Effect of shade on banana morphology, growth and production (original) (raw)
Related papers
Photosynthetic Performance of Banana ('Gros Michel', Aaa) Under a Natural Shade Gradient
International ISHS-ProMusa Symposium on Bananas and Plantains: Towards Sustainable Global Production and Improved Use, 2013
Bananas are frequently grown in coffee and cacao agroforestry systems. We asked whether tree shade affects leaf photosynthesis beyond simply the effects of the reduction in light availability. Does the leaf compensate for lower light availability to achieve greater than expected leaf photosynthesis? In this study, the photosynthetic performance at leaf level of banana (Musa, AAA, 'Gros Michel') under three levels of natural shade (25, 50 and 75% of full solar irradiance) was compared with a full sun control. Gas exchange measurements of light and CO 2 response curves on the third youngest leaf were conducted to estimate the parameters of a biochemical model of leaf photosynthesis. The estimated parameters were potential lightsaturated electron transport rate (J max), maximum carboxylation rate (V cmax) and day respiration (R d) standardized at 25°C. The mean parameters of photosynthesis varied under the different levels of shade. J max decreased with increasing shade, falling from 163 for full sun to 134, 124 and 95 μmol m-2 s-1 for 75, 50 and 25%, respectively. V cmax was reduced only with the heaviest shade from 104 μmol m-2 s-1 in full sun to 69 at 25% light, while no significant differences were found for R d. Light response curves showed a reduction of maximal leaf photosynthesis only at 50 and 25% full solar irradiance. No saturation value for the photosynthetic photon flux density was apparent in full sun or the 75% treatment, while the saturating photon flux density varied from 1,200 to 1,500 μmol m-2 s-1 in the 50 and 25% treatments. The results in conjunction with whole plant performance and indirect effects of shade on disease levels and nutrient cycles provide insight into improving the productivity and ecological services of bananas in multi-strata agroforestry systems.
The Response of Dwarf Banana Cavendish Growth and Production under Natural Shade
Banana is important commodity in Indonesia as source of food and energy. Naturally, banana grows in open areas. Planting dwarf banana cavendish under natural shade are is limited, because the growth of plant is inhibited due to the low light intensity. Developing dwarf banana cavendish that tolerant to shade is important. The tolerant cultivar can be planted on the stand either in the form agroforestry or plantation crops as interplanting. The dwarf banana cavendish were collected from various places in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research was arranged in a split plot design with three replications. Two factors are considered (i) the existence of natural shade or without shade, and (ii) plant genotype. The parameters observed were the vegetative and the generative character. The results showed that there was different characteristic of the dwarf banana cavendish under shade condition base on the vegetative growth. On the generative character showed some variation but still below the threshold of acceptable tolerance. Therefore, it is recommended that dwarf banana accessions selected can be used as source to develop dwarf banana shaded tolerant.
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 2020
Intercropping in small-holder production systems in East and Central Africa is very common and offers potential for significant yield and environmental benefits. However, the reduced light availability under banana canopies constrains the success of the intercrop in banana systems. Determining a balance between the optimal spacing/densities of banana plants with optimized intercrop selection based on their sensitivity and tolerance to shade is imperative. This study, through extensive field experiments performed in South Kivu, DR Congo investigated the resilience of a wide range of food and forage crops to varying banana shade levels. The same crop species grown as monocrops served as controls. Quantitative yield assessments showed yam, sweet potato, ginger and forage grasses to have a good potential to grow under moderately dense to dense banana fields. Taro, soybean, mucuna, chili, eggplant, and Crotalaria sp. performed well in sparsely spaced banana fields with moderate shading. ...
2015
The present study aimed to evaluate the morphological and physiological responses and shade tolerance in two Amazonian tree seedling species under different shade intensities. Seedlings of P. gigantocarpa and S. parahyba were allocated to the following shade intensities: full sun, low, moderate and high (respectively, 0%, 23%, 67% and 73% of shade, or 2000, 1540, 660 and 540μmol.m-2.s-1) obtained with polyethylene screens in a nursery seedling production. We measured the SPAD index, stomata conductance (gs), transpiration (E), photosynthesis (A) and biomass production. We also calculated the specific leaf area (SLA) and biomass allocation. The highest values of gs, E, A, and biomass production were found under full sun, in P. gigantocarpa, and at low shade intensity, in S. parahyba. In P. gigantocarpa, the SPAD index (chlorophyll content) and SLA increased under increasing shade intensity; while in S. parahyba, the increase in shade intensity increased biomass allocated to leaves. T...
In Vitro Growth Responses of Ornamental Bananas (Musa sp.) as Affected by Light Sources
Horticulturae, 2022
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have become very popular for the production of horticultural crops. LEDs represent an alternative lighting source to regular fluorescent (FL) bulbs, increasing the quality of plants and minimizing production costs. LEDs also provide selective light intensity and quality, suitable for commercial micropropagation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and development of in vitro ornamental bananas under different light sources. Two ornamental banana varieties were selected for this study: Musa ‘Little Prince’ and Musa ‘Truly Tiny’. Light quality and intensity of three different light sources were evaluated: LED-1 (116 μmol m−2 s−1), LED-2 (90 μmol m−2 s−1), and FL (100 μmol m−2 s−1). Length and biomass of plantlets were greater under LED-1 compared to FL but not significantly different from LED-2. The fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, number of leaves, and number and length of roots were not significantly different between treatmen...
Agricultural Science Digest, Volume 44 Issue 1: 118-121 (February), 2024
Background: Chlorophyll is a green molecule found in plant cells that aids photosynthesis. It absorbs sunlight and converts the energy into carbohydrates using CO 2 and water as a starting point. Chlorophyll 'a' and chlorophyll 'b' are the two forms of chlorophyll found in plants and each serves as a photoreceptor in photosynthesis, assuming higher electron transport, thus improving photochemical capacity.
Proceedings of the International Seminar on Promoting Local Resources for Sustainable Agriculture and Development (ISPLRSAD 2020), 2021
Banana Cavendish is one of the varieties that is widely liked by market through the appeal of fruit and nutrient content. The preparation of a banana seedling can be through tissue culture techniques. Seedlings can be said successfully if it has passed the stage of acclimatization. Nutrition and environmental conditions should be considered in the stage of acclimatization. The aim of this research is to know the dose of Organic Growth Regulator (OGR) of compost Pterocarpus indicus leaves and the optimal shade percentage on the development of banana plantlets Cavendish tissue culture. This research used the complete randomized design factorial (CRD). The first factor is the dose of OGR of compost Pterocarpus indicus (0 ml, 50 ml, 100 ml, 150 ml, 200 ml and 250 ml). The second factor is the shade percentage (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). The method used is 30 combination treatment with 3 repeats. The results showed that there was interaction (OGR 0 ml + 25% shade, OGR 100 ml + 25% shade, OGR 150 ml + 25% shade, OGR 0 ml + 75% shade and OGR 200 ml + 0% shade) on the percentage parameters of seedlings growth. Organic Growth Regulator of compost Pterocarpus indicus leaves showed the best response of 100 ml on the percentage parameters of seedlings growth, increase in crop length. The 25% shade percentage gives better results at the increase in crop length. Shade percentage 100% and OGR 250 ml and interaction treatment of OGR 250 ml + 0% shade showed the bad result in all parameters.
In summer season, sunburn due to high temperature with strong light intensity is a main problem of Cavendish banana during fruit growth in Chiang Rai being a tropical area which affects its quality. The influence of three different material covers were investigated on Cavendish banana quality in field and sunburn protection in summer season. Three cover treatments include 1, commercial cover (CC) as control consist thin-nonwoven (0.05 mm), brown paper and perforated blue polyethylene (PE), 2, Developed nonwoven cover (DNW) consist thin-nonwoven, nonwoven (0.17 mm) and PE and 3, Aluminum foil cover (ALF) consist thin-nonwoven and aluminum foil (0.09 mm) with all cover treatments opened at the bottom. The covers were applied between May 14 and June 26, 2017. After six weeks of bunch cover, banana fruits were harvested and determined fruit quality on the first hands at two stages namely: mature green (light full three-quarters) and ripening. The results showed that both DNW and ALF treatments significantly reduced sunburn percentage than those bagged with CC (p≤0.05). DNW and ALF covers did not significantly affect the fruit qualities such as hand weight, total soluble solids (TSS), pulp per peel ratio and peel color (L* and H°), when compared with CC treatment (p>0.05). This study showed that both DNW and ALF materials possess potential properties as banana covers to reduce field loss from sunburn in summer season thereby improving the fruit visual quality.
Shade effect on growth flowering and fruit of apple
Journal of Applied Horticulture
Light is a critical resource needed by plants for growth and reproduction. A major portion of the apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) tree's canopy is subjected to shade during most daylight hours each day and such shade may affect productivity. The current research Trunk and branch growth were reduced consistently by morning shade (MS) compared to no shade (NS) and full shade (FS) and afternoon shade (AS) had intermediate effects. Total branch growth from 2002 to 2005 was 164, 168, 145, and 157 cm for FS, NS, MS, and AS, respectively. Although shade affected yield inconsistently from year-to-year, total yield from 2002 to 2005 was 7.8, 201.6, 72.5, and 110.6 kg/tree for FS, NS, MS, and AS, respectively. Time of shading clearly affected yield with full shade causing the greatest reduction, followed by partial shade treatments, MS and AS. Concentrations of soluble carbohydrates, particularly sorbitol, were greater in leaves of AS compared to MS. It is postulated that MS may have adversely affected photosynthesis at a time of day that was most conducive to
Shade Effects with Potential NPK Responses on Coconut Seedlings in Tropical Agroforestry Practices
The experiment was carried out in an experimental plot of 32 years old coconut palm of the local Malayan Tall cultivar which later on represents the different rate of light intensities canopy at MARDI Bagan Datuk, Perak. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the responses of new coconut seedlings planted under different shade intensities and different rates of NPK application. 9 months old Malayan Brown Dwarf (MBD) seedlings were selected and planted in between the old palms (which act as a shade canopy) in the same row by using the north-south direction of planting rows. The treatments were including 4 levels of shade which represented by different old palm canopy of light intensities at 100, 75, 50, and 25 percent(%) and with 4 different rates of NPK at 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 kg/palm including control at 0 kg/palm. Data collection parameters were collected including light intensity, chlorophyll content, plants height, and stem girth, number of fronds, and width of leaves. All data were subjected to variance analysis (ANOVA) and means values were compared with Duncan Multiple Range Test using SAS statistical analysis. The results obtained from all the parameters indicated that a significant relation between NPK rates and shade intensities levels. It found that 25% of old palm shading canopies showed significantly the highest light intensity at 458 µmol m−2s−1 compared to others while 100% of shade level gave the best chlorophyll reading. The integrated nutrient management of supplying 4.5 kg/palm (F4) recommended along with the C4 shade level showing the significant difference at (p<0.05) of plant height and the number of fronds. The growth parameters of the stem girth and width of leaves show significantly highest in number at F2 of NPK supplying with C4 of shade level compared to other treatments. The growth performance of coconuts seedlings at different NPK rates and different shade levels also showed significantly different from each other which it can be concluded that the increase of shade level needs for the higher amount of NPK for best growth performance of seedlings.