Forgiving and reincorporating 'faithful' vassals within the Spanish Monarchy: Naples, Catalonia, Portugal and Sardinia (1647-1679) (original) (raw)
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New directions in the political history of the Spanish-Atlantic world, c. 1750–1850
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This special dossier of JILAS brings together nine essays that shed new light on several important aspects of the political history of the Spanish-Atlantic world c. 1750-1850. 1 As specialists will be well aware, this century, spanning roughly from the Seven Years' War until Spain's African War, has been the subject of renewed historical interest. Undoubtedly, the acute crises facing democracies and republics on both sides of the Atlantic, together with the vicissitudes of citizenship and political participation, have stimulated historians to search for the origins of contemporary political systems. Some themes and topics have been utterly transformed by a new generation of scholarswriting in several European languagesoften working in transnational, global, and Atlantic frameworks scarcely imaginable a few decades ago. Though the advances in the historiography have been formidable, many topics and themes remain either underresearched or else new work has provoked fresh questions requiring more research. This dossier therefore aims to pursue new directions as well as to push historiographical advances still further, helping to consolidate gains already made One of the notable shifts of the past few decades has been the steady narrowing of the gulf that previously separated these scholarly communities working in different locations and languages from one another. The structural factors producing this change are numerous, but some of it may be attributed to European Union-driven academic internationalization, the annihilation of barriers to scholarly exchange by the Internet, and the migration and movement of scholarly communities. The proliferation and deepening of networks has occurred not only within Europe, but also beyond it. One of the most visible changes of recent decades has been the intensification of interactions between the scholars in Europe and those based in the Americas, particularly Latin America. Emphasis on structural and material forces, however, should not distract attention from intellectual developments. The rise of Atlantic History in the immediate post-World War II period, building on Braudel's insights about Mediterranean civilization, promoted a focus on connections and convergences, inching ever closer to a post-national, cosmopolitan approach to the past. The 1960s were a key moment in a renewed interaction between scholars both from both of the Americas, North and South (Tirado 2014). In the Anglophone world, this orientation toward histoire croisée, served as an impetus for myriad groundbreaking books on the early CONTACT Gabriel Paquette
PA, Vol. 1, Nº 1 (2015)- Empires, merchants, and the origins of politics in the Iberian Atlantic
Resumen Este ensayo combina varios campos de investigación histórica para iluminar la edad de las revoluciones en América Latina: la crisis del mundo Ibero-Americano, la transformación del comportamiento mercantil, y el surgimiento de nuevos resortes de legitimidad política. Apunta a la importancia de la trata de esclavos en el Atlántico del Sur, y cómo la crisis de imperios provocó un golpe profundo a las economías basadas en la esclavitud. Las Guerras Trans-Atlánticas resultaron en una doble crisis, fiscal de los imperios y social para una régimen de acumulación. Los resultados de la coyuntura fueron nuevos actores sociales y nuevos modelos de política. En el debate en torno a la edad de revoluciones como continuidad o discontinuidad, este ensayo insiste en la importancia del cambio. Llama la atención sobre la centralidad de la esclavitud para la naturaleza de los regímenes y sobre el papel de las fuerzas sociales y económicas en la formación de las instituciones e ideas políticas. Abstract This essay connects several fields of historical research about the age of revolutions in Latin America: the crisis of the Iberian Atlantic, the transformation of merchant capital, and the rise of new sources of political legitimacy. It points to the importance of the slave trade in the South Atlantic, and how the crisis of empires had a fundamental effect on slave economies. Warfare produced, therefore, a fiscal crisis of the empires and a social crisis of a regime of accumulation. The outcomes of the conjuncture were new social actors and new models of politics. In the debate about whether the age of revolutions was one of continuity or discontinuity in Latin America, this essay makes the case for discontinuity. It draws attention to
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