A restriction map of the ribosomal RNA genes and the short single-copy DNA sequence of the pearl millet chloroplast genome (original) (raw)
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We report the complete DNA sequence of the Euglena gracilis, Pringsheim strain Z chloroplast genome. This circular DNA is 143,170 bp, counting only one copy of a 54 bp tandem repeat sequence that is present in variable copy number within a single culture. The overall organization of the genome involves a tandem array of three complete and one partial ribosomal RNA operons, and a large single copy region. There are genes for the 16S, 5S, and 23S rRNAs of the 70S chloroplast ribosomes, 27 different tRNA species, 21 ribosomal proteins plus the gene for elongation factor EF-Tu, three RNA polymerase subunits, and 27 known photosynthesis-related polypeptides. Several putative genes of unknown function have also been identified, including five within large introns, and five with amino acid sequence similarity to genes in other organisms. This genome contains at least 149 introns. There are 72 individual group 1I introns, 46 individual group Ill introns, 10 group 11 introns and 18 group Ill introns that are components of twintrons (introns-within-introns), and three additional introns suspected to be twintrons composed of multiple group 11 and/or group Ill introns, but not yet characterized. At least 54,804 bp, or 38.3% of the total DNA content is represented by introns.
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Current genetics, 1990
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Genome, 1996
Two contrasting forms of Pennisetum belonging to the primary and tertiary gene pools were assessed for genomic organization using in situ hybridization with rDNA probes (1 8s-5.8s-25s and 5 s ) on metaphase and interphase cell nuclei. The primary gene pool is represented by diploid (2n = 2x = 14) cultivated pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and its close wild relatives (Pennisetum violaceum and Pennisetum mollissimum). Pennisetum schweinfurthii (2n = 2x = 14) was taken as representative of the tertiary gene pool, owing to its diploid status and its similarity to the accessions of the primary gene pool in chromosome number. Using the 18s-5.8s-25s probe, we observed two sites of distribution in the four species but at different locations. Within the primary gene pool, signals were detected on the telomeric part of the short arm of chromosome pair VI and at the nucleolar organizing region (NOR) of the satellited chromosome pair (VII). Signals were observed at the NOR of the two satellited chromosome pairs (I and IV) of P. schweinfurthii. The 5 s probe was detected at the telomeric part of the short arm of metacentric chromosome pair IV of the three species of the primary gene pool, while it occured in an intercalary position on the short arm of chromosome pair I1 of P. schweinfurthii. These results showed a chromosomal similarity of rDNA sequence locations within the primary gene pool and are in agreement with the high genetic identity between wild and cultivated forms of pearl millet previously revealed by allozyme studies. Implications of genomic organization for genetic resource enhancement are discussed.