First record of the ambrosia beetle, Monarthrum mali (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in Europe (original) (raw)
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First record of Ambrosiodmus (Hopkins, 1915) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in Europe
Zootaxa
In early April 2009, many specimens of Ambrosiodmus (Hopkins, 1915) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a genus new to Europe, were found overwintering in a living horse chestnut tree (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) in the botanic garden of Padova (NE Italy) (45°23’ N, 11° 52’ E). In October 2009, about 80 peach trees growing in an orchard close to Verona (Alpo di Villafranca, NE Italy) (45°22’ N, 10° 55’ E) were found infested by the same insect. In both cases, the insects were infesting the tree sapwood infected by honey fungus (Armillaria mellea (Vahl) Kummer). Moreover, in the first week of October one specimen was collected also in a pheromone trap baited with ipsdienol and ipsenol and set up in the international harbour of Venice (Marghera, 45°27’ N, 12° 15’ E). Subsequent morphological analyses ascribed the collected specimens to the species A. rubricollis (Eichhoff, 1875), an ambrosia beetle of Asian origin. The infested trees were submitted to sanitation felling and burnt....
Environmental Entomology, 2010
Economic and biological consequences are associated with exotic ambrosia beetles and their fungal associates. Despite this, knowledge of ambrosia beetles and their ecological interactions remain poorly understood, especially in the oakÐ hickory forest region. We examined how forest stand and site characteristics inßuenced ambrosia beetle habitat use as evaluated by species richness and abundance of ambrosia beetles, both the native component and individual exotic species. We documented the species composition of the ambrosia beetle community, ßight activity, and habitat use over a 2-yr period by placing ßight traps in regenerating clearcuts and older oakÐ hickory forest stands differing in topographic aspect. The ambrosia beetle community consisted of 20 species with exotic ambrosia beetle species dominating the community. Similar percentages of exotic ambrosia beetles occurred among the four forest habitats despite differences in stand age and aspect. Stand characteristics, such as stand age and forest structure, inßuenced ambrosia beetle richness and the abundances of a few exotic ambrosia beetle species and the native ambrosia beetle component. Topographic aspect had little inßuence on ambrosia beetle abundance or species richness. Older forests typically have more host material than younger forests and our results may be related to the amount of dead wood present. Different forms of forest management may not alter the percent contribution of exotic ambrosia beetles to the ambrosia beetle community. KEY WORDS habitat, Xyleborus, Xylosandrus, ßight activity, oakÐ hickory forest Wood boring beetles in the Scolytinae subfamily (Curculionidae) are commonly intercepted at ports worldwide (Haack 2006). At least 18 exotic ambrosia beetle species are established in the eastern United States (Rabaglia et al. 2006, Hoebeke and Rabaglia 2008). Located in the sapwood, fungal feeding ambrosia beetles are difÞcult to detect and often survive transglobal shipping. Inbreeding ambrosia beetles (Xyleborini tribe), not susceptible to inbreeding depression or mate Þnding risks, are particularly suited to establishment (Jordal et al. 2001). Further, most ambrosia beetles are host generalists (Wood 1982). Exotic ambrosia beetle establishment has severe economic and biological consequences. Fungal symbionts of ambrosia beetles (e.g., Raffaelea, Ambrosiella) are closely related to Ceratocystis and Ophiostoma genera that include several important tree pathogens. The exotic redbay ambrosia beetle vectors Raffaelea lauricola (Harrington, Fraedrich and Aghayeva), a pathogen responsible for widespread mortality of redbay trees (Persea borbonia [L.] Spreng) and that also affects avocado (P. americana Miller), sassafras (Sassafras albidum [Nuttall] Nees), pondberry (Lindera melissifolia [Walter] Blume),
Eppo Bulletin, 2017
In September 2016, a survey conducted in the Circeo National Park revealed an outbreak and serious damage caused by the black twig borer (Xylosandrus compactus) and its associated fungi in the Mediterranean maquis. Among the affected hosts, Quercus ilex, Viburnum tinus, Ruscus aculeatus, Pistacia lentiscus, Laurus nobilis and Ceratonia siliqua, showed flagging and wilting of branches and, in younger individuals, the death of the whole plant occurred. In total, 18 different fungal taxa were found associated with the insect. These included Ambrosiella xylebori, Geosmithia pallida, Fusarium spp., Epicoccum nigrum and Bionectria sp. This is the first report in Europe of X. compactus and associated ambrosia fungi in a natural environment.
In September 2016, a survey conducted in the Circeo National Park revealed an outbreak and serious damage caused by the black twig borer (Xylosandrus compactus) and its associated fungi in the Mediterranean maquis. Among the affected hosts, Quercus ilex, Viburnum tinus, Ruscus aculeatus, Pistacia lentiscus, Laurus nobilis and Ceratonia siliqua, showed flagging and wilting of branches and, in younger individuals, the death of the whole plant occurred. In total, 18 different fungal taxa were found associated with the insect. These included Ambrosiella xylebori, Geosmithia pallida, Fusarium spp., Epicoccum nigrum and Bionectria sp. This is the first report in Europe of X. compactus and associated ambrosia fungi in a natural environment
Biological Invasions, 2016
The introduction of non-native ambrosia beetles can cause severe damage in forest ecosystems. Understanding the environmental drivers affecting their invasion at the local scale is of utmost importance to enhancing management strategies. Our objectives were: (1) to determine the influence of forest composition, forest structure, and climate on invasion success of non-native ambrosia beetles in deciduous temperate forests, and (2) to test the effect of host tree species on colonization success by non-native ambrosia beetles. In 2013, we sampled 25 forest stands located in NorthEast Italy belonging to three forest types dominated respectively by hop hornbeam, chestnut, and beech. Both ethanol-baited traps and trap-logs of five tree species (hop hornbeam, chestnut, beech, manna ash, and black locust) were used to sample non-native and native ambrosia beetle communities. We found a clear effect of forest composition on non-native species richness and activitydensity, as measured in ethanol-baited traps, both of which were higher in chestnut-dominated forests. Furthermore, we found a positive effect of temperature on both the number of trapped non-native species and their activity-density, with cold temperatures limiting beetle spread in high-elevation forests. Only Xylosandrus germanus successfully colonized the trap-logs. The number of colonized logs was higher for chestnut and in chestnut-dominated forests. Both trapping and log-baiting indicated that chestnut-dominated forests were at greater risk of invasion than hop hornbeamand beech-dominated forests. Given the economic and ecological importance of chestnut, ambrosia beetle communities present in chestnut-dominated forests should be monitored to determine where protective measures must be taken.
Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Entomology, 2021
Two lures (REDBAY & AMBRO) developed for the monitoring of an introduced/invasive species (Redbay ambrosia beetle (Xyleborus glabratus)) were tested in semi-natural forests in Hungary. Three sites were selected, and one-one traps with the different lures each were set up and controlled regularly. Altogether more than 12 thousand ambrosia beetles were caught. The lure blend AMBRO proved to be more effective (approx. 11,000 beetles) in compare to REDBAY blend (approx. 1,000) beetles. Both native and introduced ambrosia beetles were captured, however, the invasive Xylosandrus germanus was the most dominant species (approx. 10,600 specimens). Other ambrosia beetles of the genus Trypodendron, Xyleborus, Xylosandrus, Xyleborinus and Platypus were also present.
Journal of Integrated Pest Management, 2016
Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) and Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are two of the most damaging nonnative ambrosia beetle pests in ornamental plant nurseries. Adult females tunnel into the stems and branches of host plants to create galleries with brood chambers. Hosts are infected with symbiotic Ambrosiella spp. fungi that serve as food for the larvae and adults. Plants can also become infected with secondary opportunistic pathogens, including Fusarium spp. Both X. germanus and X. crassiusculus have broad host ranges, and infestations can result in "toothpicks" of extruded chewed wood and sap flow associated with gallery entrances, canopy dieback, stem and trunk cankers, and plant death. Beetles efficiently locate and preferentially attack living, weakened plants, especially those physiologically stressed by flooding, inadequate drainage, frost injury, or winter injury and low temperature. Maintaining plant health is the foundation of a management plan. Vulnerable hosts can be partially protected with preventive pyrethroid applications in the spring before peak flight and attack, which are monitored using ethanol-based trapping tactics.
New species and new records of exotic Scolytinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) in Europe
Biodiversity Data Journal, 2022
Background Bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) are amongst the most important woodboring insects introduced to Europe. During field investigations conducted between 2019 and 2021 in different countries and regions of Europe, many exotic species have been recorded providing new and relevant data. New information Dryoxylon onoharaense (Murayama, 1933) is recorded in Europe for the first time. Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford, 1894) is a species new to Italy, while Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford, 1894), Hypothenemus eruditus (Westwood, 1836) and Amasa sp. near A. truncata are new country records for Portugal. Cnestus mutilatus (Blandford, 1894), Phloeotribus liminaris (Harris, 1852) were collected in Italy and Amasa sp.