A comparative study of latex-producing tissues in genera of Liabeae (Asteraceae) (original) (raw)
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Style Micromorpholoy in the Tribe Fabeae (Fabaceae) with Emphasis on Lathyrus in Iran and Turkey
IRANIAN JOURNAL OF …, 2011
Stylar features of 35 taxa including Lathyrus (26 species), Pisum (3 species), Vicia (4 species) and Lens (2 species) were examined using electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that four genera Lathyrus, Lens, Pisum and Vicia are different in terms of stylar features. At least eight stylar types can be recognized in the tribe Fabeae. Lathyrus is the most variable genus in this regard showing four different stylar types: (1) straight, linear and evenly hairy styles (Sle-type), (2) straight, spathulate and evenly hairy styles (Sse-type), (3) contorted, linear and evenly hairy styles (Cle-type) and (4) contorted, spathulate and evenly hairy styles (Cse-type). Furthermore, the styles are dorsiventrally compressed and adaxially evenly hairy in this genus. Two stylar types: (5) dorsiventrally compressed and evenly hairy all round (De-type) and (6) dorsiventrally compressed and abaxially tufted (Dabt-type) were recognized in Vicia. Other two types: (7) cylinder, non-compressed and adaxially evenly hairy style (Cne-type) and (8) longitudinally folded, canaliculated, laterally compressed and adaxially evenly hairy style (Fce-type) were recognized in Lens and Pisum, respectively. Special focus on Lathyrus revealed that stylar features do not corroborate the current sectional classification of the genus. None of the recognized stylar types are characteristic for any recognized sections of Lathyrus.
Systematics of Liabum Adanson (Asteraceae, Liabeae)
Liabum (Asteraceae), one of the most important genera of the tribe Liabeae in terms of number of species and extent of overall distribution, was the subject of a revisionary study. The genus consists of perennial herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs, rarely scandent shrubs or small trees, without latex, with opposite, tripliveined leaves, radiate, heterogamous capitula, and yellow corollas. The morphology and anatomy of Liabum were studied; in addition, a principal component analysis of 100 samples representing the morphological variation and geographic distribution of Liabum in the Caribbean was conducted, resulting in recognition of a single highly variable species, L. umbellatum. Descriptions, illustrations, and maps for each species, and the first key distinguishing the species of Liabum are presented. This revision recognizes 22 species distributed from southeastern Mexico to northwestern Argentina, and in Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola, including two new species from Ecuador and Peru, Liabum dillonii D. G. Gutiérrez & Katinas and L. robinsonii D. G. Gutiérrez & Katinas, respectively. The main center of species diversity for the genus is in Peru. In addition, new synonyms are proposed, and 151 names of taxa are excluded from Liabum. Liabum onoserifolium S. Díaz & Rodríguez-Cabeza from Colombia is transferred to the genus Munnozia as Munnozia onoserifolia (S. Díaz & Rodríguez-Cabeza) D. G. Gutiérrez & Katinas.
Laticifers in Sapindaceae: Structure, Evolution and Phylogenetic Importance
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2021
Laticifer occurrence and structure are poorly known in Sapindaceae. Occurrence is likely underestimated owing to the low production of latex in most species. We investigated 67 species from 23 genera of Sapindaceae to verify laticifer occurrence and their structural, developmental and chemical features, as well as their evolutionary history in the family. Shoots were collected from herbarium and fresh specimens for histological analyses. Three characters derived from laticifer features were coded and their ancestral states reconstructed through Bayesian stochastic mapping and maximum likelihood estimation. Only articulated non-anastomosing laticifers were found in Sapindaceae. Laticifers differentiate early during shoot development and are found in the cortex, phloem, and pith. Latex is mostly composed of lipids. Callose and suberin were detected in laticifer cell walls in some genera. Reconstruction of laticifer ancestral states showed that laticifers are present in most clades of Sapindaceae with some reversals. Callose in the laticifer cell wall was found exclusively in Serjania and Paullinia (tribe Paullinieae), a character regarded as independently derived. Occurrence of laticifers in Sapindaceae is broader than previously reported. Articulated non-anastomosing laticifers had five independent origins in Sapindaceae with some secondary losses, occurring in five out of six genera of Paullinieae and 10 other genera outside Paullinieae. Particularly, callose in the laticifer cell wall evolved independently twice in the family, and its occurrence may be interpreted as a key-innovation that promoted the diversification of Paullinia and Serjania. Our study suggests that laticifer characters may be useful in understanding the generic relationships within the family.
EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS IN TRIBE LYCIEAE (SOLANACEAE)
VI International Solanaceae Conference : Genomics Meets Biodiversity, 2007
We examine evolutionary relationships among the three genera in tribe Lycieae using DNA sequence data from the nuclear granule-bound starch synthase gene (GBSSI, waxy). Tribe Lycieae is comprised of the large cosmopolitan genus Lycium and the predominately South American genera Grabowskia and Phrodus. Phylogenetic results strongly suggest that Lycium contains Grabowskia and may also include Phrodus. Further, we examine relationships among several clades of American Lycium and within the monophyletic Old World lineage. This study has the largest taxon sampling to date for tribe Lycieae, with 85% of the named species. Increased sampling within eastern Asia and South America, with the world's highest species-richness of Lycium, as well as the addition of more rapidly evolving genetic markers, are the areas on which to focus future work. 1999; , which includes only the genus Nolana (ca. 83 species; D'Arcy, 1991; Tago-Nakazawa and Dillon, 1999), endemic to Chile and Peru, with one species on the Galapagos Islands.
Trichome structure and evolution in Neotropical lianas
Annals of botany, 2013
Trichomes are epidermal outgrowths generally associated with protection against herbivores and/or desiccation that are widely distributed from ferns to angiosperms. Patterns of topological variation and morphological evolution of trichomes are still scarce in the literature, preventing valid comparisons across taxa. This study integrates detailed morphoanatomical data and the evolutionary history of the tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae) in order to gain a better understanding of current diversity and evolution of trichome types. Two sampling schemes were used to characterize trichome types: (1) macromorphological characterization of all 105 species currently included in Bignonieae; and (2) micromorphological characterization of 16 selected species. Individual trichome morphotypes were coded as binary in each vegetative plant part, and trichome density and size were coded as multistate. Ancestral character state reconstructions were conducted using maximum likelihood (ML) assumptions. ...
Leaf micromorphology of Lathyrus sect. Lathyrostylis (Fabaceae) and its taxonomic significance
2019
Lathyrus as a Linnaean genus has been classified by molecular phylogenetic analysis in various studies and the most recent molecular study supported worldwide treatment of Kupicha's morphological classification in this genus. However, performing the DNA sequencing is time consuming and could be overpriced whereas a micromorphological character would be better suited for quick analysis. Actually many researchers realized that and used micromorphology as taxonomic characters in plants but the leaf micromorphological of the fifteen Turkish species of the section Lathyrostylis covered in this study are presented here for the first time to determine the taxonomic significance of the unique micromorphological properties using a light microscope. In the present study, multivariate statistical approaches were used to evaluate the results and our analysis supports the findings of recent phylogenetic investigations in some species. In addition, among the eleven characters employed, the stomatal index of the abaxial leaf surface, epidermal cell shape, and the cell wall pattern of the adaxial leaf surface were found more taxonomically important than the others. These characters can be defining as micromorphological markers. Furthermore, the presence of trichome on its abaxial surface of OT 26, 2, 73-95, 2019 leaf is the most easily discerned micromorphological character in the field and can help to identify L. tukhtensis as this species is morphologically very similar to L. digitatus, L. cyaneus, L. variabilis, L. brachypterus and L. haussknechtii and their identification is very difficult during field and herbarium studies. We believe that using micromorphological markers is helpful in the field and herbarium where it is neither time nor cost effective to sequence all questionable samples in order to establish their taxonomy. However, they don't show strong evidence for comparisons at infrageneric delimitation level in this section. The taxonomic significance of these characters will be more clearly elucidated with the consideration of more micromorphological characters from other parts of plant by adding other species of Lathyrus.
Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2003
The tribe Liabeae (Compositae, Cichorioideae) comprises three subtribes, Liabinae, Munnoziinae, and Paranepheliinae. For one of these, the Munnoziinae, which contains the genera Munnozia, Chrysactinium, Erato, and Philoglossa, the nuclear ITS (internal transcribed spacer) region was sequenced to examine the monophyly of the subtribe and the core genus Munnozia within it. Thirty-six samples representing four currently recognized genera of Munnoziinae and two outgroups were included in this study. Molecular phylogenetic analyses confirm the close relationship of Munnozia with Chrysactinium, and Erato with Philoglossa. However, the monophyly of the Munnoziinae and Munnozia is not supported, in disagreement with the current morphological findings. The discrepancies were attributed to the placements of Munnozia perfoliata outside the Munnoziinae and Munnozia, and Chrysactinium within Munnozia. The resulting tree indicates that first, M. perfoliata needs to be moved out of the munnoziinae and second, Chrysactinium originated from within Munnozia. For the first finding, morphological and palynological reevaluation of this species with allegedly related species reveals additional support in agreement with molecular data. Therefore we propose that the genus Munnozia be re-delimited to the members having black or dark brown anther theca and sordid or reddish pappus and re-organized.