Medication Utilization and Illness Management Study in Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Advances in Infectious Diseases, 2019
Introduction: Self-medication is a common practice in Benin. It has many consequences on people's health in general and develops chemoresistance in particular. Aim: The aim of this work is to study the practice of anti-malarial self-medication in the city of Parakou and to identify the associated factors with this practice. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional analytical survey that took place in the period from April 15 to June 24, 2017. Adults who reported having had malaria symptoms in the last 6 months before the survey and living in 9 neighbourhoods randomly selected in the city of Parakou were included. A structured questionnaire collected their self-medication habit, the drugs used, the supply places and the reasons for this practice. Data were analysed using the Epi-data 3.1 software. Results: Of the 335 respondents included in this study, 141 (42.09%) had self-medicated including 130 (38.81%) with anti-malarial drugs. Fever is the main symptom of malaria cited by respondents (129% or 38.51%) followed by headache (93% or 27.76%). The most commonly used anti-malarial drugs for self-medication are quinine (60% or 44.45%) followed by artemisinin-based combination therapy (46% or 34.07%). Eighty-seven respondents (66.92%) did not have a good knowledge of the drug dosage. Reasons for self-medication were mainly the high cost of consultation fees (99% or 54.10%) and good knowledge of one's illness (53% or 28.96%). Self-medication associated factors were fever (p = 0.04), non-prescription drugs supply in pharmacies (p < 0.
Occurrence and Treatment of Common Health Problems in a Nigerian Community
Journal of Young Pharmacists, 2012
General Pharmacy with a high burden of infectious diseases and a maternal mortality ratio of 545 per 100,000 live births. [2] When people are sick, they either seek medical attention in health facilities or self-medicate. Some individuals take no treatment at all. Many individuals, however, self-medicate due to long waiting times in facilities, inaccessibility of health facilities, cost, and a feeling that the ailment is minor. [3,4] Studies have shown that 23% of the weekly household expenditure in Nigeria is spent on one episode of illness and consumers pay about 64 times the international reference price for medicines to obtain medications from facilities. Payment for healthcare is mainly out-of-pocket in Nigeria, with a few individuals benefiting from the national health insurance scheme. [5]
Malaria Journal, 2011
Background: At primary care facilities in Nigeria, national treatment guidelines state that malaria should be symptomatically diagnosed and treated with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). Evidence from households and health care providers indicates that many patients do not receive the recommended treatment. This study sought to determine the extent of the problem by collecting data as patients and caregivers leave health facilities, and determine what influences the treatment received. Methods: A cross-sectional cluster survey of 2,039 respondents exiting public health centres, pharmacies and patent medicine dealers was undertaken in urban and rural settings in Enugu State, south-eastern Nigeria.
2017
Background. Medicine preference, usage and health-seeking behaviour are very important in the treatment of malaria and prevention and management of drug resistance. Materials and methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study, using a semi-structured questionnaire administered to 135 respondents, was carried out to assess antimalarial drug preference and usage among rural dwellers in Alajue, Ede, Osun State and peri-urban dwellers in Ajara, Badagry, Lagos State, Nigeria. Results. Loss of appetite, fever, chill and rigour, headache and vomiting were the most frequently reported symptoms (83.3%, 78.6%, 71.4%, 69.0% and 64.3%, respectively). More than half (57.1%) of the respondents had their drugs prescribed by a qualified health practitioner. Sixty-eight (50.3%) respondents treated malaria with Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) while Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP), paracetamol and herbal medicine usage was reported by 11.9%, 9.6% and 4.4% of the respondents, respectively. Th...
Heliyon, 2019
The study re-visited malaria burden and pre-hospital medication among malarious subjects in Maiduguri, Northeast Nigeria. A total of 1,657 febrile subjects were screened for malaria by microscopy at two health institutions. Giemsa-stained blood smears were examined for parasitaemia and gametocytaemia; and parasite density (PD), gametocyte density (GD) and gametocyte sex ratio (GSR) were determined. The mean age of the 1,657 subjects was 27.5 AE 12.2 years and 7.8% (130/1,657) of the subjects aged <5 years. Sex distribution showed 47.0% (778/1,657) males and 53.0% (879/1657) females. Parasitaemia was recorded in 22.6% (375/ 1,657) with geometric mean PD of 8,925 (320-275,000) parasites/μl blood. The prevalence of parasitaemia was highest among subjects <5 years (χ 2 ¼ 401.1; df ¼ 5; p < 0.0001) and in August and September (χ 2 ¼ 406.9; df ¼ 11; p < 0.0001). Prevalence of gametocytaemia was 12.8% (48/375) with geometric mean GD of 109 (8-464) gametocytes/μl blood. The prevalence was higher in dry (16.5%, 29/176) than wet (9.5%, 19/199) months (χ 2 ¼ 4.0; df ¼ 1; p ¼ 0.045). The weighted mean GSR was 0.4 AE 0.1 with highest value in March (0.7 AE 0.2). Prehospital medication was recorded in 74.1% (278/375) of the subjects with parasitaemia. Analgesics (51.7%; 194/375) accounted for the highest proportion of drug consumed while 9.3% (35/375) of the subjects took antimalarial drugs. Malaria persisted in Maiduguri especially among subjects <5 years during wet months and pre-hospital medication is a common practice. These findings could serve as guide for policy decision that could contribute to effective treatment and control of malaria in the region.
International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 2019
The study investigated the level of utilization of traditional medicine for treatment of malaria among rural households in Abia State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study described socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents; ascertain the extent of utilization of traditional medicine among the respondents and determine the factors influencing level of usage of traditional medicine in the area. Data for the study were collected from (180) respondents using structured questionnaire and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The result showed that 55.0% of the respondents were males, average age of 58.45 years, 81.2% were married and 45.0% had secondary education. The study further revealed that respondents had high access to medicinal plants from market (mean = 2.35) and traditional medical practitioners (mean = 2.36). Tobit regression result showed that coefficient of age, years of education, income and farming experience influenced access to traditional medicine at 1% probability level. The study concluded that there was moderate utilization of traditional medicine for treatment of malaria in the study area, and recommended ensuring appropriate information on traditional medicine efficacy for effective utilization by the farmers in the study area.
Malaria journal, 2005
A wide range of childhood illnesses are accompanied by fever,, including malaria. Child mortality due to malaria has been attributed to poor health service delivery system and ignorance. An assessment of a mother's ability to recognize malaria in children under-five was carried out among the Bwatiye, a poorly-served minority ethnic group in north-eastern Nigeria. A three-stage research design involving interviews, participatory observation and laboratory tests was used to seek information from 186 Bwatiye mothers about their illness-related experiences with childhood fevers. Mothers classified malaria into male (fever that persists for longer than three days) and female (fever that goes away within three days) and had a system of determining when febrile illness would not be regarded as malaria. Most often, malaria would be ignored in the first 2 days before seeking active treatment. Self-medication was the preferred option. Treatment practices and sources of help were influence...