Electrocardiographic changes in "elite" athletes (original) (raw)
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Incidence of sports injuries in elite competitive and recreational windsurfers
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2006
To investigate the incidence of injury in windsurfing and to consider methods of prevention. Methods: A total of 107 raceboard (RB) and wave/slalom (WS) national/international competitors and recreational (REC) windsurfers completed a questionnaire on injury incidence over two years. Recurrent injury, ability level, and any preventive measures taken were noted. Results: Overall the injury incidence was 1.5/person/year. The WS group suffered more injuries (2.0/ person/year) than the RB (1.0) or REC (1.2) group. The most common injury was muscle strain at 35% of new injuries, much higher than in earlier studies. Overall 45% of new injuries were muscle/tendon strains (RB 55%, WS 42%, and REC 43%) and 8% were ligament sprains. In the WS group cuts and abrasions were common. The WS and REC groups reported five and one case of concussion respectively. Nearly a quarter (22%) of new lower body injuries were lower back muscular strain, with 34% of recurrent injuries. Approximately 60% of the remaining lower body soft tissue injuries involved the knee or lower leg, with the ankle/foot most often involved. The shoulder, upper arm, and elbow were the sites of 41% of new upper body soft tissue injuries. The WS group reported 250% more recurrent muscular strains than the RB group. Recurrent ligament injuries (particularly knee) were most common in the WS group. The RB group reported recurrent serious bruising to the lower leg. Conclusion: The injury incidence was 1.5/person/year with a high incidence of new and recurrent muscular strain. Lower back muscular strain was prevalent, indicating the need for preventive measures. Wave/slalom was associated with more new and recurrent injuries and the need for head protection.
Water skiing is a sport of established popularity with an estimated 8.4 million participants. 30 Wakeboarding, a relatively new water sport combining water skiing and snow-boarding, has experienced a 49% increase in participation during the past 5 years to an estimated 3.4 million participants. 30 The risk for injury is high in both sports, with rapid acceleration up to 35 mph, lack of protective gear, and waterway obstacles such as towlines, boat propellers, and other skiers. To date, the majority of research has focused on water skiing and has shown an association with multiple injury types, Background: Water skiing and wakeboarding are popular sports with high potential for injury due to rapid boat acceleration, lack of protective gear, and waterway obstacles. However, trends in water skiing– and wakeboarding-related injuries in the United States have not been described using national data.
Epidemiology of injuries in adventure racing athletes
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2004
Objectives: To assess the demographics and training characteristics of adventure racing athletes in the United Kingdom, the prevalence and anatomical distribution of hazardous encounter, and overuse injury in this population, and the effects these injuries have on training. Methods: A retrospective training and injury questionnaire for the previous 18 months was distributed to 300 adventure racing athletes at two national race meetings. The definition of an injury was ''any musculoskeletal problem causing a stop in training for at least one day, reduction in training mileage, taking of medicine, or seeking of medical aid.'' Results: The data were derived from the responses of 223 athletes. Advanced level athletes did 11 (4) sessions and 17 (8) hours of training a week (mean (SD)). An injury was reported in the previous 18 months by 73% of the respondents. The most common site of acute injury was the ankle (23%) and of chronic/overuse injury, the knee (30%), followed by the lower back, shin, and Achilles tendon (12% each). There were significant correlations (p,0.01) between the hours spent cycling per week and number of acute injuries, and between the number of days off per week and number of chronic/overuse injuries. Injuries resulted in an average of 23 days training cessation or reduction. Conclusions: Acute injuries were sustained mainly as a result of the nature of the terrain over which athletes train and compete. In overuse injuries lack of adequate rest days was a significant contributing factor. Only a small proportion of training time was spent developing flexibility and core stability.
Data from a nationwide registry on sports-related sudden cardiac deaths in Germany
European journal of preventive cardiology, 2015
Prospective national registries examining the incidence and aetiology of sports-related sudden cardiac death (SrSCD) not only in competitive athletes but also in recreational sports participants are uncommon. In May 2012, a prospective registry on SrSCD was installed to examine the incidence and particularly the aetiology of such events in the general population in Germany. The registry consists of a web-based platform to record SrSCD cases. Media-monitoring and cooperation with 15 institutes of forensic medicine complemented the search. SrSCD was defined as death occurring during sports activity or up to 1 hour after its cessation, regardless of successful resuscitation. We included subjects at all levels of competition as well as recreational athletes. After 30 months of observation, 144 SrSCDs were recorded (mean age 46.8 ± 16.2 years). The overall incidence was 1.2-1.5/million/year, with 97% being male. Most of the cases occurred in the context of non-elite competitive or recrea...
An Updated Review of the Epidemiology of Swimming Injuries
PM&R, 2020
ObjectiveTo carry out a systematic review to update the scientific evidence on the incidence and prevalence of injuries in the swimming discipline, as well as the location, type, and mechanism of the injuries, and to assess whether studies are meeting methodological recommendations for data collection and injury surveillance.TypeAnalytical‐Systematic review.Literature SurveyThe databases of PubMed and Sportdiscus were used to search for studies that describe the epidemiology of injuries in adult swimmers between 2010 and March 2020.MethodologyOf the 864 articles identified, 14 studies were finally included in this review. The methodological quality of the studies was analyzed with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) scale and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.SynthesisThe results showed a high prevalence of shoulder, knee, and lower back injuries among swimmers due to ove...
American Heart Journal, 2015
We sought to evaluate frequency, characteristics, and outcomes of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) during sports activities according to the location of occurrence (in sports facilities vs those occurring outside of sports facilities). This is an observational 5-year prospective national French survey of subjects 10 to 75 years old presenting with SCA during sports (2005-2010), in 60 French administrative regions (covering a population of 35 million people). Of the 820 SCA during sports, 426 SCAs (52%) occurred in sports facilities. Overall, a substantially higher survival rate at hospital discharge was observed among SCA in sports facilities (22.8%, 95% CI 18.8-26.8) compared to those occurring outside (8.0%, 95% CI 5.3-10.7) (P < .0001). Patients with SCA in sports facilities were younger (42.1 vs 51.3 years, P < .0001) and less frequently had known cardiovascular diseases (P < .0001). The events were more often witnessed (99.8% vs 84.9%, 0.0001), and bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation was more frequently initiated (35.4% vs 25.9%, P = .003). Delays of intervention were significantly shorter when SCA occurred in sports facilities (9.3 vs 13.6, P=0.03), and the proportion of initially shockable rhythm was higher (58.8% vs 33.1%, P < .0001). Better survival in sports facilities was mainly explained by concomitant circumstances of occurrence (adjusted odds ratio 1.48, 95% CI 0.88-2.49, P = .134). Sports-related SCA is not a homogeneous entity. The 3-fold higher survival rate reported among sports-related SCA is mainly due to cases that occur in sports facilities, whereas SCA during sports occurring outside of sports facilities has the usual very low rate of survival.
British journal of sports medicine, 2015
Injury and illness surveillance is the foundation for the development of prevention strategies. To examine injuries among the aquatic disciplines in the 4 weeks prior to and during the 2013 FINA World Championships. The study was comprised of two components: (1) a retrospective athlete survey recording injuries in the 4 weeks prior to the Championships and (2) a prospective recording of injuries and illnesses by the medical teams of the participating countries and the local host medical team. One-third of the 1116 responding athletes reported an injury/physical complaint in the 4 weeks prior to the Championships. Significantly more women (36.7%) than men (28.6%) reported injuries. Divers reported the highest rate of injury/physical complaints (55.7%). At the start of the Championships, 70% of injured respondents (n=258) were still symptomatic; however, full participation was expected by 76%. During the Championships, 186 new injuries were reported (8.3/100 registered athletes) with ...