Yield response and stability among cowpea genotypes at three planting dates and test environments (original) (raw)
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Yield performance stability of adapted and improved cowpea in the Equatoria region of South Sudan
LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
Cowpea is an important food crop with high nutritional and socio-economical values in South Sudan. However, the lack of improved varieties is one of the main production constraints. This study was undertaken to assess the yield stability performance of improved cowpea genotypes across six environments in South Sudan in 2014 and 2015. Nine genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Genotype and genotype x environment biplot analysis method was used to determine yield stability. Highly significant (p less than 0.001) genotype x environment interaction effect was detected for seed yield. IT90K-277-2 had the highest while ACC004 had the lowest grain yield. Palotaka was as highly discriminating and repeatable environment compare to the other testing sites. IT07K-211-1-8 and Mading Bor II were the most responsive genotypes, while IT90K-277-2 was the most stable high yielding genotype across the test environments and can be grown by farmers acro...
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
Climate change has imposed greater challenge on cowpea production in the savannah ecology of West Africa sub-region in the recent time, however, development of varieties that combined resilience (stability) and precocity with high seed yield would be a sustainable approach to mitigate this problem. To this end, nine advanced breeding lines were evaluated along with two commercial varieties across three locations in guinea savannah ecology, using a randomized complete block design of three replications. Results obtained for seed yield and yield components indicate that the eleven cowpeas exhibited substantial variability for all plant traits studied and implications discussed. Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis however revealed that the variations recorded were substantially attributable to genotypic component (70-80%) and less of environment (0.7-7.0%), a measure of phenotypic stability of these cowpea lines. However, seed yield and yield components vary significantly across the three locations, which further emphasize the important role of soil and climatic variables to cowpea production. In this study, two varieties (IT07K-299-6 and IT11K-61-82) consistently combined high seed yield (＞ 2 tons/ha) with precocity across the three locations, and could be multiplied for distribution to farmers as short-term intervention for yield increase. Reduced seed viability of these varieties reflects seed storage challenge in cowpea farming. In addition to significant contributions of some yield components to seed yield, there was evidence of strong association between precocity and high yield, and its implication for cowpea improvement discussed.
International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences, 2021
Cowpea is an important legume crop growing across the world mainly in tropical and subtropical regions including Ethiopia. However, the production and adoption of cowpea at the study area is mainly constrained by drought and lack of high yielding varieties. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to identify promising and better yielding improved cowpea varieties for drought tolerance related traits. A total of six improved cowpea varieties were evaluated using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Mieso during the main cropping season of 2018 and 2019. The study identified the superior performing cowpea varieties for different studied traits. The combined analyses of variance revealed the presence of tremendous genetic variation among improved cowpea varieties for all the studied traits, which implies the availability of substantial genetic variation among varieties. Overall, White Wonder and Black Eyebean had better performance compared to the other varieties for yield and the yield related traits. White Wonder (1524.66 kgha-1) and Black Eyebean (1235.69 kgha-1) varieties recorded the highest grain yield and identified as the superior improved cowpea varieties. Therefore, based on the results of adaptation experiment, White Wonder and Black Eyebean were recommended for production and adoption at Mieso and other similar environments.
African Journal of Agricultural Research , 2022
Fifteen improved and two local genotypes of Vigna unguiculata were evaluated for their performance in grain yield, yield components and yield stability from 2016 to 2018. Experiments were laid out in a Randomised Complete Block Design, with three replications. Data were collected on grain yield and yield components and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Stability analysis for grain yield was conducted using Francis and Kannenberg's genotype-grouping technique. Results of combined ANOVA revealed highly significant (p<0.001) differences among genotypes, and across years for studied traits, except for days to physiological maturity, with non-significant yearly variations. Genotype by year interactions were non-significant except for number of seeds per pod, days to 50% flowering and hundred seed weight. Genotype, IT08K-126-19, gave the highest mean grain yield (3611 kgha-1), while "Akidi elu" gave the least (1695 kgha-1). Genotypes, IT08K-126-19, IT07K-210-1-1 and IT09K-456 gave higher and more stable grain yields. Meanwhile, IT08K-180-11, IT10K-837-1 and "Akidi elu", gave lower and unstable yields. The results revealed that sufficient variability exists among genotypes, which can be exploited in breeding programmes. Genotypes with high and stable yields can be released to farmers to boost productivity.
Asian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2016
Field experiment was conducted during 2013/14 rainy season in two selected districts of north western Ethiopia with the objective of evaluate the adaptability and yield performance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) varieties under sole cropping. Treatments consisted of seven cowpea (TVU, Bekur, 9333, 9334, 12688, Kenkety and Black eye bean) varieties in randomized complete block design with three replication per district. Variety showed highly significance difference in their Dry Matter Yield (DMY) and the value ranged 2.07 to 4.19 t/ha. Cowpea variety 9334 showed highly significance (4.19) difference in its DMY as compared to12688 (3.09), black eye bean (2.85), TVU (2.79) and bekur (2.07t/ha). Seed yield also showed highly significance difference by variety and district. Cowpea variety 9333 gave significantly higher (1235.4kg/ha) seed yield compared to TVU (733.3), 9334 (722.9), black eye bean (511.8) and bekur 487.5 kg/ha. There was also significant variation between the number of seeds per pod obtained from kenkety and 12688 with that of most cowpea varieties. Black eye bean significantly differed from all cowpea varieties evaluated in its thousand seed weight. Based on yield data kenkety 9333 and 9334 recommended as alternative legume forage crops from cowpea varieties evaluated under sole cropping for Jabitehnan and South Achefer areas.
Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 2017
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is one of the most important grain legumes in the semi-arid regions of many African countries including Ethiopia. However, it is less cultivated and scarcely distributed pulse crop in Abergelle due to a lack of improved varieties. A field experiment was conducted during the 2014 and 2015 main cropping seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications to evaluate seven cowpea varieties for yield and yield related traits under rain-fed conditions at Abergelle Agricultural Research Center on station. Analysis of variance of data showed significantly varietal differences at P< 0.05 for days to 50% flowering; pod filling period, 90% physiological maturity, pod length and plant height, number of seeds per pod, seed yield, grain yield, biomass yield and thousand seed weight. However, no significant varietal difference was observed for harvest index. Bekur had the highest seed yield (14.85 qt.ha-1) followed by Bole (13.57 qt.ha-1), while the lowest seed yield was observed from BEB (6.71 qt.ha-1). Overall, Bekur and Bole had better performance compared to the other varieties for yield and the yield related traits. As compared to the rest, these two varieties were therefore recommended as promising varieties to the farmers of Abergelle area and other districts having the same agro-ecologies based on their optimal performance for adoption.
Journal of Plant breeding and Crop Science, 2018
Ethiopia is claimed to be a center of diversity for cowpea production. The crop is the most drought tolerant and could help the country overcome the recurrent drought problem; however, the yield is very low due to lack of effort to develop varieties. This research was conducted to evaluate the stability of cowpea genotypes and to estimate the magnitude of genotypes by environment interaction (GEI) effect on grain yield. Sixteen cowpea genotypes were tested at seven environments in an experiment laid out in a 4 × 4 triple lattice design during 2016/17 cropping season. The combined analysis of variance over environments showed significant differences among genotypes and environments, along with significant effect of GEI on grain yield, days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height and pods per plants. Analysis of variance for grain yield from AMMI model indicated the contribution of genotype and environment, with GEI accounting for about 63.3, 5.3 and 29.7% of the total sum of squares, respectively. The result indicated that environments contributed much to the observed variations suggesting the need to test cowpea genotypes in diverse environments. Considering all stability parmeters, viz; deviation from regression (S 2 di), coefficient of regression (bi) from ER's model, IPCA1, IPCA2 and AMMI stability value (ASV) from AMMI model, GGE biplot and variety TVU was identified as the most stable with mean yield above the mean grain yield of genotypes. Two genotypes: IT-99K-1060a (1398.8 kg/ha) and 86D-378 (1377.1 kg/ha) had first and second highest yield, identified as responsive to both environments but more to favorable environments suggesting the need to further test and develop as varieties. The other two genotypes: 95K-1095-4A and 93K-619-1, identified as unstable and highly responsive to environments suggested to consider the genotypes as candidate varieties where they performed best. Melkassa, Sekota and Jinka were identified as more descrimnating environments, whereas Arbaminch and Kobo were ideal for selecting superior genotypes; however, Babile and Meisso were non descrimnating environments.
African Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology (AJAST) , 2016
Evaluation of Inter relationships between seed yield and its associated traits and determination of level of yield stability of 25 cowpea genotypes were carried out from August to November in 2009 and 2010, at the Eastern research farm of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike. The experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated 3 times. The results showed that seed yield/ha had highly significant and positive correlation with number of pods/plant (0.8656** and 0.4767**) and 100 seed weight (0.3151** and 0.3661 **) in both years respectively. Also, stepwise multiple regression indicated that number of pods/plant was the largest contributor to seed yield, accounting for 75 and 78% of the total seed yield in both years while 100 seed weight accounted for 5 and 2% in 2009 and 2010 respectively, hence selection of crops with large number of pods/plant is a reliable strategy for seed yield improvement in cowpea. IT03K-378-4 and IT87K-499-35 were best in terms of seed yield/ha in 2009 and 2010, respectively. The cowpea genotypes: DANILLO and IT04K-321-2 were highly stable in seed yield/ha across the 2 years of study.
2018
This study was carried out to evaluate and identify adapted improved cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) (Fabaceae) varieties in southern tigray lowlands of Ethiopia. A field experiment was conducted during the 2016 and 2017 main cropping seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications to evaluate three improved cowpea varieties for yield and yield related traits under rain-fed conditions at Mekoni Agricultural Research Center site and Kara Adisheho farmer’s field. Analysis of variance showed that all the traits measured were statistically significant at 5% level of probability except plant height. The earliest days to 90% maturity (79 days) were observed for the variety Kenkety, whereas the longest was recorded by bole variety (89.6 days). Similarly, Kenkety variety filled their seeds in a short period of time (25 days) compared to Assebot and Bole varieties (29; 32 days). The highest pooled mean grain yield was obtained from Kenkety variety (1958 kgha), ...
African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2015
Cowpea is well adapted to environmental conditions that affect crop production such as drought, high temperatures and other biotic stresses compared with other crops. Notwithstanding, growth and development of many cowpea cultivars are affected by drought and high temperatures, especially during floral development. This is because cowpea cultivars tend to have narrow range of adaptation as cultivars developed for one zone usually are not very productive in other zones. A study on the yield and growth performance of seven cowpea varieties was conducted during the 2012 major and minor rainy seasons at the CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Kwadaso-Kumasi, Ghana to compare the performance of the seasonal variation on each variety. These improved varieties Nhyira, Tona, Asetenapa, Asomdwe, Hewale, Videza and IT 89KD374-57 were evaluated using a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The results showed that varieties Hewale, Videza and Nhyira gave higher seed yields, whereas IT 89KD374-57 and Asetenapa had lower seed yields. Nhyira and Hewale gave comparatively better seed yields under both conditions. Hewale was the highest seedyielding genotype under both major and minor raining season. Cowpea production could be a profitable agribusiness for cowpea growers in Ghana considering the higher returns in terms of grain yield obtained in both seasons.