Layout and operation of a non-contact charging system for electric vehicles (original) (raw)
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The EVIAC ("Electric Vehicle Inductive Automatic Charging") research project, supported by the European Union, has been aimed to fix the optimising friendliness of inductive charging systems with automatic connection (i.e. without driver intervention apart from parking the vehicle). The comparative assessment of several distinct technological solutions for automatic inductive charging has allowed to realise an application-oriented approach of these issues. The paper presents the various aspects of these systems, highlighting issues such as energy consumption, operational characteristics and electromagnetical compatibility. A particular interest will be devoted to the trade-off between a number of aspects and design goals (energy efficiency, user friendliness, …) which will lead to the optimisation of design in function of the application needs. The paper also focuses the different aspects related with standardisation and regulation of this type of technology. EVIAC made clear that inductive charging technology has got the potential to be developed into a product which is both safe, technically reliable and economically feasible. It allows the presentation of a global overview of current European research into inductive charging technology and its potential to open up the market for electric vehicles to a number of application domains where the current manual connection systems are presenting too much constraints.
Concept Evaluation of an Inductive Charging System for Electric Vehicles
For the user acceptance of electric vehicles a simple, reliable and safe charging process is essential. An inductive charging system can fulfill this requirement and therefore contributes to the market integration of electric vehicles. This paper presents the results of the project "W-Charge" in which a contactless inductive charging system has been developed and evaluated.
From Wired to In-Moving Charging of the Electric Vehicles
2014
In present years, the deployment of electric vehicles is arisen globally due to the stressing of the environmental concerns and the demand of energy-efficient road transportation. This paper deals with the battery charging technologies for electric vehicles, giving an overview on their evolutionary process. At first, the wired technology is reviewed and the main existing standards on it (charging modes, connection cases and plug types) are presented. Then the wireless power transfer technology is illustrated, showing the convenience of the resonant coupling topologies in increasing the power transfer efficiency. At last, the in-moving technology is introduced and the preliminary studies on it are addressed.
DYNAMIC CHARGING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES
IRJET, 2022
The introduction and production of electric vehicles have created a major impact on automobile sector. Electric vehicles provide more cost efficient and sustainable solution for energy consumption and to reduce the amount of pollution. Establishing accessible and robust network of charging infrastructure is an essential pre requisite in transition from conventional to Electric vehicles. The proposed project aims at providing an alternate charging method of electric vehicles through wireless power transfer implemented through inductive power transfer technology. The proposed system works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The implementation of the system is done by interfacing components like transmission and receiving coils, power electronic devices that form the transmission and receiving circuit. On practical implementation on roads this system requires specially designed roads with energized coils buried underneath. Electric vehicles in general take a considerably long charging time when compared to conventional vehicles. The proposed method aims to reduce the constraint in charging time and also to provide a future without needing to stop or search resources to charge the vehicle. Prototype of the proposed charging method was developed to simulate and analyze the Rate of charging of batteries and efficiency of this method compared to the solutions available.
On Road Charging of Electric Vehicle
2020
In recent years with the rapid development of the electrical vehicle (EV) of new energy industry, higher requirements are put forward for convenience, safety and reliability of the charging of electric vehicles. Contactless Power Transfer (CPT) systems are applicable for charging electric vehicles (EVs) without any physical interconnection. These systems can be installed on roadways in order to charge the vehicles while driving. The implementation of such on-road charging systems in order to extend the driving range and decrease the EV battery size is investigated in this paper. The percentage of road that should be covered and the power transfer capability of the system are estimated. Some design considerations, such as the distribution and the length of the CPT segments over the road, are explained. Finally, the total power demand for all the passing-by vehicles using the system is calculated and the possibility of powering the EVs directly from renewable energy sources is discussed.
An Overview of Dynamic Inductive Charging for Electric Vehicles
Energies
Inductive power transfer (IPT) technology offers a promising solution for electric vehicle (EV) charging. It permits an EV to charge its energy storage system without any physical connections using magnetic coupling between inductive coils. EV inductive charging is an exemplary option due to the related merits such as: automatic operation, safety in harsh climatic conditions, interoperability, and flexibility. There are three visions to realize wireless EV charging: (i) static, in which charging occurs while EV is in long-term parking; (ii) dynamic (in-motion), which happens when EV is moving at high speed; and (iii) quasi-dynamic, which can occur when EV is at transient stops or driving at low speed. This paper introduces an extensive review for IPT systems in dynamic EV charging. It offers the state-of-the-art of transmitter design, including magnetic structure and supply arrangement. It explores and summarizes various types of compensation networks, power converters, and control ...
Inductive Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles: Potential Benefits for the Distribution Grid
Proceedings of IEEE Electric Vehicle Conference, 2012
It is believed that the latest advances in battery and converter technology, along with government mandates on energy independence and resilience, will pave the way for higher deployment of electric vehicles in the transportation fleet. These vehicles, when equipped with bidirectional energy transfer capabilities, can function as mobile energy resources and be utilized in a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) scheme to temporarily inject energy back into the power grid. The forecasted increase in the number of these vehicles can turn them into a considerable energy resource to be used by the utilities as ancillary services or even for long-term integration with the grid. The energy injection into the power system by electric vehicles has been investigated in the literature for charging stations or single residential charging devices. The need for the vehicle to be stationary during the transfer, and the possible drive and/or change in the driving route in order to go the station are some of the hurdles that may lead to inconvenience and hence lower V2G participation by the vehicle drivers. Moreover, the need for an electrical connection between the vehicle and the station makes implementing remote supervisory control schemes difficult, if not impractical. However, with the advent of inductive charging systems for contactless transfer of energy, new horizons have been opened for seamless integration of these resources of energy into the distribution grid. This paper focuses on the applications of inductive power transfer systems for V2G purposes in the modern distribution grid. It will be shown here that such a scheme could potentially allow for supervisory control and management of the mobile energy resources with the ultimate goal of improving the reliability and security of the power grid without the need for capacity expansion.
Inductive Power Transfer for Charging the Electric Vehicle Batteries
ELECTROTEHNICĂ, ELECTRONICĂ, AUTOMATICĂ (EEA), 2018
Wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies have been developing rapidly in recent years. Advances in technology make WPT widely used in many applications. Electric vehicle (EV) contactless charging is an important application of WPT. Broadly, WPT categorized into radiative and non-radiative power transfer. Radiative power transfer is transmitting high power density, which is unsafe for humans when it is been used for EVs charging. So, only nonradiative power transfer technologies have been using to charge the batteries. Non-radiative power transfer includes inductive power transfer (IPT) and capacitive power transfer (CPT). Inductive charging technology is based on IPT. This paper covers a comprehensive review of an inductive charging system for EVs batteries. Operation principles, equivalent circuits modelling and power transfer requirements are presented. Some system design problems are also presented. Several compensation technologies and coil shape designs proposed to enhance inductive charging performance are also described. However, the air-gap between a charger and an EV, and the magnetic coupling between them are an area of concern. The stationary and dynamic charging methodologies have discussed briefly in this research. The most challenges and limitations of contactless EVs charging have been described in terms of: battery capacity, power level, air-gap, mileage, misalignment tolerance, efficiency, and interoperability. However, battery capacity can be enhanced by dynamic charging, the power level can be controlled, while some other limitations can be improved as discussed in this paper.
Inductive power transfer for massive electric vehicle charging by single phase inverter
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCE RESEARCH, IDEAS AND INNOVATIONS IN TECHNOLOGY
The studies for the Hybrid Electrical Vehicle (HEV) have attracted considerable attention because of the necessity of developing alternative methods to generate energy for vehicles due to limited fuel-based energy, global warming and exhaust emission limits in the last century. Charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EV) will be the key factor for ensuring a smooth transition to e-mobility. This paper focuses on charging technologies that will play a fundamental role in this regard: smart charging, contactless charging and on-road charging of EVs. Smart charging of EVs is expected to enable larger penetration of EVs and renewable energy, lower the charging cost and offer better utilization of the grid infrastructure. On the other hand, stationary contactless charging and on-road inductive charging of EV will remove the necessity for any cables, eliminate range anxiety issues and pave the way for automated driving. The electromagnetic and power converter design for contactless power transfer systems for future highways is reviewed in this paper. Contactless charging is also known as wireless charging. Wireless power transfer works on the Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) principle, as found in the conventional transformers. An IPT charging method suitable for charging massive EBs is proposed to achieve Constant Current (CC) and Constant Voltage (CV) output with feedback control strategies or communication link between the transmitter side and receiver side. Two AC Switches (ACSs) and an auxiliary capacitor utilized at the receiver side are employed to be operated once to change the charging modes from CC mode to CV mode.