Ventricular volumes determined from indicator dilution curves (original) (raw)
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Stroke volumes and ventricular volumes determined from indicator dilution curves, Part 2
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 1981
A flow simulator designed to produce well defined pulsatile flows of water through two seriesconnected compartments is used to simulate either the right or the left side of the heart. The stroke volume and the diastofic volume of one of the compartments can be preset to desired values. In 14 experiments comprising 102 indicator recordings cold 5% dextrose solution and ink were used as indicators being injected as bofi at a defined instant during the pumping cycle by means of a power injector. A data-retrieval procedure based on a mathematical two-compartment model is used to calculate stroke volumes and ventricular volumes using the indicator recordings as input data. The results are compared with the actual volumes and acceptable agreement was obtained in nine experiments.
Circulation, 1980
Cross-sectional echocardiography was used to quantify volume in 21 canine left ventricles that were fixed in formalin and immersed in mineral oil. Area, length and diameter measurements were obtained from short- and long-axis cross-sectional images of the left ventricle and volume was calculated by seven mathematic models. Calculated volume was then compared, by linear regression and percent error analyses, with fluid volume of the left ventricle, obtained by filling the chamber with a known amount of fluid. Volumes ranged from 13-146 ml. Mathematic models using short-axis area and long-axis length gave higher correlation coefficients (r = 0.982 and r = 0.969) and lower mean errors (10-20%) than standard formulas previously used for M-mode echo and angiography. Thus, short-axis area analysis with cross-sectional echocardiography is well-suited for quantifying left ventricular volumes in dogs.
Left ventricular volume determination using Albunex
Journal of The American Society of Echocardiography, 1996
The aim of this study was to assess the ability of intravenous injection of Albunex to improve left ventricular volume determination in patients with various cardiac diseases. It is conceivable that the intravenous injection of microbubbles could improve echocardiographic left ventricular border delineation leading to improved interobserver variability. Echocardiograms were obtained during simultaneous intravenous injection of 0.08 and 0.12 ml/kg Albunex (four-chamber view). Within 6 hours after the recording of the contrast echocardiograms routine left heart angiography was performed. Volumes were measured using the slice method in native and contrast echocardiograms as well as in the angiograms by two independent investigators. The mean dif-ferences of angiographic-native echocardiographic and angiographic-contrast echocardiographie volumes (ml) as well as the calculated ejection fraction and their confidence intervals were tabulated and significance was an ticipated if the confidence interval did not include zero. Significant changes to angiographic values could be observed concerning end-diastolic, echocardiographic, and contrast echocardiographic volumes at end diastole and end systole, while ejection fractions were similar. Differences between observers were significantly smaller in the contrast echocardiographic images than in the native echocardiographic images, k]bunex led to a significantly decreased interobserver variability. (J AM SOC ECHOCARDIOGR 1996;9:1-8.)
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2011
While several models have proven to result in accurate estimations when measuring cardiac output using indicator dilution, the mono-exponential model has primarily been chosen for deriving coronary blood/plasma volume. In this study, we compared four models to derive coronary plasma volume using indicator dilution; the mono-exponential, power-law, gamma-variate, and local density random walk (LDRW) model. In anesthetized goats (N = 14), we determined the distribution volume of high molecular weight (2,000 kDa) dextrans. A bolus injection (1.0 ml, 0.65 mg/ml) was given intracoronary and coronary venous blood samples were taken every 0.5-1.0 s; outflow curves were analyzed using the four aforementioned models. Measurements were done at baseline and during adenosine infusion. Absolute coronary plasma volume estimates varied by *25% between models, while the relative volume increase during adenosine infusion was similar for all models. The gamma-variate, LDRW, and mono-exponential model resulted in volumes corresponding with literature, whereas the power-model seemed to overestimate the coronary plasma volume. The gammavariate and LDRW model appear to be suitable alternative models to the mono-exponential model to analyze coronary indicator-dilution curves, particularly since these models are minimally influenced by outliers and do not depend on data of the descending slope of the curve only.
Left ventricular volume analysis as a basic tool to describe cardiac function
Advances in physiology education, 2018
The heart is often regarded as a compression pump. Therefore, determination of pressure and volume is essential for cardiac function analysis. Traditionally, ventricular performance was described in terms of the Starling curve, i.e., output related to input. This view is based on two variables (namely, stroke volume and end-diastolic volume), often studied in the isolated (i.e., denervated) heart, and has dominated the interpretation of cardiac mechanics over the last century. The ratio of the prevailing coordinates within that paradigm is termed ejection fraction (EF), which is the popular metric routinely used in the clinic. Here we present an insightful alternative approach while describing volume regulation by relating end-systolic volume (ESV) to end-diastolic volume. This route obviates the undesired use of metrics derived from differences or ratios, as employed in previous models. We illustrate basic principles concerning ventricular volume regulation by data obtained from in...
Effect of Coronary Artery Embolization on Ventricular Volumes
Circulation Research, 1965
The measurement of ventricular volume enhances the ability to appraise ventricular performance. The development of the thermodilutdon method for estimating stroke volume (SV), end systolic volume (ESV), and end diastolic volume (EDV) allowed us to reexamine myocardial function at progressive degrees of ischemic injury produced by repeated embolizations of the coronary artery. We determined left ventricular SV, ESV, and EDV together with intraventricular pressures after embolizations by lycopodium spores injected into a branch of the left coronary artery.