Postexposure effects of DDE and butylbenzylphthalate on feeding behavior in threespine stickleback (original) (raw)
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Environmental …, 1992
A suite of chemical andbiochemicalparameters was measuredin three species of benthic flatfish (English sole, Parophrys vetulus; rock sole, Lepidopsetta bilineata; and starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus)sampled from up to five sites in Puget Sound, WA, USA, to assess the sensitivity of the parameters to differences in levels of contaminant exposure and the relative merit of the use of a suite of indices for assessing exposure and sublethal effects. The indices examined were hepatic levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and biliary fluorescent aromatic-compound concentrations, hepatic activities of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, and levels of total hepatic GSH and hydrophobic DNA-xenobiotic adducts; the lastmentioned were determined by using the 32p-postlabeling assay. The results showed that the indices examined could discriminate among sites exhibiting different degrees of chemical contamination; however, species differences in the range of response of some indices were observed. Additionally, the use of multiple indices appeared to enhance the assessment of contaminant exposure and sublethal effects.
Marine Environmental …, 1993
A suite of chemical andbiochemicalparameters was measuredin three species of benthic flatfish (English sole, Parophrys vetulus; rock sole, Lepidopsetta bilineata; and starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus)sampled from up to five sites in Puget Sound, WA, USA, to assess the sensitivity of the parameters to differences in levels of contaminant exposure and the relative merit of the use of a suite of indices for assessing exposure and sublethal effects. The indices examined were hepatic levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and biliary fluorescent aromatic-compound concentrations, hepatic activities of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, and levels of total hepatic GSH and hydrophobic DNA-xenobiotic adducts; the lastmentioned were determined by using the 32p-postlabeling assay. The results showed that the indices examined could discriminate among sites exhibiting different degrees of chemical contamination; however, species differences in the range of response of some indices were observed. Additionally, the use of multiple indices appeared to enhance the assessment of contaminant exposure and sublethal effects.
Pollutants and fish predator/prey behavior: A review of laboratory and field approaches
Current Zoology, 2012
Fish behavior can be altered by contaminants. There is an extensive literature on laboratory behavioral assays, with many chemicals impairing feeding or predator avoidance. However, there is not extensive work on fishes that live in contaminated environments. Therefore, we then review our recent research on feeding and trophic relations of populations from contaminated estuaries compared with relatively unpolluted sites. The mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus, is a non-migratory fish; those from more contaminated areas are poor predators and slower to capture active prey (grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio). In the field, they consume much detritus and sediment, which is not nutritious. They are less active than fish from cleaner sites and more vulnerable to predation. They have altered thyroid glands and neurotransmitter levels, which may underlie altered behaviors. Fish from the reference site kept in tanks with sediment and food from the polluted site showed bioaccumulation and reduce...
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2015
The effects of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and tributyltin (TBT) association were investigated through a multi-biomarker approach. Ten Rhamdia quelen fish per group were exposed through intraperitoneal injections either to BaP (0.3; 3 or 30mgkg(-1)), DDT or TBT (0.03; 0.3 or 3mgkg(-1)) or BaP/DDT, BaP/TBT, DDT/TBT or BaP/DDT/TBT on their lowest doses. The experiments were divided in acute (one dose, 5-day) and sub-chronic (3 doses, 15-day). Control groups received an equal volume of PBS or canola oil (1mlkg(-1)). The three tested contaminants altered AChE activity in brain and muscle in similar ways; the mixtures antagonized the increase evoked by the contaminants alone. BaP and TBT increased GSH content and mixtures reduced it. GPx activity was increased by DDT and TBT in the 15-day experiment and reduced by the mixtures. BaP increased GST activity in sub-chronic experiment while TBT reduced it in the acute experiment. BaP/TBT increased GST activity ...
Time-toxicity relationships in fish exposed to the organochlorine pesticide methoxychlor
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1989
Time-toxicity relationships for methoxychlor were developed for five species and two stocks of fish (lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeuformis; spottail shiner, Notropis hudsonius; walleye, Stizostedion vitreum vitreum; white sucker, Catostomus commersoni; and two stocks of rainbow trout, Sulmo guirdneri). Four different pulse regimes were tested, namely, a 2-h methoxychlor exposure followed by 94 h in fresh water, a 6-h exposure followed by 90 h in fresh water, a 24-h exposure followed by 72 h in fresh water, and a 96-h exposure. Time-toxicity relationships for methoxychlor varied inter-and intraspecifically. Intraspecies effects were probably size related; the 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) for rainbow trout was 9.36 pg/L (95% C.L. 5.71, 15.3) for stock A fish (average size 1.2 g) and 31.2 pg/L (95% C.L. 24.7,39.6) for stock B fish (average size 6.7 g). Methoxychlor exhibited a delayed toxic effect, the relative magnitude of which was a function of exposure duration and concentration, and fish species. Of the fish species examined, walleye was the most sensitive to short-term pulses (<24 h) of methoxychlor. Walleye had a relatively low 96-h LC50 (19.2 pg/L; 95% C.L. 9.00,41.1), experienced the greatest delayed toxic effects and, in terms of median survival time (t,), was most sensitive to changes in methoxychlor concentration. Rainbow trout appeared to be the species most sensitive to chronic methoxychlor exposure; its asymptotic LC50 (stock A 4.05 k 2.84 pg/L, stock B 5.14 k 3.14 pg/L) was significantly lower than those of other species. White sucker was the species least sensitive to acute exposure. White suckers experienced no delayed toxic effects and had the highest 96-h (114 pg/L; 95% C.L. 87.7, 150) and asymptotic LC50 (205 f 85 pg/L) values.
The joint effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on fish behavior
Environmental Research, 2008
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the most widespread organic environmental pollutants that pose a potential risk to marine biota. Although they occur as mixtures in the marine environment, only little information exists about their joint action on fish behavior. In 4-day tests with juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) concentration-response analyses were performed for three PAH compounds—fluorene (FE), phenanthrene (PHE), and pyrene (PY). Responses of fish to these compounds were assessed by recording visually the changes in their locomotory activities and social behaviors. Based on these concentration-response data, mixture effects were predicted by applying the model of concentration addition. The mixture was tested using a fixed-ratio design, and the resulting effects were compared to the predictions. The single compounds and the mixture were accumulated in fish muscle and produced a clear change in the overall behavioral performance of fish, as all individual parameters were affected in a dose-response way. For lethargy and swimming, we determined regression fits for all single compounds, with PY the most potent (EC10=0.031 μM for swimming and 0.039 μM for lethargy) and FE the least (EC10=0.29 μM for swimming and 0.26 μM for lethargy). Also, changes in the number of lethargic fish were always the most sensitive parameter and social interaction the least. The mixture study revealed for lethargy and swimming a good agreement between the predicted and observed effect changes, and statistically significant deviations could not be identified.
Sub-lethal toxicological responses are common occurrences in aquatic animals exposed to sewage wastewater and organic wastewater contaminants. Behavioural alterations are particularly sensitive indicators of sub-lethal toxicological stress in animals exposed to various pollutants, and often correlate with higher-level outcomes. Diurnal activity patterns in many fish species are sensitive to changes in natural biotic factors, but few studies have explored how environmental pollutants influence such rhythms. We investigated diurnal activity patterns in the mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), after exposure to UV-treated sewage and a mixture of key contaminants identified through chemical analysis and subsequent risk-based prioritization of the wastewater. Exposure to 50% and 100% wastewater abolished daytime activity levels in male, but not female fish. Chemical analysis identified fluoxetine, diazinon and triclosan above their reported predicted-no-effect-concentrations (PNECs), and fish were thus exposed to a mixture of these compounds at 1, 10 and 100 μg l –1. Behavioural responses were highly consistent between fish exposed to wastewater and the contaminant mixture, indicating that these prioritized contaminants are indeed likely contributing to the observed effects. Effective concentrations of the mixture were considerably lower than those reported as eliciting behavioural effects in previous studies exploring each of these compounds alone. Results warn of the potential for negative higher-level consequences associated with exposures of fish to common organic wastewater contaminants, as altered diurnal activity patterns could conceivably scale-up to influence performance including foraging success and predator avoidance. Further research is necessary to increase our understanding of linkages between alterations to diurnal activities and effects at the population level.
Bioconcentration and lethal body burden of 2,3,4,5-tetrachloroaniline in guppy, Poecilia reticulata
Chemosphere, 1992
In this study the bioconcentration and the lethal body burden (LBB) of 2,3,4,5-tetrachloroaniline (2345TeCA) in guppy, Poecilia reticulata, is determined at different exposure levels. The exposure concentrations were found to influence the concentration-ratio between fish and water. At higher exposure concentrations a higher concentration-ratio is observed. Furthermore, after prolonged exposure, when apparent steady state has existed for several days, the concentration-ratio increased again. These results indicate that, although usually considered being a constant, the ratio between the concentration of a chemical in fish and water (BCF) may depend on exposure concentration and/or exposure time. After short periods of exposure to relatively high concentrations the LBB value of 2345TeCA in guppy is approximately the same as that found for chlorinated benzenes. After prolonged exposure to relatively low concentrations, however, the LBB value of 2345TeCA is lower. These results show that LBB values of organic compounds may not always be constant, and may depend on exposure time.
Growth inhibition in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) fish exposed to tetrachloroethylene
Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India, 2006
A recent study in our laboratory has demonstrated that tetrachloroethylene (TCE) is acutely toxic to Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) larvae with a 96 hr-LC50 of 18 (17-19) mg/mL (Spencer et al., 2002). In the present study we hypothesize that TCE exposure induces a developmental effect in Japanese medaka. Growth and age specific sensitivity of Japanese medaka larvae were studied with four age groups (7, 14, 21 and 28 days old) to determine tetrachloroethylene effects on these parameters. The medaka larvae were exposed for 96 hours in a single concentration (10 mg/mL) of TCE. The toxic endpoints evaluated were larvae weight, length, water content and protein concentration. The study revealed that exposure of medaka larvae to this sub-acute concentration of TCE significantly reduced length and weight in the treated group. The difference in growth between control and treated groups was more obvious in age versus length, than in age versus weight. The dry weight-fresh weight ratio (dw...
2021
This study, investigated the ability of Paraquat (herbicide) and Dichlorvos (insecticide) to elicit avoidance response in population of Guppy fish, Poecilia reticulata and predict the population immediate decline (PID) of P. reticulata when exposed to both agro-chemicals. A 96-h forced system (FS) bioassay was each conducted in five duplicate systems, each with a control experiment. The avoidance response was examined using non-forced multi-compartmented static system (NFS). The guppies (n = 3 guppies per concentration of 6 compartments in quadruplet) were exposed to a gradient of Paraquat (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 15.0 mg/L) and Dichlorvos (0, 1.6, 2.6, 3.0, 3.2 and 4.0 mg/L). Their distributions were examined at 20 min intervals for a 3-h period (n = 9 observation periods). The results from 96-h FS were does-dependent with highest percentage mortality being 85.7% for Paraquat and 78.6% for Dichlorvos in respective highest concentrations. The 3-h NFS exposure showed statistically...