Small Water Bodies in the Valley of the River Rudawa in Krakow – the Environmental Value (original) (raw)
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Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 2010
This paper presents the results of research relating to the vegetation of the Kulawa River valley and its flow lakes - Głuche Duże, Głuche Małe, and Sieczonek. Transformations observed in the flora examined were the result of two overlapping factors: 1. anthropogenic factors - among others, a high phosphorus content in the waters of the river and in nutrients accumulating in the lakes; 2. natural factors, such as a reduced level of subsoil waters. In the protection of river valleys, it is important to diagnose all threats. The diagnosis should be based not only on an evaluation of water quality, but also on the state of the whole environment of the valley.
The article summarises the results of analyses of temporal and spatial changes in the location of small water bodies in the upper Sanna River catchment between the fifteenth and twenty-first centuries. The investigations were conducted on historical sources and cartographic data using GIS tools and inventory files. Natural (location of springs, groundwater depth, geomorphology of valleys), anthropogenic factors (quarries, excavations) and historical determinants of construction of the water reservoirs are presented. Additionally, changes in the economic (fish farming, mills), defence and industrial (paper and steel mills, bloomeries, fulleries) functions of the water bodies have been analysed. The changes in the functions of the water bodies were often influenced by the changing ownership. The results have application significance on a local and regional scale.
Ichthyofauna of Wrocław - the Odra River, its tributaries and the selected city reservoirs
Fragmenta Faunistica, 2012
The ichthyofauna o f the O dra River, its m ajor tributaries (Oława, Widawa, Bystrzyca, Ślęza) and selected reservoirs (sand and clay pits, city park ponds, recreational reservoirs, city m oat) within the city o f W rocław is described on the basis o f data obtained in our ow n studies (electrofishing and net-catching), quality control catches o f the Polish Angling Association, analysis o f stocking registers, control and analysis o f angling inquiries and interviewing anglers in 1980-2010. Forty six fish and lamprey species were recorded: 42 in the Odra River, and 41 in its tributaries. Twenty eight species were recorded from the city reservoirs; they represented euryoecious and stagnophilous ecological groups. The study area holds nine species w hich are legally protected in Poland (Lampetra planeri, Acipenser oxirynchus, Gobi о albipinnatus, Rhodeus sericeus, Eupallasella percnurus, Cobitis taenia, Sabanejewia baltica (=aurata), Misgurnus fossilis, Barbatula barbatula) and five species regarded as endangered in the country {Barbus barbus, Vimba vimba, Chondrostoma nasus, Hucho hucho, Salmo salar). Eleven species occurring in the w ater courses and reservoirs o f W roclaw are protected within the EU Habitats Directive (92/43/EW G). Ten species introduced accidentally or on purpose occur in the city. Despite the high anthropopressure, including intensive angling, the W roclaw waters still hold diverse, and the O dra River itself-even rich-fish communities.
Changes in the Course of the Krasna River in the Estuary Section (Polish Uplands)
Proceedings 2019, 2019
The aim of the study was identify the riverbed changes of the Krasna river in its whole length during last centuries based on archival cartographic materials. Additionally in the estuary section, about 2 km long, which was noticed the largest riverbed changes visible on the maps, verified cartographic changes are done geomorphological and geological mapping of the Quaternary sediments. Krasna river is located in the northern part of the Świętokrzyskie voivodship in the Polish Uplands area. It is left tributary of the Czarna Konecka, with a 28 km length. The basin area have about 121 km 2. It was located in the Old Polish Industrial District. Krasna river was one of the most industrialized rivers of Old Polish Industrial District in 19 th c,. the waters of the lower section of Krasna river were driven the forges and water mills. The activity of the forges and water mills contributed to changes in the course of the Krasna riverbed, visible on cartographic materials as well as in sediments. In the early 30th year in 20 th c., old forges were transformed into water mills. In later years, the mill buildings were transformed into sawmills existing until the middle of the 20 th c. On the flood plain, remnants of the iron metallurgy have survived in such forms as shafts and channels as well as in sediments as slags or bricks. With the fall of industrial activity, the renaturalization processes was started in the Krasna river valley and the riverbed itself. This led to the restoration of a natural environment before human changes impact and river come back to its natural course.
Vistula River Mouth–History and Recent Problems
2010
The history of the Vistula River mouth exhibits the development of the hydrographic system of Żuławy lowlands caused by natural phenomena and human intervention. During its history, the Vistula River has changed the location of its direct connection with the Baltic Sea three times; the first (the Gdańsk Vistula) and the second (the Brave Vistula) river outlets were created by nature, while the recent one (the Vistula Cross-Cut) was man-made. Each of these locations faced similar problems, i.e. sedimentation in the river mouth leading to flooding problem in the surrounding region, intensified in winter by ice jams. The recent outlet, made as a short cut of the river reach in 1895, requires permanent maintenance as to diminish a flood risk for the surrounding areas due to sedimentation. Since the opening, its maintenance is carried out by elongation of jetties on both sides of the river mouth, and occasional dredging of sand. Presently, further elongation of jetties is proposed, however new methods to keep the river mouth should be considered.
The Impact of Fânałe Tailing Pond Upon "Crişul Băiła" River
Aspects de l'impact du bassin de décantation FânaŃe sur la petite rivière Crişul BăiŃa. Dans le département du Bihor, sur le territoire de la commune Câmpani, la S.C. BĂIłA S.A. Ştei a construit le bassin de décantation de FânaŃe pour déposer le stérile humide résultat par l'extraction et l'usinage des minerais poli-métalliques non ferreux (cuivre, plomb, zinc). En cette article, on poursuit certains aspects de l'impact de ce bassin sur l'environnement par la présentation de la qualité de l'eau de Crişul BăiŃa en quatre sections de surveillance (le tronçon source-BăiŃa Plai-avale Ştei, environ 23 km) pour la période 2004-2006. Les analyses chimique ont été réalisé dans le Laboratoire de la Direction Rivières-Crişuri, Oradea, conformément à l'Ordre 1146 /2002 pour l'approbation du Normatif concernant les objectifs de référence pour classifier les eaux de surface. En 2008, la S.C. BĂIłA S.A. Ştei a été achetée par la S.C. Mineral Mining S.R.L Ştei qui a commencé les démarches necessaires pour la projection d'un nouveau bassin de décantation. Mots-clés : bassin de décantation, rivière Crişul BăiŃa, indicateurs de qualité, impact 1. Introduction Until 2008, S.C. BĂIłA S.A. Ştei was a state-own commercial company with a prime activity goal the ore extraction and processing (lead, copper, zinc, molybdenum). From 2008 the state company was bought by S.C. Mineral Mining S.R.L. Ştei (private company) which run the same basic activity in the same development-exploitation perimeter, with the same technology. The transition period within which the private company will be able to use the FânaŃe tailing pond is 31. 12. 2009 so that the Mineral Mining S.R.L. started the necessary steps in order to find the location for the new tailing pond. The preparing technology for ore preparation consists of several stages which, in general, are the following: the two-stage crushing process, the grinding process (several categories, 75-80%-0,074 mm), collective flotation copper-lead, zinc flotation, molybdenum-copper collective flotation. Excepting the Na cyanide, the other used chemical reactive, are not considered toxic substances. The preparing factory is located 20 km from Ştei and the FânaŃe tailing pond is located 6 km downstream from preparing factory. The industrial water, used during the flotation process of the collective concentration of copper-lead and copper-molybdenum, tined which cyanide, 60-240 mg/l concentration, 8.5-12.5 qm/h discharge (Horvath, C., 2002) are chemically treated using a fully automatic neutralization installation (installed in 200 with the financial support of GEF-USAID project). The water, from which cyanides were removed, are pumped in the FânaŃe tailing pond, together with the water used for washing the ore.
River Research and Applications, 2009
The Czarny Dunajec River, Polish Carpathians, has been considerably modified by channelization and gravel mining-induced channel incision and it varies in morphology from a single-thread, incised or regulated channel to an unmanaged, multi-thread channel. For twelve cross-sections with between 1 and 4 flow threads, the abundance and diversity of fish fauna were determined by electrofishing and compared with an assessment of hydromorphological river quality and the variation in flow depth, velocity and bed material size. Hydromorphological quality of the river varied between high-status conditions (Class 1) in unmanaged, multi-thread cross-sections with varying proportions of islands and Class 4 in channelized cross-sections. The increased number of low-flow channels in a cross-section was associated with a larger aggregated width of low-flow channels and greater variation in flow depth, velocity and bed material size. Single-thread cross-sections hosted only 2 fish species and 13 individuals on average, whereas 3-4 species and 82 individuals on average were recorded in cross-sections with four low-flow channels. Regression analysis indicated that both the number of fish species and individuals increased linearly with increasing variation in depth within a cross-section and exponentially with improving hydromorphological river quality, while they were unrelated to flow width, suggesting that it is the increase in variability of habitat conditions rather than simple habitat enlargement, that supported the increased abundance and diversity of fish fauna in the multi-thread cross-sections. This study shows that the simplification of flow pattern and the resultant degradation of hydromorphological river quality, caused by human impacts, is reflected in remarkable impoverishment of fish communities and that recovery of these communities will require an increase in morphological complexity of the river. Figure 3. Scores given by four evaluators for the hydromorphological river quality in the investigated cross-sections of the Czarny Dunajec and the average of the four estimates. The number of flow threads in each cross-section is also indicated Figure 5. Scatter plots of physical characteristics of the Czarny Dunajec versus the number of flow threads in the investigated cross-sections.
Acta Geobalcanica, 2020
In the last centuries, the studied area belonged to the Old-Polish Industrial District (OPID), where appropriate environmental conditions have contributed to the development of mining and metallurgy based on hydropower. This activity led to changes of valley floors and river network, which are visible on historical and contemporary cartographic materials, as well as in the relief and sediments. This work is a case study of a former water reservoir at Furmanów in the Czarna Konecka river valley (Poland).
Changes of the Vistula River channel and floodplain in the last 200 years
2006
The Vistula River is a typical Central-European river flowing from the mountains across basins and upland belts to the lowlands. The Vistula valley is modelled by a river with a complex hydrological regime. In its upper reaches, floods driven by summer rainfall prevail, while in the lower reaches snowmelt floods are important. Deforestation favoured a natural propensity for river braiding. In the mid-19th century, the channelization of the upper Vistula (in the Carpathian foreland) and the lower reaches was commenced with, while the middle streach was left in a natural state, such that the river has in places preserved a braided pattern up to the present day. The channelization followed by construction of reservoirs caused downcutting and aggradation to occur, such that opposing tendencies were observed in particular reaches of the river channel. In addition, flood embankments confined aggradation to the intra-embankment area. Thus, the functioning of the Vistula River system is largely controlled by diverse human activity. Unconstrained flow and river load transport along the whole river length are only partly possible during extreme floods. The present-day adjustment tendencies also relate to ongoing changes in land-use in the drainage basin, as well as on global climatic changes.