Effect of Tilapia mossembica stocking on larval growth of mosquitoes with special reference to Toaedes Mosquitoes in village ponds of tehsil Yazman, Pakistan (original) (raw)
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITO LARVAE USING EDIBLE FISH
Mosquito control has been a point of focus in scientific communities, especially health-providing units. Various methods have been tried and many more still being developed to eliminate or reduce mosquito populace. Certain environmental issues related with chemical control of mosquitoes have convinced experts to opt for eco-friendly methods. Among those methods are the biological control methods, which suppress vector populations through introduction/manipulation of organisms (natural enemies, e.g., parasites, disease organisms and predatory animals). Present study was focused on using edible fish as predator of mosquito larvae. Experimental results revealed that, edible fish have tremendous potential to be used as larvivorous predator of mosquito. It was further found that, larvivorous fish (Gambusia Affinis), used in this study preferred live larvae when compared with commercial food. The rate of consumption was between 180 to 190 larvae per fish per day, and fish preferred live larvae (65.72%) over dead larval stuff (37.14%). Another aim of the study was to determine the effect of light and dark periods on larvae consumption and it revealed that 88.75% of larvae were eaten in the presence of light and only 51.25% in dark by the mosquito fish. In micro-field condition, out of 500 larvae, only 13 (2.6 %) larvae were left, whereas rest of the larvae were consumed by the fish. The study suggests the larvivorous fish to be tried as biological control agent for mosquitoes.
In present study experiments were conducted on predation efficiency of Wild and GIFT tilapia on two different mosquito species 4 th larval instar (Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti) in laboratory controlled conditions to consider the number of parameters like fish size, temperature and feeding time at Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi. Tilapia fish is an efficient biocontrol agent against mosquito born diseases and have been used in controlling mosquitoes. Results showed that Wild tilapia prey consumption rate was greater at higher temperature 30 o C (388±4.590) and less at low temperature 20 o C (72.5±4.4319). Feeding of Wild tilapia showed maximum perdition efficiency in morning time (246.67±5.03) and minimum at afternoon and evening time (93.66±3.82 and 31.00±4.07 respectively). Considering the fish size in term of body weight predation rate increases with increasing body size. Wild tilapia is more efficient biocontrol agent against mosquito larvae (C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti) at 30 o C temperature in morning time as compared to GIFT tilapia.
Environment friendly management of mosquito: a short review
Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2018
Despite the large scale use of insecticides, capacity building, municipality, community and metropolis awareness, and preventive measures to counter vector borne diseases which are mounting day-by-day, new tools are now been introducing to prevent the spread of mosquito transmitted diseases. The low efficacy status of chemical pesticides have lead to the interest of researchers in search of fresh and even more practicable vector control methodologies to be applied. In this regards, multiple alternatives have been monitoring to develop control practice measures for the eradication, observation and control of mosquitoes at larval level by the use of a sustainable biological monitoring and control by an ordinary constructive predator, to exercise monitoring and practical control measures over parasites at larval stages in environmental and eco-friendly techniques. In particular, bio-control measures to monitor and control practical practices, context predatory larvivorous fish, dragonf...
Biological mosquito control is affected by alternative prey
Zoological Studies, 2015
Background Mosquitofish were introduced to several countries of the tropics and subtropics as biological agents for the control of mosquito larvae. Meanwhile, they became a threat to native communities and fish worldwide, similar to other invasive species through resource competition, overexploitation, or habitat alteration. We investigated prey selectivity patterns of Gambusia affinis (mosquitofish) preying on larvae of the two Indian major carps (Catla catla and Labeo rohita) in the presence of varied proportions of alternative prey (rotifers, cladocerans, chironomid and mosquito larvae) under laboratory conditions. Results The patterns of prey selectivity in mosquitofish were influenced by the presence of alternative prey and their relative abundance in the environment. Carp larvae, when present in equal proportions, were randomly selected by mosquitofish, however, positively selected when present in higher proportions. In the presence of Hexarthra mira, Daphnia similoides or the...
Acta Tropica, 1992
A randomized controlled trial was carried out in Assab under the auspices of the National Organization for the Control of Malaria and other Vectorborne Diseases of Ethiopia to assess the effectiveness of an indigenous cyprinodontid fish, Aphanius dispar, in controlling mosquito larvae, including the local malaria vector, Anopheles culicifacies adanensis. Cisterns, wells and barrels were found to be important breeding sites for the malaria vector and for culicine mosquitoes. Fish were equally effective in controlling mosquito larvae in all the types of breeding site investigated. The overall proportion of sites with fish that harboured mosquito larvae was 1.6%, ranging from 1.5 to 1.7% according to type of site, as compared to 34% in sites left unstocked, ranging from 17.9 to 60.0%. Monthly restocking offish where necessary was found to be sufficient to maintain an adequate level of control. Stocking of larvivorous fish in wells and household water storage containers was well-accepted by the participants, who were aware of the role of the fish in malaria prevention and found the fish useful in keeping their water free of other aquatic organisms. Based on the results of this study, larvivorous fish were introduced on an operational scale for the control of malaria transmission in Assab, with the voluntary participation of the population and the collaboration of the Municipality and health authorities of Assab.
Larvicidal Efficiency of Aquatic Predators: A Perspective for Mosquito Biocontrol
Zoological Studies, 2006
Ram Kumar and Jiang-Shiou Hwang (2006) Larvicidal efficiency of aquatic predators: a perspective for mosquito biocontrol. Zoological Studies 45(4): 447-466. Biological control of mosquito larvae with predators and other biocontrol agents would be a more-effective and eco-friendly approach, avoiding the use of synthetic chemicals and concomitant damage to the environment. Manipulating or introducing an auto-reproducing predator into the ecosystem may provide sustained biological control of pest populations. The selection of a biological control agent should be based on its self-replicating capacity, preference for the target pest population in the presence of alternate natural prey, adaptability to the introduced environment, and overall interaction with indigenous organisms. In order to achieve an acceptable range of control, a sound knowledge of various attributes of interactions between a pest population and the predator to be introduced is desirable. Herein, we qualitatively review a wide range of literature sources discussing the ability of different aquatic predators to control mosquito larval populations in environments where mosquitoes naturally breed. Different predators of mosquito larvae include amphibian tadpoles, fish, dragonfly larvae, aquatic bugs, mites, malacostracans, anostracans, cyclopoid copepods, and helminths. The most widely used biocontrol agents of mosquito populations are the western mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis, and the eastern mosquito fish, G. holbrooki. The effect of these fishes on native faunal composition and their inability to survive in small containers, tree holes etc., which are ideal breeding sites of vectorially important mosquitoes, make them inefficient in controlling mosquito populations. On the basis of larvicidal efficiency, the ability to produce dormant eggs, the hatchability of dormant eggs after rehydration, faster developmental rates, and higher fecundity, various tadpole shrimp can be considered to
Biological control of the mosquito: An analysis of the impediments and possibilities
https://www.dipterajournal.com, 2023
Biological control of mosquito is an eco-friendly approach for the control of some vector borne diseases. Numerous tools have been developed and applied to scale down the mosquito population, but the ultimate goal of these different strategies is only to mitigate the menace of mosquito and effectively prevent malaria like diseases. Unfortunately, most of these vectors control measurement the time limited prevention of diseases. For example, they were used as an insecticide, but insecticide resistant mosquito vectors are developed in course of time. Major efforts may be focused on generating eco-friendly alternatives. In current scenario there are many potential alternatives for eradicating and controlling the mosquito vectors biologically. Effective use of aquatic insect predators, larvivorous fishes, symbiotic bacteria, microbial agent and entopathogenic fungi for this purpose are still rather unexplored calling for further research. Biological control of mosquito vectors has been validated for several advantages over insecticides. To resolve the problem of current dependence on insecticidal-based mosquito elimination the option of biological control of this vector is ecofriendly and sustainable. The current knowledge of bio-controlling agents highlighting its significance in the field of public health with respective have been reviewed in this article along with the prospective challenges and opportunities.
Fish as Mosquito Control Agents in Mangroves
2018
The saltwater mosquito, Aedes vigilax (Skuse), is a major vector of Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus across sub-tropical and tropical Australia, and poses a significant human health risk, particularly in densely populated areas such as South East Queensland and Northern New South Wales regions of eastern Australia. The insect uses saltmarsh and mangrove basin forests as oviposition and larval habitats, and various mosquito control methods exist that target larval stages. Fish, acting as predators of larvae, have routinely been used as a component of mosquito control strategies worldwide. If managed appropriately biological control using fish can be effective, but if mismanaged, biological control can have serious environmental consequences. For example, the release of the Mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki (Girard)) for mosquito control in Australian waterways has caused significant ecological damage; G. holbrooki is now a major invasive pest. Nonetheless, mosquito control str...
We examined the potential of using native Þsh species in regulating mosquitoes in the ßoodplain of the Gambia River, the major source of mosquitoes in rural parts of The Gambia. Fishes and mosquito larvae were sampled along two 2.3-km-long transects, from the landward edge of the ßoodplain to the river from May to November 2005 to 2007. A semiÞeld trial was used to test the predatory capacity of Þsh on mosquito larvae and the inßuence of Þsh chemical cues on oviposition. In the Þeld, there was less chance of Þnding culicine larvae where Tilapia guineensis, the most common ßoodplain Þsh, were present; however, the presence of anophelines was not related to the presence or absence of any Þsh species. In semiÞeld trials, both T. guineensis and Epiplatys spilargyreius were effective predators, removing all late-stage culicine and anopheline larvae within 1 d. Fewer culicines oviposited in sites with Þsh, suggesting that ovipositing culicine females avoid water with Þsh. In contrast, oviposition by anophelines was unaffected by Þsh. Our studies show that T. guineensis is a potential candidate for controlling mosquitoes in The Gambia.