Effects of acute Staphylococcus aureus infection on paraoxonase activity, thiol concentrations and ferric reducing ability of plasma in rabbits (original) (raw)
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Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 1993
Endogenous oxidation reactions are essential for the normal biochemistry of life and are especially critical for leukocyte microbial killing mechanisms in host defense to infectious diseases. However, reactive oxidative intermediates can damage normal tissues unless kept under antioxidant control. Three selected examples of oxidant-antioxidant systems involved in infectious diseases are discus sed, regulation of molecular iron catalyzed oxidations, superoxide scavengers and inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase in septic shock, and the use of glutathione replacement therapy in HIV infection and AIDS. The data suggest that antioxidants, and therapy based on increasing antioxidant potential, have a major impact on clinical infectious diseases.
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, 2012
Considerable evidence supports the presence of oxidative stress in cystic fibrosis (CF). The disease has long been associated with both increased production of reactive oxygen species and impaired antioxidant status, in particular during the chronic pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in CF. Guinea pigs are unable to synthesize ascorbate (ASC) or vitamin C, a major antioxidant of the lung, and thus like human beings rely on its presence in the diet. On this basis, guinea pigs receiving ASC-deficient diet have been used as a model of oxidative stress. The aim of our study was to investigate the consequences of a 7-day biofilm-grown P. aeruginosa lung infection in 3-month-old guinea pigs receiving either ASC-sufficient or ASC-deficient diet for at least 2 months. The animals receiving ASC-deficient diet showed significantly higher mortality during infection and increased respiratory burst of peripheral polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) compared with the animals receiving ASC sufficient diet. The inflammatory response at the site of lung infection consisted of PMNs and mononuclear leucocytes (MN), and higher PMN ⁄ MN ratios were present in animals on ASC-deficient diet compared with animals on ASC sufficient diet. Measurements of the ASC levels in the lung were significantly decreased in infected compared with non-infected animals. Interestingly, the infection by itself decreased the antioxidant capacity of the plasma (measured as plasma oxidizability) more than the ASC-deficient diet, suggesting a high consumption of the antioxidants during infection. Our data show that poor antioxidant status exacerbates the outcome of biofilm-related infections.
Decreased Total Antioxidant Capacity in Plasma, but Not Tissue, in Experimental Colitis
Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 2009
The aim of the present work was to compare colonic mucosa and plasmatic oxidative stress measured concomitantly and with different degrees of injury in rats with colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Three groups were studied: control group, colitis group, and colitis exacerbated by diclofenac. Enzymatic markers of colon injury showed enhanced activity in both groups with colitis. The colitis group treated with diclofenac presented higher colonic damage score than the other groups. In both groups with colitis, higher values of tert butyl hydroperoxide-initiated-chemiluminescence and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in tissue and decreased total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP) levels in plasma were found. In conclusion, independently of the degree of colonic mucosa injury and inflammation, oxidative stress in tissue occurs as a consequence of pro-oxidants increase, and is not explained by a reduction of antioxidant defenses. In both conditions, TRAP determination decreases in plasma, but not in tissue.
2017
The aim of this study is to determine serum paraoxonase activity (PON1), total sialic acid (TSA) concentration, total oxidant (TOS), antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) in cows with clinical mastitis. Fifty Simmental cows, who were 3 and 5 years old and in early lactation period, were used in the study. Blood samples were taken from the groups (Clinical mastitis group, n=30-Control group, n=20) and serum PON1, TSA concentration, and TOS and TAS levels were determined. PON1 activity, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and TAS levels were found to decrease inversely proportional to inflammation (P<0.001). In addition, TSA, TOS, and OSI levels were detected to increase due to clinical mastitis induced inflammation (P<0.001). In conclusion, it was seen that PON1 activity and TSA concentrations could be used for diagnostic purpose in cows with clinical mastitis. However, we are of the opinion that due to the fact that oxidant status increased but antioxidant status tended to decrease because of inflammation in mastitis, it could be useful to administer antioxidants in addition to treatment for such cases.
The work aimed to determine the state of lipid peroxidation products and the activity of the antioxidant system in cats with aseptic inflammation and purulent-inflammatory processes of varying severity. Materials and Methods: The intensity of the process of lipid peroxidation-antioxidant system processes in blood plasma was evaluated using commercial kits. The level of diene conjugates (DC), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the level of medium-weight molecules were determined from lipid peroxidation indices. The state of antioxidant protection was assessed by indicators of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CT), ceruloplasmin (CP) concentration, glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione reductase (GLR), and total antioxidant activity (AOA). Results: With aseptic inflammation in the blood of cats, a slow activation of peroxidation reactions occurred. The DC indicator increased by 1.4 times, the SOD level rose by 1.38 times, the amount of GLR by 1.04 times, and the activation of total AOA by 9.06. In sepsis, the values of DC, MDA, and medium-weight molecules increased by 4.4, 8.4, and 8.8 times, respectively. With abscesses in the blood of cats, an increase in CT, CP, and GLR is observed against a background of a decrease in glutathione peroxidase. With purulent wounds, the total AOA of plasma increases by 2.5 times; with abscesses, the total AOA increases by 1.9 times, and with sepsis, it decreases by 1.5 times. Conclusion: With surgical infections in cats, deep biochemical changes or irreversible biochemical changes (in sepsis) occur that indicate a significantly enhanced catabolic orientation of metabolic processes and the accumulation of toxic metabolites, which leads to damage and a decrease in tissue regenerative capacity.
2021
The aim of this study was to investigate effect of Staphylococcus aureus on oxidative stress status (TAS, TOS, OSI), immune system (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), and mineral (Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Na and Ca) concentrations in milk and serum of cows with mastitis. The cows were allocated to three groups according to mammary health status as follows: healthy (Group 1), clinical (Group 2) and subclinical mastitis cows (Group 3). IL-1β levels in serum and milk increased in Group 2 compared to Group 1 and Group 3 (P<0.001; P<0.05). Milk IL-6 level was greater in Group 3 and Group 2 than in Group 1 (P<0.01). Blood TNF-α (P<0.001), TOS and OSI levels (P<0.01) were higher in Group 2 than other groups. Milk TNF-α level increased and blood TAS level decreased in Group 2 compared to Group 1 (P<0.05). Milk TOS (P<0.01) and OSI (P<0.05) levels increased in Group 3 compared to Group 1. Blood and milk Mg levels increased in Group 1 (P<0.05) and Group 2 (P<0.001), respectively. Milk ...
Inflammation Research, 2008
Background: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase are anti-oxidant enzymes potentially used by the bacteria to neutralize macrophage microbicidal molecules such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Objective: To investigate contribution of bacterial anti-oxidant enzymes in intracellular survival of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) within macrophages. Materials: Murine peritoneal macrophages and S. aureus (CMC-524, ICH-629 and ICH-757). Treatment: 106 colony forming units (CFU) of the 90 minutes (min) intracellularly viable S. aureus were administered (i.v.) per mouse through 0.1 ml saline. Methods: Anti-oxidant enzyme assay, phagocytic activity, H2O2 release, Zymography for catalase, serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) level were estimated. One-way Model I ANOVA and one tail Student’s t-test were performed. Results: Survival of S. aureus was least after 90 min of reincubation within macrophages. Maximum amount of bacterial anti-oxidant enzymes were released after 90 min of re-incubation. H2O2 released after 90 min of re-incubation with S. aureus was maximum. Higher activity of catalase and SOD by S. aureus occurred in response to the gradual production of H2O2. Serum IL-6 and TNF-α was also elevated 1h post infection. Conclusions: Bacterial catalase and SOD combat reactive oxygen species enabling S. aureus to persist within macrophages, inducing local inflammation, causing greater induction of serum TNF-α and IL-6.
African Journal of Biochemistry Research, 2017
Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological systems has been reported to be a significant cause of inflammatory and metabolic diseases. More recently, ROS and in a particular ozone has also been implicated in the conversion of cholesterol to atherogenic compounds, secosterol A, and upon aldolization to secosterol-B. Secosterol-A is uniquely produced by cholesterol ozonolysis, while secosterol-B can also be generated through the reaction of cholesterol with singlet oxygen. On the other hand, lipid oxidation reactions generate hydroperoxides, which upon catalytic and/or enzymatic decomposition yields lipid peroxide products of significant importance to tissue health. The mechanism of formation of potent oxidants like ozone in biological systems has not been clearly demonstrated, with only a theory: That antibodies catalyze oxidation of water by singlet oxygen to yield a trioxidic species, like hydrogen trioxide, as an intermediate in hydrogen peroxide formation while a recent hypothesis indicates that ozone could also be an intermediate in the aforementioned pathway and could be generated from biological molecules in the presence of singlet oxygen. Similarly, there is new information being generated concerning the involvement of antioxidants and amino acids in either termination or propagation of oxidative processes in mammalian systems. This review explores mechanisms of ROS/ozone generation in tissues, lipid peroxidation, cholesterol oxidation and highlight dietary management of non-communicable diseases with a focus on the roles of antioxidants and amino acids.
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health
A total of 50 human blood samples with Amoebic dysentery were obtained from people between the ages of 7-66 years for a period of three months from November 2017 to January 2018 from three hospitals (Murjan Medical City hospital, AL-HillaTeachinghospital, and AL-Mahaweel hospital) in Babylon province, Iraq. While the other 30 samples of healthy people (7-63 years) were seen as a control group, were collected from donors from Babylon Governorate to assess the state of oxidative stress in people with acute Entamoebahistolytica infections. The state of oxidative stress was determined by valuing the levels of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum glutathione (GSH) as an indicator of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status respectively. Serum MDA and serum GSH levels for Group of sick people were 18.125± 4.56μmol/L and 194.434±23μmol/L respectively, which MDA level was significantly higher than that in the control group 13.285 ± 2.87μmol/L whereas the GSH level was lower than that in the control group 559.25±55μmol/L (P<0.001). Serum MDA levels were increased significantly with increasing age (P<0.001). The acute infection of the amoeba parasite under study was directly associated with a sharp increase in free radicals by increasing MDA levels and lower GSH levels in people with parasite compared to uninfected persons, confirming the important role of parasites in inducing oxidative stress.