Prevalence of larvae of the bot fly Cuterebra simulans (Diptera, Oestridae) on Gracilinanus microtarsus (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) in southeastern Cerrado from Brazil (original) (raw)
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314 Cruz et al. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 53(2): 314–317, junho 2009
2015
Bot flies of the genus Cuterebra are restricted to the New World and are distributed throughout most of the temperate and tropical areas. Their larvae are obligatory parasites of mammals, producing myiasis in dermic and subdermic tissues of these animals (Catts 1982; Pape 2001). There is almost 70 species of Cuterebra and these flies are one of the most highly studied groups of insect parasites of New World wild mammals (Slansky 2007). However, the knowledge available on the ecology and natural history of most species comes from studies carried out in temperate regions (e.g. Wolf & Batzli 2001; Alcock & Kemp 2004; Jaffe et al. 2005). In the Neotropical region, the studies concerning the prevalence and dynamics of bot fly larval parasitism in wild mammals are scarce and have been carried out mainly with rodents. These studies have showed higher prevalence of bot fly larval parasitism in warm-wet season of the year, although few longitudinal studies Prevalence of larvae of the bot fly...
Mammalia, 2000
Myiases by cuterebrid botflies can compromise the reproductive activities and survival of the infected hosts. We examined the effects of parasitism by cuterebrid botflies (Metacuterebra apicalis) on the reproduction, survival and general health of the rice-rat, Oryzomys russatus. This study was carried out in an Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil from February, 1993 through January, 1995. The prevalence of botfly myiases in O. russatus was highly seasonal, increasing during the warm, humid months and decreasing during the cold, dry months. Male hosts were infected significantly more often than females, but our results suggests that the survival, general health and reproduction of O. russatus were not altered by the parasitism of M. apicalis. Resume.-Les myiases dues ä des Dipteres Cuterebrides peuvent compromettre la reproduction et la survie des hötes infestes. Nous examinons l'effet du parasitisme par ces mouches (Metacuterebra apicalis) sur la bonne sante generale & Oryzomys russatus. Cette etude a ete entreprise dans les forets atlantiques du sud-est du Bresil, de fevrier 1993 ä Janvier 1995. La prevalence de cette myiase chez O. russatus a ete nettement saisonniere, augmentant au cours des mois chauds et humides, et diminuant au cours des mois froids et sees. Les notes males ont ete infectes, de maniere significative, plus souvent que les femelies, mais nos resultats suggerent que la survie, la bonne sante generale et la reproduction de O. russatus n Ont pas ete alterees par ce parasitisme.
The impact of botfly parasitism on the health of the gracile mouse opossum (Gracilinanus agilis)
Parasitology, 2019
Fragmented habitats generally harbour small populations that are potentially more prone to local extinctions caused by biotic factors such as parasites. We evaluated the effects of botflies (Cuterebra apicalis) on naturally fragmented populations of the gracile mouse opossum (Gracilinanus agilis). We examined how sex, food supplementation experiment, season and daily climatic variables affected body condition and haemoglobin concentration in animals that were parasitized or not by botflies. Although parasitism did not affect body condition, haemoglobin concentrations were lower in parasitized animals. Among the non-parasitized individuals, haemoglobin concentration increased with the increase of maximum temperature and the decrease of relative humidity, a climatic pattern found at the peak of the dry season. However, among parasitized animals, the opposite relationship between haemoglobin concentration and relative humidity occurred, as a consequence of parasite-induced anaemia interacting with dehydration as an additional stressor. We conclude that it is critical to assess how climate affects animal health (through blood parameters) to understand the population consequences of parasitism on the survival of individuals and hence of small population viability.
The impact of botfly parasitism on the health of the gracile mouse opossum (Gracilinanus agilis)
Parasitology, 2019
Fragmented habitats generally harbour small populations that are potentially more prone to local extinctions caused by biotic factors such as parasites. We evaluated the effects of botflies (Cuterebra apicalis) on naturally fragmented populations of the gracile mouse opossum (Gracilinanus agilis). We examined how sex, food supplementation experiment, season and daily climatic variables affected body condition and haemoglobin concentration in animals that were parasitized or not by botflies. Although parasitism did not affect body condition, haemoglobin concentrations were lower in parasitized animals. Among the non-parasitized individuals, haemoglobin concentration increased with the increase of maximum temperature and the decrease of relative humidity, a climatic pattern found at the peak of the dry season. However, among parasitized animals, the opposite relationship between haemoglobin concentration and relative humidity occurred, as a consequence of parasite-induced anaemia inte...
2001
HAMADA N, GRILLET ME. 2001. Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of the Gran Sabana (Venezuela) and Pacaraima Region (Brazil): Distributional data and identification keys for larvae and pupae. Entomotropica Vol. 16(1):29-49. The present work provides distribution data and new identification keys to the larvae of 21 species of Simulium in the Gran Sabana region of southern Venezuela, including Canaima National Park. This work increases the black fly records in the area, providing the baseline needed for cytotaxonomic and ecological studies. Data were collected during three sampling periods (October 1996, February and October 1998) in Venezuela. Collections from the Pacaraima mountain region (Roraima, Brazil) on the Brazil-Venezuela border were also included. In the Gran Sabana the following species were collected: S. bipunctatum, S. cauchense, S. guianense s.l., S. goeldii, S. ignacioi, S. inaequale, S. incrustatum, S. iracouboense, S. kabanayense, S. lutzianum, S. maroniense, S. metallicum s.l., S. perflavum, S. quadrifidum, S. spinibranchium, S. suarezi and S. subpallidum. In Pacaraima the species were S. cauchense, S. covagarciai, S. lutzianum, S. maroniense, S. metallicum s.l., S. perflavum, S. rorotaense, S. rubrithorax and S. trombetense. Two new records are reported from southern Venezuela and Brazil: S. covagarciai and S. metallicum s.l. Simulium metallicum cytotype E in northern Venezuela, and S. guianense s.l. and S. incrustatum in southern Venezuela/northern Brazil are associated with onchocerciasis transmission. Future studies in the area will be necessary to determine cytotypes present and their biting behaviour.
Ardeola, 2015
We studied the parasitism of the exotic European starling Sturnus vulgaris by native botflies Philornis spp. in Argentina. We installed thirty nest boxes in the northeastern Buenos Aires province in the 2010-2011 breeding season. In the first brood, subcutaneous larvae of Philornis (Muscidae) parasitised 34 nestlings (89.4%) of 11 clutches (91.6%) and only three nestlings fledged. In the second brood, Philornis parasitised 15 (48.3%) nestlings of seven clutches (70%) and all the nestlings died. Compared to the mortality of other Neotropical birds parasitised by Philornis, the mortality in European starling nests is the highest found in the region. Our results show that the studied population of European starling suffers a high level of parasitism by Philornis, although this factor was not directly associated with the high mortality of starling nestlings. The fact that most non-parasitised nestlings also died indicates that other factors are also affecting nestling survival. Experiments that allow us to isolate the effect of Philornis from other variables would be needed to evaluate the impact of botfly larvae on starling nestlings.
Revista Brasileira de Entomologia
Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are important pests that affect the fruit-growing worldwide. In the northeastern Brazil, where a semiarid climate predominates and the production of tropical fruits for export is concentrated, some fruit flies, including Anastrepha spp. and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), are considered pests due to economic damage and quarantine restrictions. In several parts of the world, fruit fly population regulation is carried out with the support of hymenopteran parasitoids. In Brazil, some information exists about larval parasitoids of fruit flies, but little is known about pupal parasitoids of these tephritids, especially in Brazilian semiarid environments. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to know the pupal parasitoids associated with C. capitata in a semiarid environment in Brazil. The parasitoid survey was carried out in a semiarid region in the states of Rio do Norte and Ceará. To obtain the parasitoids, pupae (sentinels) of C. capitata from the laboratory, Applied Entomology Laboratory of Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, were exposed to natural parasitism in the field. Six parasitoid (Hymenoptera) species were obtained: Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani), Spalangia simplex Perkins, Spalangia gemina Boucek, Spalangia leiopleura Gibson, and Spalangia impunctata Howard (Pteromalidae); Trichopria anastrephae Lima (Diapriidae). These are the first records of pupal parasitoids associated with the fruit fly C. capitata in Brazil.
Journal of Vector Ecology, 2007
In the state of Rio Grande do Norte in northeast Brazil, cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) occur mainly in the periurban areas of the city of Natal. Lut�omyia longipalpis Lutz & Neiva 1912 (Diptera: Psychodidae), a vector of Leishmania chagasi (Protozoa: Trypanosomatidae) to humans, is found throughout the state. Flora and fauna influence the distribution of sand fly species, whose horizontal or vertical stratification can be used as a parameter for identifying potential vectors, considering the presence of vertebrate hosts in the area. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the vertical stratification of phlebotomine sand flies in an endemic area of leishmaniasis in Rio Grande do Norte, and associate it with the presence of other animals in the peridomiciliary environment as well as to analyze, under laboratory conditions, aspects of L. longipalpis reproduction in wild females. The sand flies were captured with light traps hung at different heights in species of Atlantic Forest trees and in a peridomiciliary environment in animal shelters. The traps were placed between 17:30 and 6:00 of the following day, in a peridomiciliary and extradomiciliary area of a forest fragment in both dry and rainy months. In the extradomiciliary environment, the traps were installed at 1, 3 and 5 m above the ground. The biological cycle of L. longipalpis was followed from the eggs of 200 wild females. Specimens of L. lenti, L. walkeri, and L. migonei were captured. The comparison and statistical analysis showed that L. longipalpis is more abundant at a height of 3 m and L. evandroi at 1 m. In the animal shelters (chickens, horses, and armadillos), we captured mainly specimens of L. longipalpis and L. evandroi. The duration of the biological cycle of L. longipalpis was approximately 38 days at a temperature of 28° C.