Evaluation of a mobile diabetes care telemedicine clinic serving Aboriginal communities in northern British Columbia, Canada (original) (raw)

Improvements in indicators of diabetes-related health status among first nations individuals enrolled in a community-driven diabetes complications mobile screening program in Alberta, Canada

Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de santé publique

The goal of Screening for Limb, I-Eye, Cardiovascular, and Kidney complications of diabetes (SLICK) is to reduce the burden of diabetes among Alberta First Nations individuals. By analyzing the longitudinal results of SLICK over a six-year time span, our purpose was to examine both baseline diabetes-related health status and whether subsequent improvements occurred. Diabetes complications screening, diabetes education, and community-based care were provided by mobile clinics which traveled to 43 Alberta First Nations communities biannually. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol and blood pressure, as well as the presence of foot and kidney abnormalities were assessed among 2102 unique subjects with diabetes. Mean values of diabetes health indicators at baseline and subsequent visits for returning subjects were compared. Secular trends were sought by examining trends in mean baseline health indicators per year. High baseline rates of ob...

Providers’ perceptions of barriers to the management of type 2 diabetes in remote Aboriginal settings

To examine providers' perspectives of the barriers to providing diabetes care in remote First Nation communities in the Sioux Lookout Zone (SLZ) of Northwestern Ontario, Canada. Study design. A qualitative study involving key informant interviews and focus groups was conducted with health care providers working in remote First Nation communities in SLZ. Methods. Twenty-four nurses, doctors, diabetes educators and community health representatives (CHRs) participated in qualitative interviews and focus groups. Data collected from the interviews and focus groups was coded and thematically analysed using NVIVO software. Results. Barriers to diabetes care were grouped into patient, clinic and system factors. Providers' perceptions of patient factors were divided between those advocating for a patient-provider partnership and those advocating for greater patient responsibility. Clinic-related barriers such as short staffing, staff turnover and system fragmentation were discussed, but were often overshadowed by a focus on patient factors and a general sense of frustration among providers. Cultural awareness and issues with clinic management were not mentioned, though they are both within the providers' control. Conclusions. This study characterizes a range of barriers to diabetes care and shows that patient-related factors are of primary concern for many providers. We conclude that patient-focused interventions and cultural competence training may help improve patient-provider partnerships. Funding and supporting quality improvement initiatives and clinic reorganization may increase the providers' knowledge of the potential for clinical strategies to improve patient outcomes and focus attention on those factors that providers can change. Future research into the factors driving quality of care and strategies that can improve care in Aboriginal communities should be a high priority in addressing the rising burden of diabetes and related complications.

Health Practitioners’ Perspectives on the Barriers to Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetes in Aboriginal People on Vancouver Island

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among Aboriginal populations in Canada represents a health crisis. Researchers and Aboriginal patients have identified barriers to prompt diagnosis and treatment of diabetes in Aboriginal communities. These barriers include poverty, co-morbidities, cultural indifference, and lack of healthcare resources. This study discusses the barriers to care of Aboriginal people with diabetes from the perspective of healthcare providers on Vancouver Island. Nonstandardized surveys containing multiple-choice and open-ended questions were distributed to 33 healthcare providers on Vancouver Island who reported working with Aboriginal people with diabetes; 18 completed surveys were returned. Descriptive statistics were prepared for the multiple-choice section of the questionnaire. Open-ended questions were coded and organized into substantive categories to identify trends. Barriers identified by participants include access to transportation, educational material, traditional care and medicine, and diagnostic services. Suggestions for possible solutions to barriers were grouped into three categories: education, overcoming systemic barriers, and cultural relevance. While some specific barriers were emphasized by participants, the general trends were similar to those perceived by Aboriginal patients and researchers as reported in the literature. The postulated solutions emphasize regional disparity in healthcare resources and the need to respect Aboriginal worldviews in western medical practice.

Quality indicators of diabetes care: an example of remote-area Aboriginal primary health care over 10 years

The Medical journal of Australia, 2012

To describe service characteristics of Derby Aboriginal Health Service (DAHS) and document diabetes management activities and intermediate clinical outcomes for Aboriginal patients with type 2 diabetes. Retrospective audit of records for patients ≥ 15 years old who had a confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, received primary health care from DAHS for at least 6 continuous months between 1 July 1999 and 30 June 2009, resided in the Derby area and were not on renal replacement therapy. Electronic records of blood pressure (BP), glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) level, weight, albumin-creatinine ratio, creatinine level or estimated glomerular filtration rate, lipid levels and smoking status during each audit year; and proportions of patients who met clinical targets for HbA(1c), BP and cholesterol. Over the 10 years, the proportion of clinical care activities undertaken according to regional protocols increased significantly, with very high levels recorded in the last 3 years (at least ...

Nurse-led diabetic retinopathy screening: a pilot study to evaluate a new approach to vision care for Canadian Aboriginal peoples

International journal of circumpolar health, 2018

Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of new cases of blindness and is pandemic among Aboriginal people around the world. To reduce health inequities, accessible vision screening among these high-risk populations is essential. To assess cardio-metabolic co-morbidities associated with type 2 diabetes and the use of a portable fundus camera as a novel approach for convenient, earlier and more accessible vision screening for Aboriginal peoples living with type 2 diabetes in northern and remote Canadian communities. This quantitative pilot study screened participants diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for commonly associated cardio-metabolic co-morbidities using anthropometrical measurements, blood pressure and a A1c (HbA1c) blood glucose test, followed by vision exams conducted first by a trained nurse and then by an ophthalmologist to screen for signs of retinopathy using fundus photography. Large numbers of the participants presented with overweight/obese (84.8%), pre-hypertensio...

A cost-consequence analysis comparing patient travel, outreach, and telehealth clinic models for a specialist diabetes service to Indigenous people in Queensland

Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 2019

Introduction The delivery of specialist health services to people living in Indigenous communities is an important challenge. Specialist diabetes outpatient clinics may be delivered via a patient travelling to a metropolitan hospital, during an outreach clinic, or by telehealth. The aim of this study was to compare the costs and consequences of different service models for delivering specialist diabetes clinics for a remote Indigenous community. Method Patient travel, outreach and telehealth clinic models were compared using a cost-consequence analysis principles. The setting was Cunnamulla, a remote Indigenous community in Western Queensland. Costs were calculated by quantifying the staff resources and travel costs for each clinic model. Costs were reported in Australian dollars and reported from the health service perspective. Results The marginal cost per patient for each clinic were 692forpatienttravel,692 for patient travel, 692forpatienttravel,482 for the outreach and $284 for telehealth. If a patient travel appoi...

A multifaceted health-service intervention in remote Aboriginal communities: 3-year follow-up of the impact on diabetes care

Medical journal of …, 2004

Objective: To examine the trends in processes of diabetes care and in participant outcomes after an intervention in two remote regions of Australia. Design: Follow-up study over 3 years. Setting: Seven health centres in the Tiwi Islands and the Katherine West region of the Northern Territory. Participants: 137 Aboriginal people with type 2 diabetes. Intervention: Implementation of a multifaceted trial, including transfer of purchasing and planning responsibility to local health boards, the development and dissemination of clinical guidelines supported by electronic registers, recall and reminder systems and associated staff training, and audit and feedback. Main outcome measures: Trends in the proportion of Aboriginal people receiving services in accordance with clinical guidelines and in the proportion for whom specified levels of blood pressure and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA 1c) were achieved; health staff perceptions of barriers to effective service delivery. Results: An initial improvement in overall service levels from 40% to 49% was not fully sustained over the 3-year period. The overall proportion of services delivered varied from 22% to 64% between communities and over time. The proportion of participants whose most recent HbA 1c level was less than 7% improved from 19% to 32%, but there was little change in blood pressure control. Perceived barriers to service delivery included discontinuities in staffing, lack of work-practice support and patients' acceptance of services. Conclusions: Multifaceted interventions can improve quality of care in this environment, but achieving sustainable, high-quality care in a range of services and local conditions presents particular challenges. Developing and testing strategies for consistent and sustained improvement should be a priority for service providers

Sustaining better diabetes care in remote indigenous Australian communities

BMJ, 2003

Problem Inhabitants of Torres Strait Islands have the highest prevalence of diabetes in Australia and many preventable complications. In 1999, a one year randomised cluster trial showed improved diabetes care processes and reduced admissions to hospital when local indigenous health workers used registers, recall and reminder systems, and basic diabetes care plans, supported by a specialist outreach service. This study looked at whether those improvements were sustained two years after the end of the trial.

Dismantling sociocultural barriers to eye care with tele-ophthalmology: lessons from an Alberta Cree community

Clinical and investigative medicine. Médecine clinique et experimentale, 2013

There are significant disparities in access to health care amongst Aboriginal Canadians. The purpose of this study was to determine whether tele-ophthalmology services, provided to Aboriginal Canadians in a culturally-sensitive community-based clinic, could overcome social and cultural barriers in ways that would be difficult in the traditional hospital-based setting. The Aboriginal Diabetes Wellness Program of Alberta incorporates culturally-sensitive health-related activities and rituals as a component of a diabetic retinopathy tele-ophthalmology screening program. Metrics of program attendance were collected while stakeholders participated in a survey to identify barriers to healthcare delivery. Aboriginal patients, cultural liaison, nurses and program administrators revealed economic, geographic, social and cultural barriers to healthcare faced by Aboriginal people. It was found that the introduction of culturally-sensitive programs led to increased appointment attendance; from ...