Screening Measures (original) (raw)

Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2013

Abstract

ABSTRACT DefinitionAutism screening is the process of administering a brief assessment to determine the level of risk for autism. This is usually done by giving parents a brief questionnaire or checklist about their child’s development, including social, language, motor, and cognitive development but can also be done by direct clinical observation. If concerns about a child’s development arise from the screening instrument, the child is referred for a more in-depth, diagnostic and developmental evaluation.Historical Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are severe disorders of development; the Centers for Disease Control reported prevalence rates as 1 in 110 in 2009 (Bertrand et al., 2001; Chakrabarti & Fombonne, 2001; Fombonne, Zakarian, Bennett, Meng, & McLean-Heywood, 2006). Evidence of neurobiological abnormalities in the first year of life (Courchesne, 2004) as well as retrospective evaluation of infant behavior (Baranek, 1999; Osterling & Dawson, 1994) ...

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