Biomechanical and system analysis of the human femoral bone: correlation and anatomical approach (original) (raw)
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Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
The human femur is the subsystem of the locomotor apparatus and has got four levels of its organization. This phenomenon is the result of the evolution of the locomotor apparatus, encompassing both constitutional and individual variability. The main aim of this investigation was to study the organization of the human femur as a system of collaborating anatomical structures and, on the basis of system analysis, to define the less stable parameters, whose reorganization can cause the exchange of the system's status.
Effects of mechanical loading on the profile of human femoral diaphyseal geometry
Medical Engineering & Physics, 1994
In viva bone behaviour predictions with respect to altered loading conditions, im@tts, and endq~ostheses are highly desirable to avoid untoward ejkts such as implant loosening and breahage. This hnowle&e does not rebate only to the result but also to the mechanssms of bone a&nation and bone growth, Since bone growth is assumed to be determined essentially by the loading history, the morphology of the human femoral m&ha. region was adysed to extract those loading cases re$wnsiblc~ the ncr~al cross-sectional geometry. This was achieved by the application of computer-aided optimization (GAO), a procedure sup@menting a finite element analysis which allows@ simulation of aakpive bone growth. A simulated load was applied to a cylinder, and the resulting changes in geometry were compared with the geometry of three ex vivo samples. Apparent~, standard hnuiing cases abme (axial loading, bending, torsion), or at coruecutive or simultaneous application, did not yield the characteristic morphology of the f-al shaj region Only the inkoduction of the aaductor musck fice in various combinations with other start&d Lnrdingr resulted in f-al mid-sha$ geometries comparable with the ex vivo specimens.
A Study of Morphological Variations in Femur: Implications for Use in Orthopedic Procedures
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2016
The principal purpose of this study was to contribute to Indian data on femoral geometry. However emphasis has been given on the amount of variability of a parameter, particularly femoral anteversion angle and neck shaft angle, and its clinical application in orthopaedic procedures. For this study a total of 100 (50 right and 50 left) samples of femora were selected from the medical college at Rajasthan. All femora were dried, adult, and intact. Eights parameters were studied: femoral anteversion angle (FNA), neck-shaft angle (NSA), femoral offset (FO), neck width (NW), Anterior/posterior neck length (ANL & PNL), Oblique/Trochanteric-oblique length (OL & TOL). IMAGEJ software analysis of digital photograph of femora was used to evaluate FNA, NSA & FO. Other materials used were vernier caliper and osteometric board. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS. Coefficient of Variation (CV) in percentage (%) was derived and compared with other studies. In the results FNA showed maximum C...
Evaluación del campo de estrés combinado de flexión y compresión en un fémur proximal humano
Revista mexicana de ingeniería biomédica, 2003
One of the topics that has attracted attention is the exact evaluation of the mechanical behavior of the human femur. Several studies have been done, in order to establish if the femur is under compression or bending. For this purpose, experimental stress analysis has been applied, common techniques such as reflection photoelasticity or strain gages have been used. In the first case, the complete
MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF HUMAN FEMUR
Introduction: The femur is the largest and strongest bone in the body allowing mobility and stability to the lower limb. To understand various diseases of femur and to aid in its treatment. The present study on morphometric measurement of adult dry femur was done. Objectives: The objectives of present study to find out the measurements of Femoral Length, Neck Length of femur and Neck shaft angle. Materials and Methods: In present study have used 250femurs from different colleges in south India. The following measurements were measured Femoral Length, Neck Length of femur and Neck shaft angle. Results: The results obtained were the mean length of femur was 45.22 cm, left femur was 45.13 cm and right femur was 45.28 cm in male, mean length of femur was 41.84 cm, left femur was 42.14 cm and right femur was 41.54 cm in female. The anterior neck length of the femur was 3.07 cm, left femur was 3.18 cm and right femur was 2.88 cm. The neck shaft angle of femur was 126.65°, left femur was 125.82°, and right femur was 126.26°. Conclusion: There is no significance difference between right and left femur measurements. The result of present study may help the orthopaedician, radiologist and also for anthropological practice. Keywords: Femoral Length, Neck Length, Neck Shaft angle and Femur.
Effect of Geometry Variation on the Mechanical Behavior of the Proximal Femur
Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 2019
The mechanical behavior of a proximal femur under a normal body weight loading was examined. The geometry of the proximal femur was created in a finite element model using 29 reference points measured on the CT scan images of a patient. Four additional sets of measurements were calculated using ± (1) and ± (2) the standard deviation of the original set and the result of models was compared. The stress distribution and the locations of critical normal and shear stress, as well as the effect of the femur geometry which may be most susceptible to failure were examined. The findings of this study demonstrate an inferior distribution of stress in the plus-standard deviation models and indicate less ability to bear weight. The minus-standard deviation models appear to be better suited to bearing weight and indicate a more even distribution of the stresses generated within the proximal femur.
Morphological and structural characteristics of the proximal femur in human and rat
Bone, 1997
Because the ovarieetomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most commonly used small animal model to investigate consequences of bone loss on bone structure and strength, or to assess benefits of the various therapeutic strategies to improve bone mass and strength, the attempt was made to compaxe histoanatomicai and structural characteristics of the femoral neck beiween human and rat models. In addition to different biomechanics, there is a significant difference in g]ross-and microanatomy of the proximal femur between humans and rats. Percent of the cortical bone component is much Mgher in rats (72.5%) relative to humans (12.5%). Also, cortical bone at the femoral neck in rats is evenly distributed, whereas in humans there is a considerable difference in the amount of the cortical bone between the superior half of the femoral neck with cortical thickness being only 0.3 mm, and the inferior half of the neck having 6-mm-thick cortex. Humans have far more cancellous bone at the femoral neck (22.7% average) relative to rats (6.8%). In addition, cancellous bone at the femoral neck in humans is unevenly distributed between the bone center and its periphery. Human samples exhibited striking differences in the cancellous bone structure between weight-bearing and tensile trabecular groups exhibiting clear trabecular orientation consisting of plates and rods, and trabeculae around the neutral bone axis with little mechanical activity exhibiting rod-like trabeculae only. Although humans and rats have a periosteum covering the femoral neck, and each lacks the muscular attachment at intracapsular portions of the femoral neck, rats, in contrast to humans, have the ability to quickly adapt cortical thickness and increase inertia to meet mechanical needs via modeling-dependent periosteal apposition.
2015
Femur also known as the thigh bone is considered to be the strongest, heaviest and largest amongst all the bones. Femoral shaft fractures are very common major injuries that an orthopedic surgeon will require to treat. The possible cause of the shaft fracture may be the high energy sudden forces which creates heavy stress in the femur shaft that can cause failure of the shaft. This may be the case for tibia also. Anthropometrical variations are also present which plays a vital role in the stress variation. Anthropometric data varies from a set of population to other set of population. The method that can be used in order to analyze any femoral bone and tibia bone is the finite element analysis for number of samples because that will help in analyzing the heterogeneous material and complicated shapes.
Correlations between the mechanical properties, radiology and histomorphometry of human femoral bone
Clinical Biomechanics, 1992
Initial fixation of the femoral components of total hip replacements is related to the mechanica1 integrity of the bone within the proximal femur. This preliminary study examined the correlations between the mechanica1 properties, histomorphometry, and radiology of bone core specimens taken from the proximal femora of cadavers and of patients undergoing total hip replacement surgery. Measurements and subjective assessments of the femoral bone from radiographs were shown to have poor correlation with both compressive mechanica1 properties and bone volume measurements. However, the mechanica1 properties of the bone core specimens and the histomorphometric measurements correlated wel1 with the bone density measured by single-photon absorptiometry, indicating that this type of imaging technique may be of value in determining bone quality prior to surgery. Relevante The prediction of the mechanica1 properties of the proximal femur by preoperative imaging may have direct bearing on the type of femoral component to be used in total hip replacement. Preoperative assessment of bone quality would allow the surgeon to predict the likely fixation obtainable with different designs.