A typological study of mosque internal spatial arrangement: A case study on Malaysian mosques (1700-2007) (original) (raw)
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Architectural Styles of Malaysian Mosque: Suitability In Compact Urban Settings
MATEC Web of Conferences , 2019
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This research explores the historical development of Islamic architecture in Southeast Asia from the first idea to design a mosque by the Prophet Mohammad until the development at these days with the various purism passages And as developed up these days with the passages of the development of the traditional type to the postmodern, finally to modern Southeast Asia. The Islamic architecture has been developed in six traditional typologies of types of mosques is renowned throughout the world. Southeast Asia mosques are divided into various types according to the regional culture as Arabic type, Turkish type, the Iranian type, the Indian type, the Chinese type and South East Asian type. This research describes the main characteristics of these types. The main purpose of this research is to draw a correlation between the descriptions of the mosques in Malaysia as presented in the traditional typology that contains in its features in main types, relations in common throughout the Islamic world, however, distinguishes itself with the architectural form according to the local tradition. Keyword (the Arabian type, the Turkish type, the Iranian type, the Indian type, the Chinese type and the South East Asia type, architecture in Malaysia) I. INTRODUCTION The first mosque was born in Medina, an idea from the Prophet Mohammad was a rectangular building constructed of mud and covered the roof of palm leaves on local style flat construction that has four walls with two opposite sides of the roof. The first section of the roof covered in palm leaves as its columns and is located in a position adjacent to the rooms belonging to the Prophet Muhammad. The other section is covered in correspondence to the opposite end of the mosque where the poor people and, immigrants have spent the night and even those who have dedicated their lives to the learning of the Koran and serve the prophet. All the impression of the mosque can be described as a building with a flat surface of the roof in a primitive style with a generous compound of various open spaces, the idea of the multipurpose room, was a place of worship and prayer, an idea of an open space of multi uses. This type of multi uses has is by many in the building of mosques modern with free choice of architectural forms, only one important thing the direction of Qiblah, this teaches the elasticity and the simplicity of Islamic architecture, how to leverage all spaces in a single large space multipurpose room, was designed by the prophet Muhammad to teach to the followers of modesty and simplicity and equality between people that more recent. Has been applied to the functionalist theory. And this freedom and architectural elasticity helped architects Muslims in various countries of the Islamic world of design several different forms according to their tradition also allowing imitation of various cultures non-Islamic, creating a modern architecture and attractive elastic as in case studies that we study in this research, as can be (seen figure.1)
Issues and Problems of Modern Mosques Design in Malaysia: A Critical Analysis
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Frontiers of Architectural Research Journal - Elsevier, 2013
This study attempts to quantify the influence of spatial configuration on the functional efficiency of mosque layouts in the early Ottoman period. The literature review consists of two parts. The first part is a theoretical study of the relationship between spatial configuration and functional efficiency of mosque layouts. This part highlights the key syntactical characteristics and effect of spatial configuration on the level of functional efficiency using space syntax theory. The second part is an analytical comparative description of the changes and transformations in the configurations of mosque layouts. The architectural styles are classified into six types based on layout designs. The main benchmarks and indicators involved in measuring the functional efficiency of mosque layouts are analyzed using the A-graph 2009 software program, which provides numerical results. This analysis compares entire samples of mosque layout designs for each category. The numerical results indicate the effect of spatial configurations and the functions of mosque layouts. This study shows that mosques with courtyard layouts are accessible, efficient, and flexible in terms of function because of their distinct syntactical and morphological spatial structures.
"The main purpose of the paper is to set up an initial framework of architectural description of Muslim architecture in Malaysia within the context of the architectural concern of ‘style’. The main concern is to elucidate clearly the different architectural styles of Muslim architecture and suggest hypotheses for future studies in relation to the forces which might have been instrumental in the conception of these styles. The paper is important in order to project the message that much of what we understand as ‘Islamic Architecture’ in the present literature comes from various artistic and political agendas that have questionable merits compared to an analytical approach of Islamic architecture from the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The paper is also important for practicing architects to understand that the present syntax of ‘Islamic Architecture’ with its references in Middle Eastern, Mid Asian and African models are not necessarily the best precedence to project the architectural message of Islam. As opposed to the three classification of Traditional, Colonial and Modern styles of mosque architecture, the paper has identified seven main styles with a suggestion of the rationale and influences of those styles. Keywords: Mosque, Style, Islamic-Architecture"
A mosque's spatial planning is principally governed by the direction of qibla and the saf (lines) formed by the congregation; which is perpendicular to the qibla axis. Such simple requirements however pose several design problems as the spaces within a mosque are expected to satisfy both liturgical and socio-religious requirements as a consequence of a mosque becoming the centre for communal activities. The spatial challenges in a mosque design are: • the provision of workable spaces and form to cater for the saf of the congregation • convertible multi-purpose spaces to satisfy the interchangeable functions of a mosque from sacred to profane activities • expandable spaces that accommodate for increment in the numbers of congregation participants during festival times such as the Eids.
The main purpose of the research is to set up an initial framework of architectural description of Muslim architecture in Malaysia within the context of the architectural concern of 'style'. The main concern is to elucidate clearly the different architectural styles of Muslim architecture and suggest hypotheses for future studies in relation to the forces which might have been instrumental in the conception of these styles. The research is important in order to project the message that much of what we understand as 'Islamic Architecture' in the present literature comes from various artistic and political agendas that have questionable merits compared to an analytical approach of Islamic architecture from the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The research is also important for practicing architects to understand that the present syntax of 'Islamic Architecture' with its references in Middle Eastern, Mid Asian and African models are not necessarily the best precedence to project the architectural message of Islam. As opposed to the three classification of Traditional, Colonial and Modern styles of mosque architecture, the research has identified seven main styles with a suggestion of the rationale and influences of those styles.
Spatial and Architectural Design Aspects in Community Based Mosques
Journal of Islamic Architecture, 2001
Indonesia as one of the biggest Muslim countries in the world are very rich in the quality and quantity of<br />mosques architecture. The largest number of mosques in Indonesia is designed, built, and developed by local<br />communities. Unfortunately, the potention of these kind of mosques is often unconsciously forgotten in the<br />field of architectural studies. Therefore, this research is held to define these mosques’ spatial and<br />architectural design aspects which were considered as appropriate for the needs of their local communities’.<br />As a descriptive-qualitative architectural research, the methods employed in this research are (1) field<br />surveying, (2) architectural documenting, and (3) informal interview, which were held in three purposive<br />sample of mosques: Masjid An-Nur Jagalan, Masjid Gading Pesantren, and Masjid Jami’ Kauman Malang. These<br />three mosques were chosen because of their close relations wi...
Historiography of Mosque Architecture in Malaysia: Analysis of Texts by 5 Authors
2016
Malaysian mosques exhibit remarkable variations, ranging from humble traditional timber structures to massive modern complexes. This evolution has been studied by numerous historians, architects, and academicians resulting in a steadily expanding historiography of mosque architecture. However, this body of work on the history and development of local mosques has never been formally studied in detail as a whole. Therefore, this paper focuses on 2 major aspects: first, identifying general research approaches present in the historiography of mosque architecture in Malaysia, and second, classifying the formal elements and characteristics used to describe the architecture of local mosques. Based on selected texts from 5 Malaysian authors, it was identified that these works are descriptive studies that are primarily structured on a combination of chronological, stylistic, cultural, geographical and typological approaches. Additionally, descriptions of mosque architecture by the authors were based on a set of formal elements and characteristics which falls into 5 distinct categories: i) typological element, ii) spatial organisation, iii) roof form, iv) building technology, and v) design articulation. These results reflect the complexity of mosque development in Malaysia and the multiple angles that are possible to holistically examine them. This paper also discusses 3 significant aspects embedded within the study of mosque architecture in Malaysia, covering unique elements and characteristics of local mosques, followed by issues related to language, conceptual, and factual ambiguity, and finally on the complexity of mosque classifications.
Malaysia’s rich historical background has resulted in a unique local architecture that exhibits complex and wide-ranging variations and influences. Amongst the different types of architecture, mosques are unique as it has an unchanging and eternal primary function – as a place for communal worship – whilst architecturally has been constantly evolving since the earliest mosques were erected in this country. Current inquiries in the field of architectural history of mosques in Malaysia have primarily focused on inventory-based historical studies, comparative studies and thematic studies in the form of monographs, all of which tend to be non-holistic and compartmentalized in their approach. Subsequently, the main objective of this paper is to establish a holistic approach in studying mosque architecture by linking the earliest mosques to contemporary ones and mapping their formal relationships through the use of typological classification. This paper will focus on 12 selected mosques in Malaysia which were carefully chosen to represent a wide range of mosque varieties. Their transformation will be studied from aspects of morphology, technology and design articulation characteristics which were based on 6 selected literatures on the architectural history of mosques in Malaysia. Data was collected in the form of artefact-based evidence gathered on-site, strengthened with academic research, documentation and records, and the results were contextualized and corroborated with the general history of Malaysian architecture. Initial findings have shown that mosque transformation within each characteristic exhibited different patterns and trends that may not have been explicitly highlighted using existing historical approaches. Finally, critical issues in the studies of mosque architecture in Malaysia will be foregrounded in the hope that it will shift the focus towards the larger context of the Muslim world architecture and help find a more seamless fit within its historical narrative.