First report of Toxomerus dispar (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Syrphidae) preying Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in laboratory (original) (raw)
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Field Abundance and Performance of Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) on Soybean Aphid
Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 2014
The management of the soybean aphid Aphis glycines Matsumara is a major challenge to soybean production in the north-central United States. The identification and characterization of the insect predator community has informed integrated pest management strategies by providing insight on predators that can suppress soybean aphid populations. Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are known predators of A. glycines, but more information is needed on their diversity, abundance, and performance to evaluate their importance as biological control agents of A. glycines. In this study, syrphid abundance was evaluated across two growing seasons in four soybean fields in east-central Minnesota. Six methods were used to quantify syrphid abundance at the larval, pupal, and adult life stages; describe species composition and richness for adults; and directly compare larval abundance to aphid abundance. The syrphid community comprised eight species, dominated by Toxomerus marginatus (Say) and Toxomerus geminatus (Say). Syrphid abundance was relatively low in soybean fields. Feeding trials were conducted to compare the performance of the most common syrphid (T. marginatus) on a diet of A. glycines with two native aphids, Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe and Aphis monardae Oestlund. Despite their low abundance in soybeans, T. marginatus larvae perform well on A. glycines, A. nerii, and A. monardae in laboratory feeding trials, implying that factors other than host suitability are limiting their potential to exert biological control on soybean aphids.
Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 2020
Population variations of predatory hoverflies in agroecosystems depend mainly on the resources that crops and wild vegetation provides them as well as death caused by natural enemies. We identified I) aphidophagous hoverfly species in lettuce and broccoli crops in Buenos Aires, II) the seasonal variations of the immature stages and their larval parasitism, and III) the wild plants, surrounding the crops, visited by adults. Fortnightly, 30 leaves were randomly selected in both crops during 2018-2019 and immature stages of syrphids and aphids per leaf were recorded. Adults were manually collected in patches of the wild plants (during 10 min of direct observations), and plants visited by adults were determined. The hoverflies were Allograpta exotica Wiedemann and Toxomerus duplicatus Wiedemann. Only A. exotica was recorded in crops. The dominant aphids were Myzus persicae (Sulzer) in lettuce and Brevycorine brassicae (L.) in broccoli. Parasitism rates ranged between 8 and 100% and the ...
Cadernos De Agroecologia, 2011
Resumos do VII Congresso Brasileiro de Agroecologia -Fortaleza/CE -12 a 16/12/2011 12517 -Dinâmica populacional de parasitóides de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em milho (Zea mays L.) cultivado no sistema orgânico de produção Population dynamics of parasitoids of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize (Zea mays L.) grown under organic production Resumo A produção orgânica de milho (Zea mays L.) no Brasil vem apresentando um crescimento significativo a cada ano. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a dinâmica populacional dos parasitóides de lagartas de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em milho cultivado no sistema orgânico de produção. Sementes de milho convencional (BR 106) foram plantadas em área orgânica, via plantio direto, sem aplicação de produtos químicos. Durante todo o ciclo da cultura do milho, três vezes por semana, foram amostradas em cada parcela, 10 plantas ao acaso, totalizando 240 plantas por amostragem. As lagartass de S. frugiperda foram coletadas e o ciclo biológico acompanhado até o aparecimento dos adultos e/ou parasitóides. Foram realizadas 20 coletas de plantas, sendo o número total de lagartas de S. frugiperda de 1.067. Do total de lagartas de S. frugiperda amostradas, 81,2% originaram adultos; 14,5% parasitadas por Hymenoptera ou Diptera e 4,3% mortas pela ação de microrganismos. Em todas as coletas de plantas foram encontradas lagartas parasitadas, indicando a importância dos agentes de controle natural na redução da densidade populacional de S. frugiperda. Palavras-Chave: Agroecossistema, biodiversidade, controle biológico, inimigos naturais, lagarta-do-cartucho.
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), appeared in 2016 on maize crop in the Americas. Thereafter, it was recorded as an invasive pest in Africa during 2017. In Egypt, this study was conducted during 2022 to investigate the nutritional indices and host preference of the 3 rd and 5 th instars of FAW larval stage on fifteen vegetable crops under laboratory conditions. Experiments were conducted under constant temperature in an incubator at 27±1°C, relative humidity of 65±5% and a photoperiod of 14:10 hrs (light: dark). The results obtained showed that the hosts Beta vulgaris L., Cichorium intybus L., Fragaria x ananassa L., Brassica rapa L. and Zea mays L. var. everta were significantly favoured as primary hosts for FAW development. These hosts had higher larval and pupal weight and feeding indices: consumption index (CI), approximate digestibility (AD), efficiency of conversion of ingested food into body matter (ECI), efficiency of conversion of digested food into body matter (ECD) and relative growth rate (RGR). Whereas the hosts Vigna unguiculata, Lactuca sativa, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Brassica oleracear var. botrytis, Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa, Pisum sativum and Vicia faba were favored as secondary hosts for FAW development, with lower values for larvae and pupae weight and feeding indices. However, the larvae did not prefer and did not complete feeding on the hosts Cucumis sativus, Solanum lycopersicum and Phaseolus vulgaris.
2013
8 Capitulo 1. Introduccion general 11 Capitulo 2. Prey availability and abiotic requirements of immature stages of the aphid predator Sphaerophoria rueppellii 37 Capitulo 3. A differential role of volatiles from conspecific and heterospecific competitors in the selection of oviposition sites by the aphidophagous hoverfly Sphaerophoria rueppellii 65 Capitulo 4. Feeding preferences of the aphidophagous hoverfly Sphaerophoria rueppellii affect the performance of their offspring 91 Capitulo 5. Effect of UV-absorbing nets on the performance of the aphid predator Sphaerophoria rueppellii 111 Capitulo 6. Discusion general y resultados 133 Conclusiones 143 Apendice 145 Imagenes 153