2007 Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension ( … (original) (raw)

2007 ESH‐ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension

Blood Pressure, 2007

Table 2 Factors influencing prognosis Risk factors Subclinical Organ Damage Systolic and diastolic BP levels Electrocardiographic LVH (Sokolow-Lyon > 38 mm; Cornell > 2440 mm M ms) or: Levels of pulse pressure (in the elderly) Echocardiographic LVH8 (LVMI M ! 125 g/m 2 , W ! 110 g/m 2 ) Age (M > 55 years; W > 65 years) Carotid wall thickening (IMT > 0.9 mm) or plaque Smoking Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity >12 m/s Dyslipidaemia Ankle/brachial BP index < 0.9 -TC > 5.0 mmol/l (190 mg/dl) or:

Am J Hypertension.pdf

The first-degree relatives (FDRs) of persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus have been reported to have higher risk of developing insulin resistance and diabetes than the general population. 1,2 There are also reports of increased cardiovascular (CV) risks and prevalence of CV diseases in this high-risk population. The pathophysiologic mechanisms that predispose these high-risk subjects to CV risks have not been precisely elucidated. Recently we have reported the contribution of sympathovagal imbalance (SVI) to CV risks in FDRs of type 2 diabetics. 5 Previous reports indicate sex difference in pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, severity, and vulnerability to complication in diabetes. Our report suggests significant alteration in energy homeostasis and increased susceptibility to insulin resistance in male rats compared with female rats after ventromedial hypothalamus lesion obesity. 10 There are reports of sexual dimorphism in glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and insulin resistance. There is also report of sex difference in CV risks, with men more susceptible to CV diseases. 14 It was reported that sex difference in incidence of CV disease background Although cardiovascular (CV) risks are reported in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of type 2 diabetics, effects of gender on sympathovagal imbalance (SVI) and CV risks in these subjects have not been investigated.