Diagnosis of First Case of Balamuthia Amoebic Encephalitis in Portugal by Immunofluorescence and PCR (original) (raw)

Brain tumor or infectious disease

Arquivos De Neuro-psiquiatria, 2009

Encephalitis is usually an acute or subacute infectious disease presenting variable symptoms including headache, confusion, seizures and obnubilation, with Herpes simplex virus (HSV) as one of its most frequent etiological agents 1,2 .

Brain Pathology 22 (2012) 729–732

A 49-year-old man presented with fever and altered mental status. He had a complex prior medical history notable for type I diabetes mellitus with end-stage renal disease and peripheral vascular disease. Eight years prior to admission he underwent pancreatic and renal transplantation secondary to diabetes. The renal transplantation procedure was initially complicated by intra-operative myocardial infarction, and subsequently by acute and chronic allograft rejection. Consequently, the patient had been on long-term immunosuppressive therapy. He also suffered from chronic atrial fibrillation requiring warfarin and had undergone cardiac valve replacement one year earlier.

Brain infections

Diagn Interv Imaging, 2012

Brain infections are relatively rare, but they are potentially serious and have a poor prognosis. The cornerstone of the diagnosis is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Imaging is not systematic, but the indications of imaging are broad, particularly when faced with suspected focal damage, depending on the characteristics of the patient (child, immunosuppressed patient, geographic origin, etc.). It is based on MRI, which allows for aetiological diagnosis and an extension evaluation. In addition, in a certain number of cases, the type of infection is not known and it is up to the MRI via use of an exhaustive technique to diagnose an infectious origin when faced with a mass syndrome. This technical mastery, associated with knowledge of major brain infections, their method of contamination and their particular appearance on the MRI, should make it possible for the radiologist to fulfill his or her diagnostic role.

An Unusual Intracranial Inflammatory Process of Unknown Origin

Neuro – Open Journal, 2017

We present an unusual case of steroid responsive inflammatory condition, involving sellar suprasellar region with further ependymal lesions. This is complicated by previous surgery due to pituitary adenoma, not thought to related to inflammatory process. The patient responded well to steroids, but deteriorated due to development of hydrocephalus caused by obstruction due to adhesions. Despite extensive literature review and consideration of all known pathological conditions, it was concluded that the condition represented another inflammatory entity not yet fully characterised. The case also highlights that despite the steroid responsive nature of the condition, the ependymal involvement can result in progressive acute obstructive hydrocephalus with clinical deterioration. This case also suggests close follow-up and early imaging for early detection and treatment of this complication.

Histopathological Study of CNS Lesions-A Retrospective Study for 5 Years

2020

Introduction: The human nervous system performs greatly varied and highly complex functions. CNS lesions consist of inflammatory, infectious, benign and malignant tumours.CNS tumours are not as frequent as tumours of other sites. Histologically malignant brain tumours carry a poor prognosis. Aims and objectives: histopathological study of various CNS lesions in to benign, malignant and infectious conditions. Methods – 5 yrs. retrospective study of CNS lesions, over the period march 2011 March 2015, in Narayana medical college, Nellore. A total 146 cases included in which 136 cases are neoplastic, 10 cases are inflammatory. Results: 5 yrs. under review (2011-2015) a total of 146 cases of CNS lesions were done histopathologically. 136 (93.16%) neoplastic cases, 10(6.84%) inflammatory cases. Among 10 CNS infections cases, fungal infections were of 5 (50%) cases, 4 cases (40%) were of granulomatous (Koch’s) aetiology. 1 (10%) case of Toxoplasmosis. Of the 136 cases of CNS neoplasms, 96 ...

Imaging of CNS Infections with Clinico-pathological Correlation

International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR], 2019

Introduction: CNS infections are an emerging health problem with poor prognosis if the treatment is not prompt and adequate. Thus, establishing a correct diagnosis is necessary to quickly start the appropriate treatment. This study was undertaken to study the etiology and the imaging spectrum of CNSI in and around western Uttar Pradesh in a tertiary health care set up and to correlate the neuro-imaging findings with clinic-pathological data. Material and Methods: In this Prospective Observational study 80 patients clinically suspected of CNS infection were studied by CT/MRI and the neuro imaging findings were correlated with clinical and CSF findings. Results: Based on clinical features, CSF findings, the treatment given and the response to treatment tuberculous infection (TBM) was most common infection (41.2%) followed by pyogenic meningitis (36.2%) and viral infection (22.5%). In 29 patients of pyogenic CNS infection most common imaging finding was leptomeningitis(62%) followed by pachymeningitis (31%), hydrocephalus (24.1%), abscess (6.8%), post vasculitic infarct(6.8%) and extra axial collection(6.8%). In 33 patients of tubercular CNS infection most common imaging finding was basal leptomeningitis (78.7%) followed by tuberculoma (72.7%), pachymeningitis (33.3%), hydrocephalus (27.2%), abscess (12.1%), post vasculitis infarct (12.1%) and spinal cord involvement in 1 (3%) patient. In the 18 viral CNS infection cases most common imaging finding was parenchymal hyperintensity on MRI or hypodensity on CT with/without peripheral vasogenic edema (94.4%) followed by leptomeningeal/pachymeningeal involvement (61.1%) and post vasculitis infarct (11.1%). Conclusion: The sensitivity of neuroimaging in pyogenic CNS infection was 81.2% and specificity was 93.7% while sensitivity of neuroimaging in tubercular CNS infection was 88.8% and specificity was 97.8% and in viral CNS infection sensitivity was 84.2% and specificity was 96.7%. There was significant association (p value <0.05) of basal leptomeningitis and granulomas on imaging with tubercular infection and parenchymal signal changes with viral infections.

Neuroimaging Findings in Rare Amebic Infections of the Central Nervous System

2000

Summary: The imaging findings in a case of panamebic menin- goencephalitis and in a case of granulomatous amebic enceph- alitis, two rare infections of the central nervous system caused by amebae, are presented and the world literature is reviewed. The brain CT findings in panamebic meningoencephalitis are nonspecific; our case showed diffuse edema. In the case of granulomatous amebic encephalitis,