Artisanal fishery versus port activity in southern Brazil (original) (raw)
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Rethinking Marine Resource Management and the Livelihoods of Artisanal Fishers
Tanzania Journal of Sociology
There are many initiatives, programs and projects based on fishing resource management and improvement of fishing communities. Indeed, all are trying to introduce new forms of fishing as way of improving the marine industry. Nonetheless, there are many things that are either missing or misrepresented in explaining marine resources, especially fishing industry management and subsequent artisanal fishermen’s livelihoods. Because such programs are incompatible and inapplicable, instead of conserving the ocean, they have implications for lives of artisanal fishers and their communities, as the activities displace them so as to access and use the ocean. The study was conducted through qualitative research approach, guided by in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observation, and documentary review. The participants were artisanal fishers, their leaders and some government officials. The study employing the Harvey’s concept of accumulation by dispossession as a new form of accumul...
2012
In 1998, the government shifted a large part of the responsibilities of the fisheries sector from the IBAMA to the Ministry of Agriculture, constituting the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture-DPA, leading to duplication of responsibility and thus more confusion in the sector. The new Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture is under the influence of the industrial fisheries sector, and is mainly concerned with the leasing of foreign boats for tuna fishing, ignoring important aspects like the establishment of a new fishing policy. This work intends, besides making an analysis of the situation of artisanal fisheries, to put forth some alternative strategies for the development of the sector, to non-governmental organisations and to the regional and national organisations of artisanal fishworkers. 4 4 Restingas (sand barrier) "Restingas" are found along the Brazilian coast in Marambaia (Rio de Janeiro), Ilha do Cardoso and Ilha Comprida (São Paulo), Guarapari (Espírito Santo) and São José do Norte (Rio Grande do Sul). Coastal ecosystems are utilised by artisanal fishers. Jangadas, a type of raft, are used in the Northeast and the fishermen in the south-southeast use small boats of about 8 meter length, with an in board motor, many times used in the trawling of the setebarbas shrimp (xiphopenaeus kroyeri) a variety of shrimp. Open Ocean, Deep Sea, Upwellings On the Brazilian coast, areas of upwelling are rare due to stratification of the water masses that prevents the surface layers from receiving nutrients from bottom layers. The main exception is areas of upwelling in the Cabo Frio region (near Rio de Janeiro). These ecosystems are used particularly by the industrial fleet in tuna and related species fishing. 1.2. Degradation of the coastal ecosystems and its impact on artisanal fishing While the traditional use of the coastal ecosystems, as in artisanal fishing, has little effect on the natural resources, the more recent utilisation of these ecosystems has intensified the degradation of these environments considerably, generally in places where there is urban-industrial activity. The artisanal fishers use almost all these ecosystems and their contamination, has been of grave consequence to the productivity of the sector and the quality of life of the coastal communities.
Paraná, a South Brazilian state, has a spectacular coast with coves, bays and islands. From the state coast, 90 kilometers are bathed by the Atlantic Ocean and along the coast, 60 communities with a population of 4256 fishermen practice a traditional fishing activity in the bays and open sea. Canoe is the most used boat in this small-scale trade. The question that aimed the research was the importance of the canoe fishing activity by the fishermen perception, then trace an elaborated understanding view about the social and economic effects and finally observe the potential development of the activity in the region and the management and helpful actions by the fishing associations. An exploratory and descriptive field research were conducted by Interviews specially targeted to 30 canoe fisherworkers from Paraná coast cities between July and October 2018 for the study.The research exposed that male fisherworkers are in the 44 age group and still use low technology in the fishing activity. The main potential observed was the good quality of the fish that are sold fresh without being frozed to be sold, the possibility of a production improvement and the exploit and development of an active participation from the female local labour helping. Sale instability, low price out of the summer season and lack of organization by the fisherworkers class and fishing local association were the negative aspects observed. Micro management and micro industrialization could be the solution for the excess of winter production in relation to low production in the summer season, when occurs massive consumers presence. Collective organization could result in a strenghthening trade and bargain involved in the fishing Paraná coast activity.
The socioenvironmental impacts of the economic development on the artisanal fishing
The reflection proposed in this article is based on researches reflecting about the issue of development in societies of late modernity, especially we focus on the case of Espirito Santo, a state in southeast of Brasil, Latin America. Our purpose is to analyze the socioenvironmental impacts caused by the development model implemented on the fishing communities of the coast region. Through a dialogic methodology and collecting testimonials (with audiovisual recording), we sought to reflect on the lives and work of these people, mainly regarding the environmental impacts that they have suffered in their localities due to the expansion of the large economic enterprises preventing their reproduction as a social group and neglecting their rights.
Public participation, artisanal fishers, and the implantation of a coastal megaproject
Sociedade & Natureza, 2013
The present study seeks to identify the perceptions of the marine artisanal fishers of the community of Farol de São Tomé in the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil, regarding the political decision-making process regulating the implantation of the Açu Superport Industrial Complex (ASIC). The marine artisanal fishery in this community may be threatened by the size and scope of the ASIC, which is to be the largest industrial port complex in Latin America. Data were gathered through interviews with open-ended questions conducted among 13 active marine fishers within the community of Farol de São Tomé. The results of the study indicate that although the fishers desired participation in the ASIC's licensing process, there were insufficient opportunities for such participation and that fishers are suspicious of the motives guiding decisions affecting their region. Fishers also predict adverse changes to their activities. In order to debate operational questions relating...
Artisanal fisheries production in the coastal zone of Itaipu, Niterói , RJ, Brazil
Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 2007
Artisanal fisheries in the coastal zone of Itaipu-RJ play an important role in the local market, but little is known about production and productivity of the fisheries. From April 2001 to March 2003, we monitored a total of 618 landings from the beach-seine (99), the gill nets ("corvineira" -331, "linguadeira" -40 and "rede alta" -25), the hook and line (98), the squid jigging (17), and the spear fishing and trap fisheries (five and three, respectively). The total monitored production was 21866 kg and the catch per unit effort (CPUE) 35.4 kg.trip -1 . Considering the number of effective fishing days and the average daily production per fishing gear, the annual production was estimated at 136687 kg (0.2% of the state's production in 2004). Predominant resources were: Micropogonias furnieri, Trichiurus lepturus, squids (Loligo spp.), clupeiform fishes (Sardinella brasiliensis, Cetengraulis edentulus, Pellona harrowerii and Harengula clupeola), Eucinostomus spp., Cynoscion spp., Menticirrhus spp., Caranx crysos and Selene setapinnis. The combined analysis using hierarchical and non-hierarchical classification methods, separated four fishing gears and five species groups, based on their similarity patterns, identifying gears that most effectively capture the different fish groups. The beach-seine was less selective and most productive fishery in the summer. The "corvineira" was the second most productive fishery with higher yields in the summer and fall. Catches of "linguadeira" included rays and Paralychthys spp., wherereas the "rede alta" caught primarily M. furnieri, Mugil spp. and sharks.
Marine Policy, 2008
One hundred and twenty-four fishing areas were identified and georeferenced according to fishermen's traditional ecological knowledge. Nearly 80% of the designations of the fishing areas were known by fishermen only and are registered for the first time. Fishermen identify fishing areas according to depth, wooden logs used to anchor fixed nets, gradation of water transparency, and traditional use of certain areas. This study reveals the richness of knowledge held by fishermen, it illustrates their solid straight relationship with the natural environment where they live, and shows the potential uses of TEK for fisheries management.