Irrigation scheduling to increase muskmelon fruit biomass and soluble solids concentration (original) (raw)
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Preharvest furrow and drip irrigation schedule effects on postharvest muskmelon quality
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 1994
A two-year study was conducted on the effects of furrow or drip irrigation applied 1, 2 or 4 days prior to harvest (following all plots having been watered 8 days prior to harvest) on the postharvest quality of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus) fruits cv. Magnum 45. Fruit firmness was not affected by irrigation method or application time. Regardless of irrigation method, water applied at 4 days prior to harvest produced fruit with significantly lower soluble solids concentration SSC (10.8% vs. 12.2%) greater volume (1684 vs. 1508 cm 3) and greater moisture content (88.5% vs. 87.4%) compared to no watering after 8 days prior to harvest. No consistent differences were found with fruit SSC, volume moisture content or taste of fruits from plots where water was applied 1 or 2 days prior to harvest compared to fruits receiving no water after 8 days. Significantly lower sweetness and overall preference ratings were found for fruit from plots drip-irrigated 4 days prior to harvest compared to those that received no water after 8 days. In contrast, only sensory ratings of fruits from furrow-irrigated plots might indicate that watering 1 and 2 days prior to harvest may be as detrimental to quality as water applied at 4 days prior to harvest.
Irrigation Science, 2007
In 2005 and 2006, a study was conducted to determine the effect of subsurface and surface drip irrigation systems and to determine optimum irrigation water using six different irrigation levels imposed on muskmelon (Cucumis Melo L. cv. Ananas F1) under semi-arid climatic conditions. Irrigation treatments received 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125% of class A pan evaporation rates. In 2005, average yield from subsurface and surface drip irrigation systems ranged from 16.2 (I 0) to 31.1 (I 75) t ha-1 and from 16.2 (I 0) to 43.8 (I 75) t ha-1 , respectively. While in 2006, fruit yields for the same systems ranged from 8.2 (I 0) to 40.4 (I 75) t ha-1 and from 8.2 (I 0) to 38.9 (I 100) t ha-1. Regression analysis of the yield data indicated no significant (P > 0.05) difference between years and irrigation systems. The highest muskmelon yields from subsurface and surface drip irrigation systems were obtained at 83 and 92% of class A pan. Bigger fruits were obtained with optimum irrigation amounts for both of the irrigation systems. However, there was no clear indication of irrigation water amounts on total soluble solid and flesh thickness of muskmelon fruits.
Irrigation management of muskmelon with tensiometry
The production and consumption of muskmelon have been increasing (MELO et al., 2014), thus, information on techniques for higher field productions are necessary. The experiment described in the present work was conducted in the IFTM, Uberaba, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, aiming to evaluate the muskmelon yield under different soil water tensions. A randomized block experimental design was used with five treatments (soil water tensions of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kPa) and four replications (plots of two rows of 14 plants). Two harvests were carried out and the fruit yield, stem diameter, number of fruits per plant and efficiency of water use were evaluated. Irrigation was performed with a drip irrigation system and managed with tensiometry. The cultivar Bonus n.2 was used with spacing of 1.0 x 0.6 m. The data of the variables were subjected to the F test and regression test. The treatments showed statistical differences in number of fruits per plant, fruit weight (fruit yield) and stem diameter. The highest fruit yield found was 1.36 kg fruit-1 and the highest water use efficiency was 4.08 g mm-1 with irrigation for a soil water tension of 10 kPa. The lowest fruit yield was found with irrigation for a soil water tension of 50 kPa. Keywords: Cucumismelovar. reticulatus, water deficit, soil water.
Crop water stress index for watermelon
Scientia Horticulturae, 2003
This study was conducted to determine the suitability of a crop water stress index (CWSI) to schedule irrigation for watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) grown with trickle irrigation. The effects of five irrigation levels (100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% replenishment of soil water depleted from 0.90 m soil profile depth) on watermelon yields and resulting CWSI were investigated. The highest yield and water use was obtained under fully irrigated conditions (100% replenishment of soil water depleted) in 2 years. The CWSI was calculated from measurements of infrared canopy temperatures, ambient air temperatures and vapor pressure deficit values for five irrigation levels. The trends in CWSI values were consistent with the soil water contents induced by the deficit irrigations. Unlike the yield, CWSI increased with increased soil water deficit. An average CWSI of about 0.41 before irrigation produced the maximum yield. The yield was directly correlated with mean CWSI values and the linear equation 'Y ¼ 91:143 À 66:077 CWSI' can be used for yield prediction. The CWSI value was useful for evaluating crop water stress in watermelon and should be useful for timing irrigation and predicting yield.
Determining the irrigation regime of watermelon
Determining the optimum crop water requirements is considered one of the most important factors affecting plant productions. Excessive application of water can damage watermelon and face fruit quality with problems, leading to a reduction of the melon fruit yield, lower fruit quality characteristics, and plant disease. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the crop water requirement of watermelon in a field experiment using the CROPWAT model at Koga and Rib irrigation schemes. The experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2018 irrigation seasons for two years in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design having 12 treatments; three irrigation intervals (14, 21, and 28 days) and the model generated depth of 50 %, 75 %, 100 %, and 125 %. The results indicated that 75 % depth of water applied within 14 days interval at Koga irrigation scheme gave a total of 40.2 t ha −1 yield with water productivity of 0.29 kg m −3. In the case of Rib, 75 % of irrigation depth showed that better yield production within 21 days irrigation interval and produced 67.9 t ha −1 fruit yield with water productivity 0.94 kg m −3. In both locations, the fruit diameter and fruit length were not statistically significant among treatments. Generally, this research showed that an appropriate regime of irrigation had significantly increased crop water use and yield production.
2020
Grafted seedlings are used not only for protection from soil-borne diseases but also to increase tolerance to abiotic stress conditions, improve fruit quality and increase nutrient uptake in the soil. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of different watermelon rootstocks on weight loss of watermelon fruits, which were obtained at deficit irrigation levels and they were stored under controlled conditions for different periods. For this purpose, 2 citron watermelons, 1 open bottle gourd and 1 hybrid TZ-148 which is widely used for watermelon in Turkey were used as rootstock. The "Crimson Tide" commercial cultivar was grafted onto these rootstocks and non-grafted applications were used as control lots. 5 different irrigation levels were applied according to the plant pan coefficient such as kcp1 = 1.00 (I100), kcp2 = 0.75 (I75), kcp3 = 0.50 (I50), kcp4 = 0.33 (I33) and kcp5 = 0.00 (I0) non-irrigated. According to the results, all watermelon rootstocks caused b...
A field study was conducted in Ankara, a semi-arid region of Central Anatolia, Turkey, on clay-loamy soils in the vegetation seasons of 2005 and 2006. Kırkağaç melon cultivar (Cucumis melo L. cv. Kırkağaç) was irrigated by the drip method from transplantation to the beginning of the flowering (IS f ), fruit setting (IS fs ), ripening (IS r ), and harvesting (IS h ) periods. Water amounting to 50% (P 50 ), 75% (P 75 ), and 100% (P 100 ) of full irrigation water were applied. Some analyses were carried out regarding the growth, yield, and fruit quality parameters in these irrigation programs. Moreover, the amount of water, the seasonal evapotranspiration, and the water use efficiency having been used were determined for each irrigation program. Carrying on the irrigation during the ripening period furthered shoot growth except P 100 application, did not significantly affect fruit yield and the soluble solids content of the fruit flesh. Similar but relatively larger fruit size and heavier weight were found in the treatments of IS r and IS h . Fruit yields in the P 75 and P 100 applications were found similar, but they were found to be higher than the P 50 application. The soluble solids contents and the ratings of sensory characteristics were higher in the P 75 application. As a result of this study, with respect to the considerably high yield and fruit quality, it was suggested that irrigation be kept on going until the beginning of fruit setting, not during the ripening period, and the application of 75% of full irrigation water amount (IS r P 75 ) is the most convenient irrigation program. In addition, irrigation water amounting to 319.6-331.1 mm was applied and 427.1-472.6 mm seasonal evapotranspiration and 8.9-9.2 kg m -3 water use efficiency was determined in the (IS r P 75 ) irrigation program. Damla yöntemiyle sulanan kırkağaç kavununda farklı sulama programlarının gelişme, verim ve meyve kalitesine etkileri Özet: Çalışma, Orta Anadolu'nun yarı kurak iklim bölgesinde yer alan Ankara ilinde, killi tın topraklarda, 2005 ve 2006 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Damla yöntemiyle sulanan Kırkağaç kavun çeşidi (Cucumis melo L. cv. Kırkağaç), dikimden başlayarak, çiçeklenme (IS f ), meyve oluşumu (IS fs ), olgunlaşma (IS r ) ve hasat (IS h ) başlangıcına kadar sulanmış, bitkilere tam sulama konusunun % 50 (P 50 ), % 75 (P 75 ) ve % 100'ü (P 100 ) kadar su verilmiştir. Bu sulama programlarında, bazı bitki gelişmesi, verim ve meyve kalitesi parametrelerine ilişkin ölçme ve analizler yapılmıştır. Her sulama programı için uygulanan sulama suyu miktarları, mevsimlik toplam su tüketimleri ve su kullanım randımanları saptanmıştır. Sulamaya olgunlaşma periyodunda devam edilmesi, P 100 uygulamaları dışında, vejetatif gelişmeyi arttırmış, verimi ve kuru maddeyi önemli düzeyde etkilememiştir. IS r ve IS h deneme konularında benzer ancak diğerlerinden yüksek meyve 243 Research Article Turk J Agric For 33 (2009) 243-255 © TÜBİTAK büyüklüğü ve ağırlığı bulunmuştur. Meyve verimi P 75 ve P 100 uygulamalarında benzer ancak P 50 uygulamasından yüksek olmuştur. P 75 uygulamasında, diğer P uygulamalarından daha yüksek kuru madde ve tat özellikleri elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, yüksek verim ve kalite açısından, sulamaların olgunlaşma başlangıcına kadar sürdürülmesinin ve olgunlaşma periyodunda sulama yapılmamasının, bunu yanında, tam sulama suyu miktarının % 75'i kadar su verilmesinin (IS r P 75 ) en uygun sulama programı olduğu bulunmuştur. IS r P 75 sulama programında, 316.9-331.1 mm sulama suyu uygulanmış, bitki su tüketimi 427.1-472.6 mm, su kullanım randımanı 8.9-9.2 kg m -3 olarak saptanmıştır. Anahtar sözcükler: Kırkağaç, kavun, damla sulama, verim, meyve kalitesi, su kullanım randımanı
Effect of Irrigation Intervals and Potassium Levels on Yield and Quality of Watermelon
Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of Hort. Res. Inst. at Kaha, Qalubia Governorate during the summer season of 2010 and 2011 to study the effect of both irrigation intervals (7, 14 and 21 days) and potassium fertilization at rate of (75, 150 and 225kg K 2 O/fed.), as well as their interaction on growth, yield and its components as well as fruit quality of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) cv. Aswan plants cultivated in clay loam soil with pH 8.2. The obtained results indicated that elongating irrigation period linearly decreased the means of all vegetative growth parameters, while potassium treatments improved them, especially at the rate of 225kg/fed. which gave the highest values. Irrigation every 7 days by intervals increased fruit weight, diameter, length and cortex thickness, but decreased number of fruits/plant, total and marketable yield and TSS content. The opposite was the right concerning irrigation every 14 and 21 days. Fruit unmarketable yield was increased as a result of irrigation every 7 days, but was markedly decreased when irrigation was done every 14 or 21 days. The medium and high levels of potassium (150 and 225kg/fed., respectively) induced a significant increment in No. of fruits/plant, fruit weight, diameter and length, marketable yield and TSS content comparing with the low level (75kg/fed.). They were also reduced the percent of unmarketable fruits and cortex thickness to the minimum values in comparison to the low level. Data also showed that irrigation intervals had no effect on acidity, whereas total sugars, K and N contents were progressively increased with elongating irrigation period. On the other hand, increasing potassium rate significantly reduced acidity, but cumulatively raised the content of total sugars, K and N. In addition, water use efficiency (WUE) was progressively increased with elongating irrigation interval, while potassium use efficiency (KUE) was only improved by 14 days interval treatment. Potassium fertilization was positively effective at the rate of 150kg/fed. that elevated WUE to the highest value, whereas KUE argumentatively decreased with increasing K rate. The interactions or combined treatments between irrigation intervals and K levels had more pronounced effect on all characters mentioned before, especially the interaction between either 14 or 21 days interval and 150kg K 2 O/fed., which improved the most studied traits over other interactions in both seasons. So, to obtain the best vegetative growth from watermelon plants cultivated under conditions similar to those of Delta region, it is preferred to irrigate once every 7 days and fertilize with 150kg K 2 O/fed., while to score the highest yield suitable for marketing, it is advised to irrigate once every 14 days + fertilization with the same previous level of K. To get the best quality and highest TSS content with uncracked fruits, it could be recommended to irrigate once every 21 days plus fertilization with 150kg K 2 O/fed.
Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2015
The aim of this study is to determine the effects of deficit irrigation on nitrogen consumption, yield, and quality in grafted and ungrafted watermelon. The study was conducted in Çukurova Region, Eastern Mediterranean, Turkey, between 2006 and 2008, and employed 3 irrigation rates (full irrigation [I 100 ] with no stress, moderate irrigation [DI 70 ], and low irrigation [DI 50 ]; DI 70 and DI 50 were considered deficit irrigation) on grafted (CTJ: Crimson Tide +Jumbo) and the ungrafted (CT: Crimson Tide) watermelon. The amount of irrigation water (IR) applied to the study plots were calculated based on cumulative pan evaporation that occurred during the irrigation intervals. Nitrogen consumption was 16% lower in CTJ plants than in CT plants. On the other hand, consumption of nitrogen was 28% higher in DI 50 plants than in DI 70 plants while it was 23% higher in DI 50 plants than in I 100 plants. By grafting, the average amount of nitrogen content in seeds, pulp and peel for CTJ was %30, %43 and %56 more than those of CT, respectively. The yield and the quality were not significantly affected by the deficit irrigation. In this respect, grafting of watermelon gave higher yield, but, it had a slight effect on fruit quality. The highest yield values of 16.90 kg plant-1 and 19.32 kg plant-1 in 2008 were obtained with I 100 and in CTJ plants, respectively. However, DI 50 treatment could be taken into account the development of reduced irrigation strategies in semiarid regions where irrigation water supplies are limited. Additionally, the yield increased by applying CTJ treatment to the watermelon production.