Synthesis and Tribological Performance of Carbon Nanostructures Formed on AISI 316 Stainless Steel Substrates (original) (raw)
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Materials Today Communications, 2016
Carbon/alumina coatings on stainless steel are prepared by a sol-gel route, using either carbon nanotubes (8 walls on average) or graphite flakes. The friction coefficient against a steel ball is decreased by a factor of 4-5 compared to pure alumina and wear is reduced by a factor of 2 with graphite flakes. A Raman spectroscopy study of selected specimens outside and inside the worn surface shows that the carbon nanotubes are not dramatically damaged whereas the graphite flakes are broken into graphene layers. The reasons why graphite is more effective than the carbon nanotubes, for the same carbon content, to improve the tribological behavior are discussed.
Study on Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Graphite-Like Carbon Films
Advanced Materials Research, 2014
Graphite-like carbon films were deposited on DC53 steel substrate by unbalanced magnetron sputtering. The microstructures of the resultant films were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD), respectively. Ball-on-disc tribometer was employed to analyze the tribological properties of the film. The results show that the films were dominated by sp2 sites. The surfaces are uniform and dense, the sectional morphology of the films present dense columnar crystal. The films have superior tribological properties under different loads, including low friction coefficient (0.18-0.33) and low wear rate (2.53×10-17m3/(Nm)- 8.47×10-17m3/(Nm)).
Friction and Wear Properties of Carbon Nanowalls Coatings
In this paper Carbon nanowalls (CNW) coatings deposited by radiofrequency plasma jet are used for tribological investigations in the presence of low sulfur diesel fuel and in conditions of dry lubrication. The tribological behavior was investigated by high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) test, while the wear tests were run on a Pin on Disk CSM tribometer. The CNW layers before friction tests were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the wear on the steel balls and disks after friction tests was investigated by SEM and EDX. The study leads to the conclusion that CNW possesses attractive tribological potential and deposition of carbon nanowalls on steel disks results in a decrease in friction and wear rate. It was found that the lubrication environment and the height of the coatings have strong influence of the friction coefficient and wear rates, thicker carbon nanowalls lead to lower friction coefficient and less wear on the friction surface.
Effect of structure of carbon films on their tribological properties
Diamond and Related Materials, 2013
A comparative study of the tribological properties of a library of different carbon forms is presented. The library includes hydrogen free and hydrogenated carbon films with different bonding (C-C, C-H, different sp 3 fractions) and structure configurations (amorphous, graphitic) leading to a wide range of densities and hardness. Reference samples (Si substrates, thermally evaporated amorphous carbon, graphitic foil) were studied as well. The tribological properties were measured using a reciprocal sliding tribometer under humid (50% RH) and dry (5% RH) air conditions. Friction coefficients were measured versus the number of sliding cycles and the wear was studied using optical profilometry and imaging as well as SEM.
The beneficial effect of graphene nanofillers on the tribological performance of ceramics
Carbon, 2013
The tribological properties of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)/Si 3 N 4 composites are investigated for the first time using a reciprocating ball-on-plate configuration under isooctane lubrication. The role of these carbon nanostructures is studied through the analysis of the debris and wear tracks by micro-Raman spectroscopy. GNPs are excellent nanofillers for enhancing the tribological performance of ceramics. Under high contact pressures, GNPs are able to reduce friction and, especially, to increase the wear resistance up to 56% due to the exfoliation of the nanoplatelets that creates an adhered protective tribofilm.
Friction and wear at nanometer scale: a comparative study of hard carbon films
Diamond and Related Materials, 2003
Tribological properties of nanostructured carbon (ns-C) and tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) thin films were investigated by friction force microscopy. It was found that the ns-C films have a smaller friction coefficient than ta-C films for relative humidity greater than 30%. In particular, at 40% of humidity, ns-C films have lower friction coefficient (0.11"0.02) than the ta-C films (0.13"0.02), which can be attributed to both the presence of closed graphite nanoparticles and the passivation of the dangling bonds at the ns-C surface. The friction coefficient did not vary as a function of the tip scanning velocity for both films. The nanoscale wear was studied in a very low force regime, in the range of nanonewton, using an atomic force microscope (AFM) with a Si N tip and with forces in the range of micronewton with the AFM equipped with a stainless still cantilever and 3 4 a diamond tip. The ns-C provides better wear resistance compared to ta-C films in the range of forces studied. The sp-rich ta-C 2 surface layer was easily scratched during the wear test in contrast to the ns-C films. The wear in ta-C in the low forces regime is attributed to the presence of this low density layer at the surface of the film due to subplantation of energetic ions during deposition while the better resistance to wear of ns-C films is attributed to its highly elastic nature.
Tribological behaviour and wear of carbon nanotubes grafted on carbon fibres
Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2015
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grafted on fibres are widely used to reinforce composites in order to improve their mechanical properties. This study concerned the tribological properties of CNTs grafted on carbon fibres by the flame method. The aim of this study was to determine whether CNTs on fibres suffer damage under stress, similar to those applied during composite manufacturing, which can damage composite properties, particularly fibre/matrix adhesion. For this purpose, reciprocating friction tests were performed to examine the resistance of CNTs and highlight a wear mechanism. The results showed that the presence of CNTs increased the coefficient of friction in the first friction cycles and then decreased it to close to the COF of the fibre without CNTs. The wear mechanism showed that after a small number of friction cycles, the CNTs were flattened out and formed a transfer film.
Tribologically induced nanostructural evolution of carbon materials: A new perspective
Friction
Carbon-based solid lubricants are excellent options to reduce friction and wear, especially with the carbon capability to adopt different allotropes forms. On the macroscale, these materials are sheared on the contact along with debris and contaminants to form tribolayers that govern the tribosystem performance. Using a recently developed advanced Raman analysis on the tribolayers, it was possible to quantify the contact-induced defects in the crystalline structure of a wide range of allotropes of carbon-based solid lubricants, from graphite and carbide-derived carbon particles to multi-layer graphene and carbon nanotubes. In addition, these materials were tested under various dry sliding conditions, with different geometries, topographies, and solid-lubricant application strategies. Regardless of the initial tribosystem conditions and allotrope level of atomic ordering, there is a remarkable trend of increasing the point and line defects density until a specific saturation limit in...
Lubricants, 2013
The use of materials with very attractive friction and wear properties has raised much attention in research and industrial sectors. A wide range of tribological applications, including rolling and sliding bearings, machining, mechanical seals, biomedical implants and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), require thin films with high mechanical strength, chemical inertness, broad optical transparency, high refractive index, wide bandgap excellent thermal conductivity and extremely low thermal expansion. Carbon based thin films like diamond, diamond-like carbon, carbon nitride and cubic boron nitride known as "super-hard" material have been studied thoroughly as the ideal candidate for tribological applications. In this study, the results of experimental and simulation works on the nanotribological behavior of carbon films and fundamental mechanisms of friction and lubricity at the nano-scale are reviewed. The study is focused on the nanomechanical properties and analysis of the nanoscratching processes at low loads to obtain quantitative analysis, the comparison obtain quantitative analysis, the comparison of their elastic/plastic deformation response, and nanotribological behavior of the a-C, ta-C, a-C:H, CN x , and a-C:M films. For ta-C and a-C:M films new data are presented and discussed.
Tribological properties of carbon nanotube-doped carbon/carbon composites
Tribology International, 2006
Carbon nanotube (CNT)-doped carbon/carbon (C/C) composites were fabricated by the chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) method to investigate the effect of CNTs on tribological properties of C/C composites. CNTs, which had been synthesized by catalytic pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, were added to carbon fiber formed preforms before CVI process. Ring-on-block-type wear tests were performed to evaluate the frictional properties of CNT-doped C/C composites. Results show that CNTs can not only increase wear resistance of C/C composites but also maintain stable friction coefficients under different loads. Polarized light microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy analyses demonstrate that favorable effects of CNTs on tribological properties of C/C composites have been achieved indirectly by altering microstructure of pyrocarbons and directly by serving as high-strength lubricative frictional media at the same time. Electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses verify the existence of adhesive wear mechanism in