Sprinting performance on the Woodway Curve 3.0(TM) is related to muscle architecture (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2014
The relationships between 30-m sprint time and performance on a nonmotorized treadmill (TM) test and a vertical jump test were determined in this investigation. Seventy-eight physically active men and women (22.9 6 2.7 years; 73.0 6 14.7 kg; 170.7 6 10.4 cm) performed a 30-second maximal sprint on the curve nonmotorized TM after 1 familiarization trial. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients produced significant (p # 0.05) moderate to very strong relationships between 30-m sprint time and body mass (r = 20.37), %fat (r = 0.79), peak power (PP) (r = 20.59), relative PP (r = 20.42), time to peak velocity (r = 20.23) and TM sprint times at 10 m (r = 0.48), 20 m (r = 0.59), 30 m (r = 0.67), 40 m (r = 0.71), and 50 m (r = 0.75). Strong relationships between 30-m sprint time and peak (r = 20.479) and mean vertical jump power (r = 20.559) were also observed. Subsequently, stepwise regression was used to produce two 30-m sprint time prediction models from TM performance (TM1: body mass + TM data and TM2: body composition + TM data) in a validation group (n = 39), and then crossvalidated against another group (n = 39). As no significant differences were observed between these groups, data were combined (n = 72) and used to create the final prediction models (TM1: r 2 = 0.75, standard error of the estimate (SEE) = 0.27 seconds; TM2: r 2 = 0.84, SEE = 0.22 seconds). These final movementspecific models seem to be more accurate in predicting 30-m sprint time than derived peak (r 2 = 0.23, SEE = 0.48 seconds) and mean vertical jump power (r 2 = 0.31, SEE = 0.45 seconds) equations. Consequently, sprinting performance on the TM can significantly predict short-distance sprint time. It, therefore, may be used to obtain movement-specific measures of sprinting force, velocity, and power in a controlled environment from a single 30-second maximal sprinting test.
Muscle activity during locomotion in various inclination surfaces and different running speeds
2018
During dynamic activities – walking, jogging and running, muscular function is affected by running techniques and foot strike patterns, inclined surfaces and running speed. In order to assess muscle function during these activities, most studies examine certain muscles such as tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius (lateral and medial), soleus, rectus femoris, vastus (medialis and lateralis), hamstrings (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus), and gluteus. These muscles are commonly selected because they provide supportive and propulsive forces during running. Results of these studies may conclude to special training programs for runners in order to improve their performance.
Physical Education of Students
Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the acute responses to repeated sprints on a non-motorized treadmill on dominant leg (DL) and non-dominant leg (NDL) sprint parameters. Material and Methods. Volunteered students from Sports Sciences Faculty were randomly divided into experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). As pre- and post-tests, each participant performed 30m sprint test on a non-motorized treadmill. There were 6x20m with 1min on a non-motorized treadmill as repetitive sprints. As a statistical analysis, whether there is pre-test and post-test differences were analysed with independent t test between the groups and paired t test within the groups. The level of significance was taken as p≤0.05. Results. In comparisons within the groups, both groups had significant pre- and post-test differences in parameters of time (t), velocity (V), and power (P) [for EG, p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.001; for CG, p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.01, re...
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2020
Purpose We determined whether running mechanics and leg muscle activity patterns for pre-activation (50 ms prior to foot contact) and loading (first half, second half and entire stance) phases vary between early, late and entire acceleration phases during repeated treadmill sprints. Methods Ten male athletes performed three sets of five 5-s sprint accelerations (25-s and 3-min recovery between sprints and sets, respectively) on an instrumented treadmill. Ground reaction forces and surface EMG data (root mean square values of vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis and tibialis anterior muscles of the right leg) corresponding to early, late and entire acceleration (steps 2, 4 and 6; steps 8, 10 and 12; and all steps, respectively) have been compared. Results Independently of fatigue, vertical and horizontal forces, contact time, step length, and step frequency differed as running velocity increased over different sprint acceleration sections (all P < 0.05). For pre-activation, first half, second half and entire stance phases taken separately, each of the six studied muscles displayed specific main sprint number and analysis section effects (all P < 0.05). However, there was in general no significant interaction between sprint number and analysis section (all P > 0.27). Conclusion During repeated treadmill sprints, ground reaction force variables and leg muscle activity patterns can vary between early, late and entire acceleration phases. Identification of neuro-mechanical adjustments across the gait cycle with fatigue, however, did not differ when considering all steps or only a few steps during the early or late acceleration phases.
Sex differences in thigh muscle volumes sprint performance and mechanical properties. Nuell
The purpose of this study was to determine and compare thigh muscle volumes (MVs), and sprint mechanical properties and performance between male and female national-level sprinters. We also studied possible relationships between thigh MVs and sprint performance. Nine male and eight female national-level sprinters participated in the study. T1-weighted magnetic resonance images of the thighs were obtained to determine MVs of quadriceps, hamstrings and adductors. Sprint performance was measured as the time to cover 40 and 80 m. Instantaneous sprint velocity was measured by radar to obtain theoretical maximum force (F0), theoretical maximum velocity (V0) and maximum power (Pmax). When MVs were normalized by height-mass, males showed larger hamstrings (13.5%, ES = 1.26, P < 0.05) compared with females, while quadriceps and adductors showed no statistically significant differences. Males were extremely faster than females in 40 m (14%, ES = 6.68, P < 0.001) and in 80 m (15%, ES = 5.01, P < 0.001. Males also showed increased sprint mechanical properties, with larger F 0 (19%, ES = 1.98, P < 0.01), much larger P max (46%, ES = 3.76, P < 0.001), and extremely larger V 0 (23%, ES = 6.97, P < 0.001). With the pooled data, hamstring and adductor MVs correlated strongly (r = -0.685, P < 0.01) and moderately (r = -0.530, P < 0.05), respectively, with sprint performance; while quadriceps showed no association. The sex-stratified analysis showed weaker associations compared with pooled data, most likely due to small sample size. In conclusion, males were faster than females and showed larger MVs, especially in hamstrings. Moreover, regarding the thigh muscles, hamstrings MV seems the most related with sprint performance as previously proposed.
Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 2015
We compared different approaches to analyze running mechanics alterations during repeated treadmill sprints. Thirteen active male athletes performed five 5-second sprints with 25 seconds of recovery on an instrumented treadmill. This approach allowed continuous measurement of running kinetics/kinematics and calculation of vertical and leg stiffness variables that were subsequently averaged over 3 distinct sections of the 5-second sprint (steps 2–5, 7–10, and 12–15) and for all steps (steps 2–15). Independently from the analyzed section, propulsive power and step frequency decreased with fatigue, while contact time and step length increased (P < .05). Except for step frequency, all mechanical variables varied (P < .05) across sprint sections. The only parameters that highly depend on running velocity (propulsive power and vertical stiffness) showed a significant interaction (P < .05) between the analyzed sections, with smaller magnitude of fatigue-induced change observed for...
Maximal unilateral leg strength correlates with linear sprint and change of direction speed
2012
Title (in English) Maximal unilateral leg strength correlates with linear sprint and change of direction speed Title (pa svenska) Maximal enbensstyrka korrelerar med linjar sprint och snabbhet i riktningsforandringar Author (s): Arin, A., Jansson, D. & Skarphagen, K. Institute: Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science University of Goteborg P.O Box 300 S-405 30 Goteborg SWEDEN Essay: xx ECTS Programme/course: Sports Coaching Level: Basic Semester/year: Vt/2012 Tutor: Jesper Augustsson Nr. in serie: xx (ifylles ej av studenten/studenterna)
Journal of Human Kinetics, 2021
The purpose of this study was to assess whether peak surface electromyography (sEMG) amplitude of selected lower limb muscles differed during a) curve and straight sprinting, b) sprinting in inside and outside lanes between lower limbs. Eleven well-trained female sprinters (personal best: 24.1 ± 1.1 s) were included in a randomized within-subject design study, in which participants underwent two experimental conditions: all-out 200 m indoor sprints in the innermost and outermost lane. Peak sEMG amplitude was recorded bilaterally from gastrocnemius medialis, biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, tibialis anterior, and vastus lateralis muscles. Left gastrocnemius medialis peak sEMG amplitude was significantly higher than for the right leg muscle during curve (p = 0.011) and straight sprinting (p < 0.001) when sprinting in the inside lane, and also significantly higher when sprinting in the inside vs. outside lane for both curve and straight sprinting (p = 0.037 and p = 0.027, respective...
Changes in running mechanics over 100-m, 200-m and 400-m treadmill sprints
Journal of Biomechanics, 2016
Compare alterations in running mechanics during maximal treadmill sprints of different distances. Methods: Eleven physically active males performed short (100-m), medium (200-m) and long (400-m) running sprints on an instrumented treadmill. Continuous measurement of running kinetics/kinematics and spring-mass characteristics were recorded and values subsequently averaged over every 50-m distance intervals for comparison. Results: Compared with the initial 50 m, running velocity decreased (P < 0.001) by 8±2%, 20±4% and 39±7% at the end of the 100, 200 and 400-m, respectively. All sprint distances (except for step length in the 100-m) induced significantly longer (P < 0.05) contact times (+7±4%, +22±8% and +36±13%) and lower step lengths (-1±4%,-5±5% and-41±2%) and frequencies (-6±3%,-13±7% and-22±8%) at the end of the 100-m, 200-m and 400-m, respectively. Larger reductions in ground reaction forces occurred in horizontal versus vertical direction, with greater changes with increasing sprinting distance (P < 0.05). Similarly, the magnitude of decrement in vertical stiffness increased with sprint distance (P < 0.05), while leg stiffness decreases were smaller and limited to 200-m and 400-m runs. Overall, we observed earlier and larger alterations for the 400-m compared with other distances. Conclusions: The magnitude of changes in running velocity and mechanics over short (100m), medium (200-m) and long (400-m) treadmill sprints increases with sprint distance. The alterations in stride mechanics occur relatively earlier during the 400-m compared with the 100-m and 200-m runs.