Antibiotic Susceptibility of Streptococcus mutans: Comparison of Serotype Profiles (original) (raw)
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Dental caries is an age old disease in which the tooth enamel is demineralized by the secretion of acid in microenvironment by bacteria. The most common among the bacteria causing dental caries is Streptococcus mutans. The synthesis of polysaccharide (Dextran) forms the plaque on smooth surface of gums in which gets adhere other bacteria viz Lactobacillus acidophilus, Actinomyces viscous etc producing acid and bring about dissolution of tooth enamel. Many age old therapies are still being used for controlling tooth decay viz. twigs of Miswak in Saudi Arabia and twigs of Neem in India. However the increasing use of sugar and poor oral hygiene has increased the prevalence of dental caries throughout the globe. The treatment therefore becomes necessary to stop the proliferation of caries causing bacteria either by conventional methods or by use of Antibiotics. Since there is increasing trend of bacteria becoming resistant to various antibiotics, its therefore useful to study the effect of same antibiotics in different regions to know the pattern of its susceptibility. In the present study, the emphasis was given on the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Streptococcus mutans which was isolated from among the students of College of Applied medical sciences, Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
AN OVERVIEW ON THE PREVALENCE OF DRUG RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS IN DENTAL CARIES PATIENTS
Drug resistance is a worldwide problem. Drug resistant bacteria are more common in health clinic. Streptococcus mutans is the etiological agent of dental plaque. Over a number of decades epidemiological studies on human populations have indicated an association between the presence of Streptococcus mutans in plaque and their prevalence in dental caries. S. mutans has been implicated as cariogenic bacteria, because they produce high level of lactic acid and extracellular polysaccharide. It is observed that S.mutans is gaining resistance to commonly prescribed drugs. In the present study dental plaque samples were collected from patients of different locality within Bangalore city at M. S. Ramaiah Dental College, to study the pattern of drug resistance. Among 100 dental samples collected, 40 samples were grouped under Bangalore urban population and S. mutans was isolated. The isolates were identified as S. mutans by standard biochemical tests and fermentation studies. The isolates which showed positive results for gram staining and fermentation test were further confirmed with haemolysis test. The subculture of this S. mutans isolates were maintained in TH slants for further analysis. Antibiotic Sensitivity test with commonly used antibiotics signified the emergence of drug resistance in S. mutans. Out of 40 isolates 23 isolates were drug-resistant S. mutans. About 56% isolates showed sensitivity to penicillin and Ciprofloxacin, while 30% of the isolates showed sensitivity to Erythromycin and 70% showed complete resistance. The present study indicated the increased resistance in S. mutans of urban population, towards the effective antibiotics Penicillin, Erythromycin and Ciprofloxacin.
Fifty carious tooth swab samples were collected from patients presented with tooth decay at the Dental Unit, Sick-Bay, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, and characterized biochemically. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test. Total of 41 (82%) isolates were isolated. Streptococcus mutans was found to be more prevalent amongst age group 21-30 years, with more females (70%) than males (60%) based on the gender distribution. The isolates are sensitive to Ampicillin, Penicillin and Tetracycline but resistant to Cefuroxime and Gentamicin. Determination of antibiotic susceptibility profile of the bacterium is very important in the determination of first line drugs of choice. Key words: Dental caries, Isolation, Streptococcus mutans, Antibiotic susceptibility, and Tooth decay
Antibiogram of streptococcus mutans isolated from dental caries patients
Streptococcus mutans was a leading causative agent for tooth decay or dental caries around the world wide. Dental caries and endocarditis diseases are leading to cause more critical stage in human beings and it was created by S. mutans. All the samples were collected around dental clinics and hospitals of Tirupur, Tamilnadu from the period of 2013 to 2015. Selective isolates of S. mutans were identified by phenotypic and Biochemical characterization. Only 10 isolates were selected for antibiotic susceptibility test. 6 antibiotics were completely resistant to tested isolates among them 4 antibiotics showed 100% resistant. This present investigation was conducted for screening the best antimicrobial drugs against S. mutans. But, this study showed multi drug resistant species were identified from the tested isolates of S. mutans against 14 commercial drugs. These are used against dental caries patients and were practiced in dental clinics and hospitals. Hence, need new powerful drugs against dental caries commonly in clinical trials.
Online Journal of Dentistry & Oral Health
Background: Dental caries is recognized as one of the most infectious diseases worldwide and Mutans streptococci (MS) have been commonly associated as major cariogenic bacteria. Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify and determine the antibiogram profile of Streptococcus mutans associated with tooth decay in children and their mothers. Methods: The dental plaque samples were collected from caries active subjects children group (aged 2-5 years) and mother group (aged 35-44 years) at dental clinics of Sana'a University in Sana'a city, Yemen. S. mutans identified by standard bacteriological methods and 87 clinical isolates S. mutans form mothers and 87 clinical isolates S. mutans from children were tested for antibiogram profile. Antibiogram profiling was performed to determine the susceptibility of 6 β-Lactam antibiotics (penicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, amoxicillin, cefazolin and methicillin) and 4 non β-Lactam antibiotics (erythromycin, lincomycin, clindamycin and vancomycin) by disc diffusion method. Results: Ampicillin, cefotaxime cefazolin, methicillin and clindamycin were the most effective antibiotics against S. mutans isolates and resistance rate for them do not exceed 2.3%. The highest resistance rates were against erythromycin (24.1%), lincomycin (28.7%) followed by penicillin (14.9% in children S. mutans isolates) and amoxicillin (14.9% in mother S. mutans isolates). Conclusion: The study demonstrates significant levels of penicillin, erythromycin, amoxicillin, clindamycin and lincomycin-resistance in S. mutans clinical isolates in dental patients. Further study is required to know the minimum inhibitory concentration of β-Lactam and non β-Lactam antibiotics. These results also, call for improved the assessment of antibiotic susceptibility testing during prophylaxis. The alternative of antibiotic such as herbal extract is most likely preferable for the coming years to avoid the upcoming bacterial resistance to the antibiotics.
The present study investigates the antibiotic resistance property of oral Streptococus mutans obtained from the dental caries infected individuals. The Streptococcus mutans isolates were obtained from the tooth extracts of dental caries and non-dental caries individuals. The effect of four different antibiotics viz., Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Penicillin G and Tetracycline at six different concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 µg) was tested. The presence or absence of R plasmid was determined with respect to Streptococcus mutans isolates obtained from dental caries and non-dental caries individuals. The resistance of Streptococcus mutans to the antibiotics were found to be in the descending order of Ampicillin> Tetracycline> Amoxicillin> PencillinG ; with a zone of inhibition in the order of 22, 24, 28 and 29 mm diameter respectively. The R plasmid was found to be present in Streptococcus mutans isolates obtained from the dental caries individual while it was found to be absent in the non-dental caries individuals.
Dental caries is a localized, transmissible, pathological infectious process that ends up in the destruction of hard dental tissue. Streptococcus mutans is considered to be the main cause of dental caries. Indeed, numerous reports have shown the close relationship between salivary levels of S. mutans and dental caries. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the presence of Streptococcus mutans and dental caries, and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. Unstimulated saliva was collected from 53 3 to 5-year-old children from the Diego Torres school in Turmequé (Boyacá, Colombia). Saliva samples were vortexed and serially diluted in 0.05 M phosphate buffer. Aliquots of 100 ul of the appropriate dilutions were cultured on Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin agar medium for the selective isolation of S. mutans, and incubated anaerobically for two days at 37 o C. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the S. mutans isolates were evaluated against penicillin, amoxicillin, cefazolin, erythromycin, clindamycin, imipenem and vancomycin by an agar dilution method. The dental caries experience in these children was 66% (35/53) and S. mutans was found in the saliva of 33 children (62%); 21 of them had dental caries and 12 did not. In the 20 children from whom S. mutans was not isolated, 14 (70%) were found to have caries. There were no statistically significant differences in S. mutans counts between the group with dental caries and the caries-free group (p=0.21). All isolates were highly sensitive to penicillin, amoxycillin, cefazolin, erythromycin, clindamycin, imipenem and vancomycin; 50 and 90% of the strains from S. mutans were inhibited by concentrations of less than 0.12 and 0.5 ug/ml, respectively, for all antibiotics studied. In conclusion, not all of the children hosting this microorganism had caries, and the S. mutans strains were highly sensitive to the antibiotics tested.
Characteristics of Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus mutans
Applied Sciences
Dental caries is an infectious disease which remains a significant health problem all over the world. The purpose of the study was to characterise a collection of 60 clinical isolates of S. mutans from adults’ and children’s dental plaque (natural biofilm). The paper describes the process of isolation, identification, analysis of biofilm formation and collection testing for the presence of 13 two-component systems (TCS) identified earlier in reference strain ATCC 700610 (UA159). In the case of S. mutans strains, plaque formation is specifically influenced by binary systems. All isolated strains of S. mutans form biofilm at high levels and possess a set of 26 genes forming TSC binary systems, which have an important role in plaque formation.
2016
Background: Streptococcus mutans in the oral cavities sable to produce mutacin (bacteriocin-like substances) with antibiotic properties . The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and expression of genes encoding mutacins typeI, II, III and IV and also two of 8 genes in a cluster encoding the putative bacteriocins, the designated bsm 283, bsm 299, bsm 423, bsm 1889c, bsm 1892c, bsm 1896, bsm 1906c and bsm 1914, were also screened by PCR and specific primers for each type of mutacin biosynthesis gene and then mutacin activity against the indicator strains determined. Methods: In this study, dental clinic samples were collocated; Streptococcus mutans was detected using biochemical tests and molecular methods (PCR). Frequency of mutacin biosynthesis genes types I, II, III and IV, bsm299 and bsm1899 were measured by PCR, using specific primers for each type of mutacin biosynthesis gene. Furthermore, the antimicrobial spectra of Streptococcus mutans isolates against other in...