Diagnosis and classification of rheumatoid arthritis (original) (raw)

Author's personal copy Diagnosis and classification of rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic inflammatory disease of unclear etiology that is manifested in by a progressive and destructive polyarthritis in association with serological evidence of autoreactivity. It diagnosis is based on the classification criteria that involves four parameters: joint involvement, serology (rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide -anti-CCP), levels of acute phase reactants and the duration of the symptoms Aletaha, et al. . This classification simplify the categorization of the patients on with early RA, however, the diagnosis requires highly trained specialist who are able to differentiate early symptoms of RA from other pathology.

Rheumatoid Arthritis: Brief Overview of Diagnosis and Treatment along with Disease Management

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a multisystem illness specifically marked through chronic distension and joint destruction. Time of life, gender, heredity, and ecological familiarity are risk factors (cigarette smoking, air contaminants, and industrial). If left untreated, Felty disorder can lead to permanent joint damage needing arthroplasty, rheumatic vasculitis, rheumatic vasculitis, and rheumatic vasculitis necessitating splenectomy. Because RA is noncurable, the focus of action is on reducing discomfort and preventing additional damage via rest. In this article, I provide a brief overview of various previous and current reporting mechanisms for RA-related issues. Description: RA is a debilitating, long-term illness that can cause joint deterioration and incapacitating symptoms. Initial analysis, in addition to participation, is crucial in preventing grave damage and the forfeiture of dynamic bodily roles. Autoantibodies including rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti cyclic ...

Rheumatoid Arthritis, Its Diagnostic Approach and How to treat it

International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Research Studies

Introduction. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease characterized by symmetrical erosive polyarthritis leading to progressive disability. It is more common in women, with a 3:1 ratio. Environmental risk factors are smoking, exposure to silica and textile dust. Materials and methods. Fifteen articles and three books on rheumatoid arthritis were chosen to identify the most accurate diagnostic methods and the most effective and innovative treatments. Discussion. Related autoantibodies, such as rheumatoid factors, anti-citrullinated antibodies and anti- caramylated antibodies can be found in serum long before the disease develops. The interaction between genetic and environmental factors causes a breakdown of immune tolerance and triggers systemic autoimmunity. It has been shown that the lungs, oral mucosa, and gastrointestinal tract are initial sites where the immune system can become activated and produce RA. Different imaging techniques are available fo...

Comprehensive Review on Rheumatoid Arthritis

International Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharma Research, 2022

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory, systemic, progressive, autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system whose major role is to protect the health by attacking foreign bacteria and viruses are mistakenly, attacking the joints resulting in thickened synovium, pannus formation & destruction of bone, cartilage. Many complications can follow such as permanent joint damage requiring arthroplasty, rheumatoid vasculitis and elty's syndrome requiring splenectomy if it remains unaddressed. Still now researchers are unable to know the exact cause of this disease. However, it is believed that age, gender, genetics and environmental exposure (cigarette smoking, air pollutants and occupational) play a role in development of RA. As there is no cure for RA, the treatment goals are to reduce the pain and stop/slow the further damage. The identification of novel autoantibodies has improved diagnostic accuracy, and newly developed classification criteria facilitate the recognition and study of the disease early in its course. New clinical assessment tools are able to better characterize disease activity states, which are correlated with progression of damage and disability and permit improved follow up. In addition, better understanding of the pathogenesis of RA through recognition of key cells and cytokines has led to the development of targeted diseasemodifying antirheumatic drugs. Altogether, the improved understanding of the pathogenetic processes involved, rational use of established drugs and development of new drugs and reliable assessment tools have drastically altered the lives of individuals with RA over the past 2 decades. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of RA.

Arthritis-A Review of Clinical Features, Differential Diagnosis and Treatments

2010

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology affecting both articular tissues and extraarticular organs. The disease is often progressive and results in pain, stiffness, and swelling of joints culminating in significant morbidity and increased mortality. This chapter discusses the epidemiology, possible etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach and treatment options of RA.

Analysis of epidemiological factors and biological markers of rheumatoid arthritis

Innovative publication, 2016

Background: Early diagnosis is crucial in the management of rheumatoid arthritis, a prerequisite for timely intervention and to achieve better outcome. A prospective study was carried out to study epidemiological factors and biological markers of rheumatoid arthritis along with NEW ACR 2010 criteria and DAS28 aimed at early diagnosis and decreased morbidity. Material and Methods: 62 patients with various complaints indicating rheumatoid arthritis were included in this study between ages of 21 to 75 years based on new ACR 2010 criteria. Age and sex distribution, duration of disease, seasonal variation, socioeconomic status, pain in various joints, presentation with deformity and its interval from onset of disease, various biological markers (RA factor, antiCCP),disability score (das28) and VAS were observed: Results: Most common age group was 41-50 years with female-male ratio 4:1 and most commonly within 24 months of onset of disease and during winters. Most common pattern of joint involvement was wrist and MCP> PIP > Elbow, Shoulder and Knee > Ankle >Cervical >Lumbar spihe.28 joint involvement as DAS28was seen in 69.35%, 19.36% presented with classic deformity. RA factor was positive in 64.52% and Anti-CCP in 72.7% of RA factor negative cases. Mean DAS28 was 7.38 and 53.23% had NEW ACR 2010 score of 9. Conclusion: Anti-CCP can diagnose RA negative cases but if it is used together with DAS28 and NEW ACR 2010 score the accuracy of diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis improves and early treatment can be given improving its outcome and decreasing morbidity.