Surface Entrapment of Fibronectin on Electrospun PLGA Scaffolds for Periodontal Tissue Engineering (original) (raw)
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Surface modification of electrospun PLGA scaffold with collagen for bioengineered skin substitutes
In skin tissue engineering, surface feature of the scaffolds plays an important role in cell adhesion and proliferation. In this study, non-woven fibrous substrate based on poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) (75/25) were hy-drolyzed in various concentrations of NaOH (0.05 N, 0.1 N, 0.3 N) to increase carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on the fiber surfaces. These functional groups were activated by EDC/NHS to create chemical bonding with collagen. To improve bioactivity, the activated substrates were coated with a collagen solution (2 mg/ml) and cross-linking was carried out using the EDC/NHS in MES buffer. The effectiveness of the method was evaluated by contact angle measurements, porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile and degradation tests as well as in vitro cell attachment and cytotoxicity assays. Cell culture results of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and keratinocytes cell line (HaCat) revealed that the cells could attach to the scaffold. Further investigation with MTT assay showed that the cell proliferation of HaCat significantly increases with collagen coating. It seems that sufficient stability of collagen on the surface due to proper chemical bonding and cross-linking has increased the bioactivity of surface remarkably which can be promising for bioengineered skin applications.
Electrospun blends of natural and synthetic polymers as scaffolds for tissue engineering
2006
Abstract Engineering functional three-dimensional (3-D) tissue constructs for the replacement and/or repair of damaged native tissues using cells and scaffolds is one of the ultimate goals of tissue engineering. In this study, non-woven fibrous scaffolds were electrospun from the synthetic biodegradable polymer poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) and natural proteins, gelatin (denatured collagen) and elastin.
Electrospun nanofibrous structure: A novel scaffold for tissue engineering
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 2002
The architecture of an engineered tissue substitute plays an important role in modulating tissue growth. A novel poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) structure with a unique architecture produced by an electrospinning process has been developed for tissue-engineering applications. Electrospinning is a process whereby ultra-fine fibers are formed in a high-voltage electrostatic field. The electrospun structure, composed of PLGA fibers ranging from 500 to 800 nm in diameter, features a morphologic similarity to the extracellular matrix (ECM) of natural tissue, which is characterized by a wide range of pore diameter distribution, high porosity, and effective mechanical properties. Such a structure meets the essential design criteria of an ideal en-gineered scaffold. The favorable cell-matrix interaction within the cellular construct supports the active biocompatibility of the structure. The electrospun nanofibrous structure is capable of supporting cell attachment and proliferation. Cells seeded on this structure tend to maintain phenotypic shape and guided growth according to nanofiber orientation. This novel biodegradable scaffold has potential applications for tissue engineering based upon its unique architecture, which acts to support and guide cell growth.
Electrospinning Production of PLLA Fibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
Nonwoven fibrous mats were produced in the process of solution electrospinning. Polymeric fibres generated in this process consist of poly(L-lactic) acid (PLLA), biodegradable and biocompatible polymer. Produced fibrous mats were examined by scanning electron microscopy and additionally degradation rate of fibrous material was investigated. Obtained fibres exhibit porous surface and fibre diameter varied from 200 nm to 1,2 m, depending on the process parameters. Low degradation rate of scaffold material was designed for long-term scaffold usage. The influence of solvent type and solution concentration as well as the solution flow rate, applied voltage and the setup geometry on the fibres morphology and diameter were examined and presented. The influence of polymer concentration on the solution viscosity was also evaluated. Further, the degradation rate of obtained fibres was investigated, as well as the influence of degradation process on surrounding environment. Materials produced in electrospinning process have potential application as long-term biodegradable scaffold for tissue engineering, especially in bone tissue, vascular tissue or cartilage tissue engineering.
… Research Part A, 2006
Engineering functional three-dimensional (3-D) tissue constructs for the replacement and/or repair of damaged native tissues using cells and scaffolds is one of the ultimate goals of tissue engineering. In this study, non-woven fibrous scaffolds were electrospun from the synthetic biodegradable polymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and natural proteins, gelatin (denatured collagen) and elastin. In the absence of cross-linking agent, the average PGE fiber diameter increased from 347 ± 103 nm to 999 ± 123 nm upon wetting as measured by scanning electron microscopy. Rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSC) were used paradigmatically to study the 3-D cell culture properties of PGE scaffolds. Consistent with the observed properties of the individual fibers, PGE scaffolds initially swelled in aqueous culture medium, however rBMSC seeded PGE scaffolds contracted to < 50% of original size. Time course histological analysis demonstrated uniform seeding of rBMSC into PGE scaffolds and complete cell penetration into the fibrous architecture over 4 weeks of in vitro culture.
A review of key challenges of electrospun scaffolds for tissue-engineering applications
Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 2015
Tissue engineering holds great promise to develop functional constructs resembling the structural organization of native tissues to improve or replace biological functions, with the ultimate goal of avoiding organ transplantation. In tissue engineering, cells are often seeded into artificial structures capable of supporting three-dimensional (3D) tissue formation. An optimal scaffold for tissueengineering applications should mimic the mechanical and functional properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of those tissues to be regenerated. Amongst the various scaffolding techniques, electrospinning is an outstanding one which is capable of producing non-woven fibrous structures with dimensional constituents similar to those of ECM fibres. In recent years, electrospinning has gained widespread interest as a potential tissue-engineering scaffolding technique and has been discussed in detail in many studies. So why this review? Apart from their clear advantages and extensive use, electrospun scaffolds encounter some practical limitations, such as scarce cell infiltration and inadequate mechanical strength for load-bearing applications. A number of solutions have been offered by different research groups to overcome the above-mentioned limitations. In this review, we provide an overview of the limitations of electrospinning as a tissue-engineered scaffolding technique, with emphasis on possible resolutions of those issues. /term grounded points for fibre attachment and structural packing density. (d) Electrospinning in wet media; using a metal bath filled with liquid medium as a grounded collector induces large spaces between the forming fibres and lessens packing density. (e) Applying a postprocessing modification; laser irradiation over an electrospun scaffold can create a desirable pore structure Challenges regarding electrospun scaffolds: a review Figure 4. Schematic illustration indicating various approaches for improving cell infiltration into the electrospun scaffold. (a) Biological factors inclusion within an electrospun scaffold; association of biochemical cues, such as chemokine gradient, cell-friendly natural polymers, etc., with an electrospun scaffold encourages cell migration into the interior part. (b) Cell electrospraying and cell layering; direct incorporation of cells among fibres or fibrous layers creates a fully cell-laden electrospun structure. (c) Creating dynamic cell culture condition; agitation of the culture medium via dynamic culture enhances nutrient-waste exchange and drives cells to the interior parts. (d) Combining electrospinning with other scaffold fabrication methods; associating electrospun fibres with hydrogel creates a highly ECM-mimicking composite with the desirable cell infiltration Challenges regarding electrospun scaffolds: a review
"Abstract Repair or replacement of damaged tissues using tissue engineering technology is considered to be a fine solution for enhanced treatment of different diseases such as skin diseases. Although the nanofibers made of synthetic degradable polymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA), have been widely used in the medical field, they do not favour cellular adhesion and proliferation. To enhance cell adherence on scaffold and improve biocompatibility, the surface of PLA scaffold was modified by gelatin in our experiments. For electrospinning, PLA and gelatin were dissolved in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) solvent at varying compositions (PLA:gelatin at 3:7 and 7:3). The properties of the blending nanofiber scaffold were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Modified PLA/gelatin 7/3 scaffold is more suitable for fibroblasts attachment and viability than the PLA or gelatin nanofiber alone. Thus fibroblast cultured on PLA/gelatin scaffold could be an alternative way to improve skin wound healing."
Materials
Electrospinning is an innovative new fibre technology that aims to design and fabricate membranes suitable for a wide range of tissue engineering (TE) applications including vascular grafts, which is the main objective of this research work. This study dealt with fabricating and characterising bilayer structures comprised of an electrospun sheet made of polycaprolactone (PCL, inner layer) and an outer layer made of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and a coaxial porous scaffold with a micrometre fibre structure was successfully produced. The membranes’ propriety for intended biomedical applications was assessed by evaluating their morphological structure/physical properties and structural integrity when they underwent the degradation process. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to assess changes in the electrospun scaffolds’ structural morphology such as in their fibre diameter, pore size (μm) and the porosity of the scaffold surface which was measured with Image J softw...
Acta Biomaterialia, 2006
The most common synthetic biodegradable polymers being investigated for tissue engineering applications are FDA approved, clinically used poly( -hydroxy esters). To better assess the applicability of the electrospinning technology for scaVold fabrication, six commonly used poly( -hydroxy esters) were used to prepare electrospun Wbrous scaVolds, and their physical and biological properties were also characterized. Our results suggest that speciWc, optimized fabrication parameters are required for each polymer to produce scaVolds that consist of uniform structures morphologically similar to native extracellular matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a highly porous, three-dimensional structure for all scaVolds, with average Wber diameter ranging from 300 nm to 1.5 m, depending on the polymer type used. The poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) and poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid 50:50) (PLGA5050) Wbrous structures were mechanically stiVest, whereas the poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly( -caprolactone) (PCL) scaVolds were most compliant. Upon incubation in physiological solution, severe structural destruction due to polymer degradation was found in the PGA, poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA), PLGA5050, and poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid 85:15) (PLGA8515) Wbrous scaVolds, whereas PLLA and PCL Wbrous scaVolds maintained a robust scaVold structure during the same time period, based on macroscopic and SEM observations. In addition, PLLA scaVolds supported the highest rate of proliferation of seeded cells (chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells) than other polymeric scaVolds. Our Wndings showed that PLLA and PCL based Wbrous scaVolds exhibited the most optimal structural integrity and supported desirable cellular response in culture, suggesting that such scaVolds may be promising candidate biomaterials for tissue engineering applications.