Identification and Analysis of Areas of Historical Ponds (Chrudimka River Basin) (original) (raw)
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Analele Universităţii din Oradea: Seria Geografie, 2015
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Application of GIS in Hydrographic and Environmental Maps of Poland
2008
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The article summarises the results of analyses of temporal and spatial changes in the location of small water bodies in the upper Sanna River catchment between the fifteenth and twenty-first centuries. The investigations were conducted on historical sources and cartographic data using GIS tools and inventory files. Natural (location of springs, groundwater depth, geomorphology of valleys), anthropogenic factors (quarries, excavations) and historical determinants of construction of the water reservoirs are presented. Additionally, changes in the economic (fish farming, mills), defence and industrial (paper and steel mills, bloomeries, fulleries) functions of the water bodies have been analysed. The changes in the functions of the water bodies were often influenced by the changing ownership. The results have application significance on a local and regional scale.
Socio-hydrology is the science of human influence on hydrology and the influence of the water cycle on human social systems. This newly emerging discipline inherently involves a historic perspective, often focusing on timescales of several centuries. While data on human history is typically available for this time frame, gathering information on the hydrological situation during such a period can prove difficult: measured hydrological data for such long periods are rare, while models and secondary data sets from geomorphology, pedology or archaeology are typically not accurate enough over such a short time. In the first part of this study, the use of historic maps in hydrology is reviewed. Major breakthroughs were the acceptance of historic map content as valid data, the use of preserved features for investigating situations earlier than the map, and the onset of digital georeferencing and data integration. Historic maps can be primary quantitative sources of hydro-geomorphological information, they can provide a context for point-based measurements over larger areas, and they can deliver time series for a better understanding of change scenarios. In the second part, a case study is presented: water level fluctuations of Lake Balaton were reconstructed from maps, levelling logs and other documents. An 18th century map system of the whole 5700 km2 catchment was georeferenced, integrated with two 19th century map systems, and wetlands, forests and open water digitized. Changes in wetland area were compared with lake water level changes in a 220 yr time series. Historic maps show that the water level of the lake was closer to present-day levels than expected, and that wetland loss pre-dates drainage of the lake. The present and future role of historic maps is discussed. Historic hydrological data has to be treated with caution: while it is possible to learn form the past, the assumption that future changes will be like past changes does not always hold. Nevertheless, old maps are relatively accessible data sets and the knowledge base for using them is rapidly growing, and it can be expected that long-term time series will be established by integrating georeferenced map systems over large areas. In the Appendix, a step-by-step guide to using historic maps in hydrology is given, starting from finding a map, through georeferencing and processing the map to publication of the results.
European Countryside, 2017
This study is focused on the changing of areas of water bodies in selected villages of the Pilsen Region (Czechia). We researched several different types of rural settlements and three time horizons with the help of old maps, orthophoto maps and GIS tools. To capture the influence of their location within the urban system, we chose 15 places from four categories (inner suburban area, outside suburban area, rural area, periphery rural area) depending on their distance to the core of the Pilsen agglomeration. There is no significant change in the amount of water bodies between the first reference period (1838-1839) and the second period (1957-1963) in the selected settlements. However, the third period (2013-2015) is characterized by the emergence of a large number of small water bodies - swimming pools and garden ponds. Based on the results of our research we identified the declining importance of public water bodies in some of the settlements. However, we have identified a notable p...
The present study focuses on the analysis and evaluation of the changes in the retention volume of the water reservoir Evička, the ecosystems of littoral, sublittoral and profundal zone as well as the changes in the land cover of the riparian zone and reservoir basin. The changes in reservoir volume were determined on the basis of a comparison of the actual bottom’s topography, acquired through field surveying with the bottom’s topography from the maps for a 40-year period (1971-2011). The volume of the sediments deposited in the water reservoir Evička for given period is 10917 m3. The changes in the landscape structures of riparian zone and reservoir basin, identified on the basis of the analysis of aerial measurement pictures, orthophotomap and field survey, were evaluated for the period of 1949-2012, i.e., 63 year. It is evident from the analysis of the landscape structure changes in the whole reservoir basin that the area of developed surfaces increased by 11.2% and the surface area of water reservoir Evička decreased by 1165 m2 during that period. We interpret these facts as the result of a negative anthropogenic effect, mainly by building activity within the reservoir basin and near the water reservoir. At the same time, the contribution presents possible measures for the management of water reservoir Evička and its surroundings.
We carried out a comparative mapping of the wetlands of the 18–20th centuries on four sampling sites. The investigated sites were on the western, southeastern and eastern part of the Great Hungarian Plain. Each of these sites had a different hydrological history, history of land usage and represented different land coverage and hydrological situation at the time. Two types of material was used in the investigation: archive maps, namely the First Military Map (made in 1782–1785, 1: 28 800 scale), and Third Military Map (made in 1869–1884, 1: 25 000 scale), and aerial photos taken in 2005 and 2006. The mapping of the wetlands was carried out with manual digitising on the screen based on georeferred maps, photographs and field experiences.We used ESRI ArcMap 9.2 GIS software for this process. We found that the surface area of wetlands had been declining up to 10–40%, depending on the hydrological and land usage situation on the different investigated areas. In addition, intensive fragm...
The main goal of this work was to verify the historic data of historic artificial water reservoir Ottergrund, Banská Štiavnica district, which is inscribed in the UNESCO world heritage list. Main focus was set to area-storage capacity curve. There is historic map with the display of reservoir bottom contours and area-storage capacity curve in a paper format. These data were analysed and compared with the results of the calculation of area-storage capacity curve that was performed with the use of a new tool with named “ASC_Curve”, which is based on Python script. This tool utilizes ArcPy site package and it works with the TIN model of water reservoir bottom. In case of water reservoir Ottergrund we created the TIN model of the historic bottom; input data for the TIN model creation was the historic contour plan. The results of the analysis have shown that the storage capacity calculated with the use of the developed ASC_Curve tool is 97% of the volume mentioned in the historic map. Analysis has also show the minor mathematical errors in the calculations of the area-storage capacity data in historic contour plan. This tool can also be used also for the analysis of the current storage capacity conditions of the water reservoirs, if the surveying with echosounding equipment is performed to obtain the data to produce the TIN model of the water reservoir bottom.