Novel bionanocomposites: processing, properties and potential applications (original) (raw)
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Cellulosic bionanocomposites: A review of preparation, properties and applications
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Cellulose is the most abundant biomass material in nature. Extracted from natural fibers, its hierarchical and multi-level organization allows different kinds of nanoscaled cellulosic fillers-called cellulose nanocrystals or microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)-to be obtained. Recently, such cellulose nanoparticles have been the focus of an exponentially increasing number of works or reviews devoted to understanding such materials and their applications. Major studies over the last decades have shown that cellulose nanoparticles could be used as fillers to improve mechanical and barrier properties of biocomposites. Their use for industrial packaging is being investigated, with continuous studies to find innovative solutions for efficient and sustainable systems. Processing is more and more important and different systems are detailed in this paper depending on the polymer solubility, i.e., (i) hydrosoluble systems, (ii) non-hydrosoluble systems, and (iii) emulsion systems. This paper intends to give a clear overview of cellulose nanoparticles reinforced composites with more than 150 references by describing their preparation, characterization, properties and applications.
Analysis of cellulose based nanocomposites & potential applications
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021
Cellulose based nanocomposites have achieved a lot more attraction in recent years owing to its renewability, good mechanical strength and durability. The cellulose based nanocomposite development process typically involves extraction of cellulose from source materials such as wood, agricultural residue etc., isolation of nanocellulose from the cellulose and reinforcement of nanocellulose in polymers. This review outlines the various chemo-mechanical methods used for extraction of cellulose and for isolation nanocellulose. Also, the different methods used for fabrication of cellulose nanocomposites are discussed in details. Finally, the potential applications of nanocellulose composites different industries such as food and packaging, structural, bio- medical and electronics are also presented.
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Cellulose macro-and nanofibers have gained increasing attention due to the high strength and stiffness, biodegradability and renewability, and their production and application in development of composites. Application of cellulose nanofibers for the development of composites is a relatively new research area. Cellulose macro-and nanofibers can be used as reinforcement in composite materials because of enhanced mechanical, thermal, and biodegradation properties of composites. Cellulose fibers are hydrophilic in nature, so it becomes necessary to increase their surface roughness for the development of composites with enhanced properties. In the present paper, we have reviewed the surface modification of cellulose fibers by various methods. Processing methods, properties, and various applications of nanocellulose and cellulosic composites are also discussed in this paper.
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Cellulosic biomass hydrolysis yields a nanoscale substance known as nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). Gel, liquid, or powder is adaptable to a variety of uses. Nanocrystalline cellulose has unique renewability, biodegradability, and mechanical and physicochemical qualities, and abundance boosts the material’s mechanical strength by many orders of magnitude when introduced into the material matrix (polymer, ceramic, or metal). Nanocrystalline cellulose is not related with any serious environmental issues because it is a natural substance. The progress of this biomaterial as a green and renewable biomaterial for the fabrication of lightweight and biodegradable composite materials gives further impetus. The current aim of nanocrystalline cellulose research is to optimise nanocrystalline cellulose characteristics for dispersion in hydrophilic and hydrophilic media. To assess the nanocrystalline cellulose reinforcing, antibacterial, stability, hydrophilicity, and biodegradability, imaging...
Handbook of Nanocellulose and Cellulose Nanocomposites. Editors
Cellulose is a widespread renewable natural polymer, which is the most appropriate for preparation of various types of nanomaterials. Being typical nanostructured polymer, cellulose contains nanofibrils, nanocrystallites, paracrystalline nanolayers and amorphous nanodomains, which allow produce various kinds of the nanomaterials: cellulose nanofibrils, cellulose nanocrystals, particles o f amorphous nanocellulose and cellulose nanoyarn. Besides bacterial nanocellulose is a natural source of biosynthesized cellulose nanofibrils. In this chapter, the modern methods of structural investigations of various nanocellulose kinds are described. To characterize the structure of nanocellulose (NC), the main structural characteristics should be determined such as dimensions, shape, aspect ratio, specific surface area, charge, parameters of crystalline structure, purity, DP, etc. Effect of structural characteristics of NC of various kinds on their chemical, physico-chemical and physico-mechanical properties is discussed. Furthermore, specific structural features and properties of the nanocellulose kinds are shown.
CELLULOSIC NANOCOMPOSITES: A REVIEW
2000
Because of their wide abundance, their renewable and environmentally benign nature, and their outstanding mechanical properties, a great deal of attention has been paid recently to cellulosic nanofibrillar structures as components in nanocomposites. A first major challenge has been to find efficient ways to liberate cellulosic fibrils from different source materials, including wood, agricultural residues, or bacterial cellulose. A second major challenge has involved the lack of compatibility of cellulosic surfaces with a variety of plastic materials. The water-swellable nature of cellulose, especially in its non-crystalline regions, also can be a concern in various composite materials. This review of recent work shows that considerable progress has been achieved in addressing these issues and that there is potential to use cellulosic nano-components in a wide range of high-tech applications.
Fabrications of cellulose nanocomposite for tailor-made applications
Polymers and Polymer Composites, 2020
The unique properties of nanocelluloses (NCs), including nanodimension, renewability, low toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, easy availability, and low cost, render them the ideal nanomaterials for diverse applications. Composite material consists of matrix material with low volume fraction and self-assembled NC fibers with a high volume fraction of reinforcing domain. These two-phase components are often combined to promote stiffness and improve toughness (by dissipating materials fracture energy). The challenge, however, is to control the alignment and distribution of NC within the matrix. Recent research has been focusing on the production of composites using different methodologies such as electrospun cellulose nanofibers, polymer-grafted NC, nanoparticle binding on NCs, assembly of NCs at the air/water and oil/water interfaces, protein-mediated interactions on NCs, and atomic layer deposition on NCs. In this case, NC serves as an appropriate candidate for composites ...
Materials Sciences and Applications, 2016
In recent years, several studies have been performed using nanocellulose as a component in polymeric nanocomposites. The interest in studying cellulose-based nanocomposite is due to the abundance, renewable nature, and outstanding mechanical properties of this nanoparticle. However, obtaining nanocomposites based on nanocellulose, with optimal properties, requires good nanoparticle dispersion in the polymeric matrix. The chemical compatibility between nanofiller and polymer plays a major role in both the dispersion of particles in the matrix and the adhesion between these phases. The aim of this review is to present the fundamental concepts about nanocellulose, such as its structural aspects, production methods and current trends in classification, and the main aspects about cellulose-based nanocomposites, including the progress that has been reached in relation to their compatibilization, production, final properties and potential applications.
Innovative Bio-nanocomposites Based on Bacterial Cellulose
2011
A variety natural materials that are environmentally friendly, renewable and low cost have been created. Bacterial cellulose (BC), which is produced by a harmless bacterium, Acetobacter xylinum, has been used as a reinforcement agent to form bionanocomposites. ...
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2012
This work investigates the surface and bulk properties of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and bacterial cellulose (BC), as well as their reinforcing ability in polymer nanocomposites. BC possesses higher critical surface tension of 57 mN m-1 compared to NFC (41 mN m-1). The thermal degradation temperature in both nitrogen and air atmosphere of BC was also found to be higher than that of NFC. These results are in good agreement with the higher crystallinity of BC as determined by XRD, measured to be 71% for BC as compared to NFC of 41%. Nanocellulose papers were prepared from BC and NFC. Both papers possessed similar tensile moduli and strengths of 12 GPa and 100 MPa, respectively. Nanocomposites were manufactured by infusing the nanocellulose paper with an epoxy resin using vacuum assisted resin infusion. The cellulose reinforced epoxy nanocomposites had a stiffness and strength of approximately ~8 GPa and ~100 MPa at an equivalent fibre volume fraction of 60 vol.-%. In terms of the reinforcing ability of NFC and BC in a polymer matrix, no significant difference between NFC and BC was observed.