In vitro evaluation of endodontic debris removal as obtained by rotary instrumentation coupled with ultrasonic irrigation (original) (raw)
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International Endodontic Journal, 2005
van der Sluis LWM, Wu M-K, Wesselink PR. The efficacy of ultrasonic irrigation to remove artificially placed dentine debris from human root canals prepared using instruments of varying taper. International Endodontic Journal, 38, 764-768, 2005. Aim To investigate the influence of the taper of root canals on the effectiveness of ultrasonic irrigation to remove artificially placed dentine debris. Method Forty-four maxillary and mandibular canines were selected after bucco-lingual and mesiodistal radiographs indicated that their internal diameters were smaller than the diameters of a size 20, .06 taper System GT instrument (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). These canines were divided into three groups and prepared using either size 20, .06 taper System GT instruments, size 20, .08 taper or size 20, .10 taper System GT instruments. Each root was then split longitudinally through the canal, forming two halves. In one canal wall, a standard groove was cut 2-6 mm from the apex, to simulate uninstrumented canal extensions. Each groove was filled with dentine debris mixed with 2% NaOCl to simulate a situation when dentine debris accumulates in the uninstrumented canal extensions. Each canal was reassembled by joining the two halves of the teeth by means of wires and sticky wax. In each canal ultrasonic irrigation was performed with a size 15 K file using 2% NaOCl as an irrigant. Before and after irrigation, images of each half of the canal with a groove were taken using a microscope and a digital camera, after which they were scanned into a PC as TIFF images. The quantity of dentine debris in the groove was evaluated using a scoring system: the higher the score, the larger the amount of debris. The scores before and after irrigation were compared. The differences in percentage of score reduction between the three groups were analysed by means of one-way anova. Results After ultrasonic irrigation, the debris score reduced by 74, 81 and 93%, respectively, in the size 20, .06, 20, .08 and 20, .10 taper groups. However, the difference amongst groups was not statistically significant (P ¼ 0.078). Conclusion There was a tendency that ultrasonic irrigation was more effective in removing artificially placed dentine debris from simulated canal extensions from canals with greater tapers.
Australian Endodontic Journal, 2004
This study evaluated, histologically and morphometrically. the cleaning capacity of rotary instrumentation in root canals using the Profile system with ultrasonic irrigation. Twelve singlerooted mandibular incisors were divided randomly into three groups according to the irrigation method tested. The canals in the teeth were instrumented using Orifice Shapers, taper 0.6 and 0.4 in the cervical third, and up to a #35 file in the apical third. One per cent sodium hypochlorite was used as the irrigating solution. Group I : canals were irrigated with 5 ml of solution, using a Luer-Lok syringe, between each file. Group 2: canals were irrigated with the solution and instrumented using ultrasound for I min between each file. Group 3: canals were irrigated with 5 ml of solution with Luer-Lok syringe, between each file, and final irrigation using ultrasound for 3 min. After chemo-mechanical preparation, the apical thirds of the teeth were submitted for histological processing. Morphometric analysis was performed using an optical microscope with 40x magnification and a grid. The results showed statistical difference at the 5% level between the methods used for irrigation. Rotary instrumentation with Profile system NiTi files and ultrasonic irrigation for 3 min was more effective in cleaning root canals when the different methods were compared.
Journal of Conservative Dentistry, 2017
Background: Apical extrusion of debris during instrumentation is detrimental to the patient. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical extrusion of debris during root canal instrumentation using two single file rotary Ni-Ti systems. Materials and Methods: Thirty freshly extracted mandibular premolars with straight roots were sterilized and divided into two groups instrumented using: One Shape rotary Ni-Ti system with Endoflare orifice shaper (Group 1) and Neo-Niti rotary Ni-Ti system with C1 orifice shaper (Group 2). Preweighed Eppendorf tubes fitted for each tooth before instrumentation. During instrumentation, 1 mL of distilled water with a 30-gauge needle was used to irrigate after every instrument. Tips of the tooth were irrigated with 2 ml distilled water after removal from Eppendorf tubes. The total volume of irrigant in each group was the same 8 ml. All tubes were incubated at 68°C for 15 days and subsequently weighed. The difference between pre-and post-debris weights was calculated, and statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test and level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: The difference between pre-and post-weights was significantly greater for the One Shape system. Conclusions: The Neolix Niti single file was associated with less extrusion compared to One Shape single file system.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH
Introduction: For successful endodontics, there should be proper cleaning and shaping of the canal before the obturation. Various agitation techniques help in the removal of the debris and smear layer. With the removal of this debris and smear layer, there will be a better opening of dentinal tubules and penetration of sealer in the tubule. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of removal of debris and smear layer from prepared root canals by comparing ultrasonic agitation, F-file agitation, and NaviTip FX needle agitation using Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and SmearClear as irrigants. Materials and Methods: The present in-vitro study included 60 bilaterally matched pairs of extracted human premolar teeth with single canal and mature apices, were collected. All teeth were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction. The teeth were grooved longitudinally on the buccal and lingual surfaces. Instrumentation was done using K3 rotary files up to #40 and irrigation was carried out using 2 mL sy...
Egyptian Dental Journal, 2017
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of XP-Endo finisher (XP) (FKG Dentaire SA, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) on removal of debris from coronal, middle and apical thirds of oval root canals in comparison to passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), vibringe (VB) and conventional syringe irrigation (CSI). Methods: Eighty extracted single-rooted human mandibular premolars were used in this study. Specimens with a standardized length of 16 mm were mechanically prepared with Race (FKG Dentaire) till # 40/4%. Teeth were divided into 4 groups (n=20) according to the final irrigant activation protocol into the following groups: CSI, PUI, XP and VB. Root canals were then split longitudinally. Digital images were acquired to evaluate the amount of debris by using a digital camera mounted on a stereomicroscope at 25x magnification and transferred to the computer and scored in mm2 and recorded as a percentage of the overall canal surface area by using image analysis software. Debris percentage was analyzed by One-way ANOVA. Results: The XP and PUI groups revealed significantly lower debris percentage than the other groups in the coronal, middle, and apical regions (P≤0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between XP and PUI. Regarding all systems the coronal third was cleaner than the apical thirds. Conclusions: In our study, none of the activation systems completely removed the debris from the root canal walls; nevertheless, the XP and PUI showed the best results along all thirds in comparison to the other systems.
https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR\_Vol.6\_Issue.12\_Dec2019/Abstract\_IJRR003.html, 2019
Aims: To compare the efficiency of debris removal in root canals instrumented with three different agitation systems: UltraX (ultrasonic device), Endo activator (Sonic device) and manual dynamic agitation. Methodology: One hundred and twenty freshly extracted teeth were selected for the study and access cavity is prepared. After determining the working length, instrumentation was done till ProTaper F2 with simultaneous irrigation with 5.25% NaOCl and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. These samples were then divided into four groups of 40 samples each that is sonic activation (EndoActivator), ultrasonic activation (Ultra X), manual dynamic activation (MDA) and a control group. About 5.25% NaOCl was used for irrigation activation. Mesial roots were sectioned 4 mm from the apex and observed under a stereomicroscope at 20Xmagnification for the presence of debris. Results: Endoactivator presented the least amount of debris followed by ultrasonic device and manual dynamic agitation. Conclusion: In this study, none of the devices were able to remove the debris completely. EndoActivator and UltraX could be used as effective irrigation activation devices.
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2021
Aim and objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical extrusion of debris during root canal preparation with the use of different Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti) file systems. Materials and methods: Totally 60 single-rooted human mandibular premolar teeth with fully formed roots were chosen for the study. The coronal access cavity and all other preparations were done with the use of an access cavity kit and then 60 samples were randomly separated into three investigational groups (n = 20); group I: self-adjusting file, group II: WaveOne Gold, and group III: Mtwo rotary system. After instrumentation, the teeth were taken out from the tube and the root surface-adherent debris was collected by washing off the apical area of the tooth with distilled water (1 ml) into a centrifuge tube. The centrifuge tube was kept for 5 days in an incubator at 70°C to permit evaporation of the moisture prior to weighing the dry debris with the aid of an electrical analytical balance. Results: The highest quantity of debris extruded was by the Mtwo rotary system (0.0394 ± 0.880) followed by WaveOne Gold (0.0247 ± 1.030) and self-adjusting file (0.0198 ± 0.102). A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was found between the various file systems. Conclusion: After considering the drawbacks of this study, apical debris extrusion could be found with all three groups. However, the selfadjusting file demonstrated a significantly reduced quantity of apical debris extrusion compared to the Mtwo rotary system and WaveOne Gold. Clinical significance: The chief step during the procedure of root canal treatment is the preparation of the infected root canals biomechanically. This preparation may lead to forcing the apical debris into the periapical space through the apical foramen, resulting in host-initiated immunological response which leads to postoperative discomfort and pain. This consequently leads to selection of a specific rotary system for endodontic treatment.
Lasers in Medical Science, 2017
This study is to investigate the efficacy of different irrigant activation techniques on removal of accumulated hard tissue debris (AHTD) in mesial roots of human mandibular molars. Extracted human mandibular molars with an isthmus between the mesial root canals were selected based on micro-CT (μCT) scans. The mesial canals were instrumented to an apical diameter ISO30 using ProTaper rotary files. Teeth were randomly assigned to three irrigant activation groups (n = 10): ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI) using a size 20 Irrisafe for 3 × 20 s, laser-activated irrigation (LAI) with an Er:YAG laser (2940 nm) and plain 300 μm fiber tip inside the canal (20 mJ, 20 Hz, 3 × 20 s), and laser-activated irrigation with identical parameters with a 400 μm photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) tip held at the canal entrance. All teeth were scanned with μCT before and after instrumentation and after irrigant activation. After reconstruction and image processing, the canal system volume filled with hard tissue debris before and after irrigant activation was calculated. Changes in hard tissue debris volumes were compared between groups using one-way ANOVA. The percentage volume of hard tissue debris (vol%) was significantly lower after irrigant activation in all groups. Although the lowest debris values were observed in the laser groups, no significant differences in the vol% of accumulated hard tissue debris after activation were observed between groups. Accumulated hard tissue debris was reduced significantly in all activation groups. Ultrasonically and laser-activated irrigation regimens performed similarly in this respect. None of the tested methods was able to render the root canal systems free of debris.
Mustansiria Dental Journal, 2014
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of apically extruded debris using 5 types of nickel–titanium endodontic instruments (Hand ProTaper, Rotary ProTaper, Rotary Mtwo, RECIPROC and WaveOne). Seventy-five freshly extracted mandibular premolar teeth were used in this study. All teeth were shortened to a length of 14mm. The specimens were randomly divided into five groups (each group containing 15 samples) according to the type of instrumentation systems used. Group I: instrumented by hand ProTaper system (Hand technique). Group II: instrumented by rotary ProTaper system. Group III: instrumented by rotary Mtwo system. Group 1V: instrumented by single file RECIPROC system. Group V: instrumented by single file WaveOne system. Debris extruded from the apical foramen was collected into pre-weighed glass vials. The difference between the weights of vial (pre-weight and post-weight) represented the weight of debris extruded from apical foramen during canal preparation. The results showed that all groups induced extrusion of debris, Mtwo group (III) has statistically the lowest mean value of apically extruded debris in comparing with all other groups, followed by rotary ProTaper (II), hand ProTaper (I), and WaveOne (V) groups respectively. While the RECIPROC group (IV) has statistically highest mean value.
Brazilian Dental Journal, 2006
The purpose of this study was to assess the presence of apical debris remaining in the apical third of flattened root canals of vital and nonvital teeth after biomechanical preparation with Ni-Ti rotary instruments. Fresh-extracted human mandibular incisors were used in this study. The teeth had clinical indication for extraction and were submitted to cold pulp vitality testing and radiographic examination. Eighteen teeth were selected and randomly assigned to two groups (n=9), according to the clinical diagnosis, i.e., pulp vitality or pulp necrosis. The canals were instrumented with the ProTaper NiTi rotary system in the following sequence: S1 -up to the middle third; SX -at the cervical third; S2-up to the apical third; and S1, F1, F2, F3 -at the working length. The canals were irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite, dried and were submitted to the histological processing. Sections from the apical third were analyzed by an optical microscope (X40) that was coupled to a computer where the images were captured and analyzed using specific softwares. A grid was placed over these images to assess the total canal area and the areas with debris. Mann-Whitney U-test showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the teeth with pulp vitality (6.49 ± 3.39) and those with pulp necrosis (5.95 ± 2.22). It may be concluded that the clinical condition of pulp tissue did not interfere with the amount of debris remaining in the apical third of flattened root canals prepared with Ni-Ti rotary instruments.