than that exhibited by lasalocid.
Anticoccidial Effect of Herbal Powder “Shi Ying Zi” in Chickens Infected with Eimeria tenella
Animals, 2020
Coccidiosis is one of the most economically important diseases affecting the poultry industry. Currently, anticoccidial drugs used in veterinary clinics show many deficiencies, and new control measures are urgently needed. This study presents an anticoccidial herbal powder “Shi Yin Zi”, which consists of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss, Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz., and sodium chloride. In chickens infected with Eimeria tenella, supplementation with “Shi Yin Zi” powder for 3 d prior to infection or treatment with “Shi Yin Zi” powder after infection could improve the survival rate and relative growth rate and alleviate the pathological changes in the cecum, liver, and kidney. “Shi Yin Zi” powder could recover the levels of alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, albumin, and triglycerides in serum. The hemorrhage occurrence and total number of oocysts in feces were reduced. The anti-coccidial indexes reached 165 for the prophylactic effect and 144 for the therapeutic effect. The anti-co...
Journal of Current Veterinary Research
Cecalcoccidiosis is a significant parasitic disease that affects poultry farms and is caused by Eimeria tenella. This study evaluated the anticoccidial efficacy of oregano oil and allicin against Eimeria tenella in experimentally infected broiler chickens. One hundred and twenty-one-day-old chicks were divided into six groups (20 chicks in each group): G1, non-infected non-treated (control negative group); G2, the infected non-treated (control positive group); G3was treated with amprolium; G4was treated with oregano oil, G5 was treated with allicin, andG6was treated with a mixed dose of oregano oil andallicin. All groups were challenged with 10 4 Eimeria tenella sporulated oocysts at the 5 th day old except the first group (G1). Body weight (B.W), food conversion rate (FCR), oocyst count, hematology, serum biochemical parameters, and histopathology were assessed throughout the experiment in all groups. Oregano oil and allicin significantly improved B.W., FCR, lesion score, and oocyst count. Additionally, histopathology showed that the oregano oil and allicin successfully treated the cecum thoroughly; the cecum was average in its histology with the absence of E. tenella developmental stages. In conclusion, this study proved that oregano oil and allicin have a protective and curative effect as anti-coccidial drugs of plant origin on E. tenella-infected chickens. Furthermore, the mixture of the two chemicals is a promising treatment for E. tenella infection in broiler chickens.
Tropical Animal Health and Production
The effect of the dietary supplements; sugarcane molasses (prebiotic), Antox ® (probiotic) and En orax ® (synbiotic) on gut health, performance and severity of infection with Eimeria tenella in broiler chickens were evaluated in this study. Ninety (90) day-old broiler chicks were divided into six groups (A, B, C, D, E and F). Groups B to F were challenged with Eimeria tenella (2.0 × 10 4 oocysts/chick). Groups C, D and E were supplemented from day old with prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic respectively, while F was administered amprolium. Groups A and B served as negative and positive controls respectively. Feed intake and performance parameters were assessed weekly for each group. After infection clinical signs, morbidity and mortality rates were monitored alongside oocysts output, gross and microscopic caecal lesions. Infected chickens exhibited clinical signs 4 days post infection (dpi) with 100% morbidity in all infected groups. Infected groups showed signi cant (P<0.05) drop in feed intake and weight gain from 3-5 weeks of age. Feed conversion ratio was highest in B but lower in the supplemented groups. Oocysts output in faeces were signi cantly lower (P<0.05) in the supplemented groups compared with B. Macroscopic lesion scores 7 dpi were signi cantly lower in the supplemented groups compared with B, though Group F had the lowest mean score. Histopathological examination of caeca tissues showed milder lesions in the supplemented groups. In conclusion, the supplements prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic ameliorated the consequences of caecal coccidiosis in broiler chickens and therefore recommended for use in broiler production.
2021
The effect of the dietary supplements; sugarcane molasses (prebiotic), Antox® (probiotic) and Enflorax® (synbiotic) on gut health, performance and severity of infection with Eimeria tenella in broiler chickens were evaluated in this study. Ninety (90) day-old broiler chicks were divided into six groups (A, B, C, D, E and F). Groups B to F were challenged with Eimeria tenella (2.0 × 104 oocysts/chick). Groups C, D and E were supplemented from day old with prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic respectively, while F was administered amprolium. Groups A and B served as negative and positive controls respectively. Feed intake and performance parameters were assessed weekly for each group. After infection clinical signs, morbidity and mortality rates were monitored alongside oocysts output, gross and microscopic caecal lesions. Infected chickens exhibited clinical signs 4 days post infection (dpi) with 100% morbidity in all infected groups. Infected groups showed significant (P<0.05) drop...
Anticoccidial activity of hydrochloric acid (HCl) against Eimeria tenella in broiler chickens
Abbas R.Z., Manzoor Z., Munawar S.H., Iqbal Z., Khan M.N., Saleemi M.K., Zia M.A. & Yousaf A. 2011. Anticoccidial activity of hydrochloric acid (HCl) against Eimeria tenella in broiler chickens. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31 : [425][426][427][428][429]. The present study was planned to evaluate the anticoccidial activity of the different concentrations of the HCl against Eimeria tenella infection in broiler chickens in comparison with the amprolium anticoccidial. For this purpose, a total of 198 chicks were placed 11 per pen with three pens per treatment. The different concentrations of HCl (1000ppm, 2000ppm and 3000ppm) and amproilum (at the dose rate of 125ppm) were given to the experimental groups in drinking water from 10 to 19 th days of age. One group was kept as infected non medicated control and one as non infected non medicated control. At the 12 th day of age, all the groups were inoculated orally with 75,000 sporulated oocysts except non infected non medicated control. Anticoccidial activity was evaluated on the basis of performance (weight gain, feed conversion ratio) and pathogenic (oocyst score, lesion score and mortality %age) parameters. Among HCl medicated groups, the maximum anticoccidial effect was seen in the group medicated with 1000ppm HCl followed by 2000ppm and 3000ppm HCl medicated groups. Amprolium and 1000ppm HCl were almost equivalent in suppressing the negative performance and pathogenic effects associated with coccidiosis (Eimeria tenella) challenge. In summary, the lower doses of HCl have the potential to be used as alternative to chemotherapeutic drugs for Eimeria tenella control. It is therefore suggested that further studies should be carried out to determine the possible minimum safe levels of HCl with least toxic effects to be used as anticoccidial. Pesq. Vet. Bras. 31(5):425-429, maio 2011 Rao Z. Abbas et al. 426
Abbas R.Z., Munawar S.H., Manzoor Z., Iqbal Z., Khan M.N., Saleemi M.K., Zia M.A. & Yousaf A. 2011. Anticoccidial effects of acetic acid on performance and pathogenic parameters in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria tenella. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31 :99-103. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anticoccidial effect of the different concentrations of the acetic acid in the broiler chickens in comparison with the amprolium anticoccidial. A total of 198 chicks were placed 11 per pen with three pens per treatment. The different concentrations (1%, 2% and 3%) of acetic acid and amproilum (at the dose rate of 125ppm) were given to the experimental groups in drinking water from 10-19 th days of age. One group was kept as infected non medicated control and one as non infected non medicated control. All the groups were inoculated orally with 75,000 sporulated oocysts at the 12 th day of age except non infected non medicated control. Anticoccidial effect was evaluated on the basis of performance (weight gain, feed conversion ratio) and pathogenic (oocyst score, lesion score and mortality %age) parameters. Among acetic acid medicated groups, the maximum anticoccidial effect was seen in the group medicated with 3% acetic acid followed by 2% and 1% acetic acid medicated groups. Amprolium and 3% acetic acid were almost equivalent in suppressing the negative performance and pathogenic effects associated with coccidiosis (Eimeria tenella) challenge. In summary, acetic acid has the potential to be used as alternative to chemotherapeutic drugs for Eimeria tenella control. Concentration-dependent anticoccidial effect of acetic acid suggests that further studies should be carried out to determine the possible maximum safe levels of acetic acid with least toxic effects to be used as anticoccidial.
Efficacy of a herbal complex against caecal coccidiosis in broiler chickens
Vet. Arhiv, 2009
The anticoccidial efficacy of a herbal complex consisting of solanum nigram (35%), aloe vera (15%), Moringa indica (35%) and Mentha arvensis (15%) was tested against eimeria tenella infection in broilers. Thirty day old broiler chicks were divided into 5 experimental groups, each group having 6 chicks, and were maintained on an anticoccidial free diet. Groups A, B, C and D were challenged with 30,000 sporulated oocysts of e. tenella at day 28 of age, while group E served as the uninfected unmedicated control. After 3 days of challenge infection, the birds belonging to groups A and B were treated with herbal complex at the dose rate of 5 and 10% for 7 days continuously. Group C was fed with Salinomycin mixed feed for the same period. In the treatment groups, the birds that received 10% (group B) herbal complex showed better body mass gain between the 4 th and 5 th weeks (344.34 ± 59.81gm), superior feed conversion ratio (1.77 ± 0.43) and moderate caecal length (11.5 ± 1.19 cm). However, there was no significant difference in the oocyst output between all the treated and control groups. The body mass gain, FCR and caecal length of the uninfected unmedicated group were 461.86 ± 87.03, 1.70 ± 0.46 and 16.9 ± 1.2 cm respectively. Mortality of birds was recorded in groups A and D only.