Acute high-intensity exercise with low energy expenditure reduced LDL-c and total cholesterol in men (original) (raw)
Related papers
2000
Effects of training and a single session of exercise on lipids and apolipoproteins in hypercholesterolemic men. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(6): [2019][2020][2021][2022][2023][2024][2025][2026][2027] 1997.-To differentiate between transient (acute) and training (chronic) effects of exercise at two different intensities on blood lipids and apolipoproteins (apo), 26 hypercholesterolemic men (cholesterol ϭ 258 mg/dl, age ϭ 47 yr, weight ϭ 81.9 kg) trained three times per week for 24 wk, 350 kcal/session at high (80% maximal O 2 uptake, n ϭ 12) or moderate (50% maximal O 2 uptake, n ϭ 14) intensity. Serum lipid and apolipoprotein (apo) concentrations (plasma volume adjusted) were measured before and immediately, 24, and 48 h after exercise on four different occasions corresponding to 0, 8, 16, and 24 wk of training. Data were analyzed using three-way repeatedmeasures multivariate analysis of variance followed by analysis of variance and Duncan's procedures (␣ ϭ 0.05). A transient 6% rise in low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol measured before training at the 24-h time point was no longer evident after training. Triglycerides fell and total cholesterol, highdensity-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL 3 -C, apo A-I, and apo B rose 24-48 h after exercise regardless of training or intensity. Total cholesterol, HDL 3 -C, apo A-I, and apo B were lower and HDL 2 -C was higher after training than before training. Thus exercise training and a single session of exercise exert distinct and interactive effects on lipids and apolipoproteins. These results support the practice of training at least every other day to obtain optimal exercise benefits.
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 1998
Increases in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels have previously been reported after moderate exercise bouts lasting less than two hours in men. Little information exists, however, on HDL-C responses after moderate duration exercise in women. Post-exercise HDL-C modifications may appear diVerently in women because of higher baseline HDL-C concentrations and diVerences in lipolytic activity. To determine the influence of exercise on acute HDL-C responses in women, 12 trained premenopausal women (22 (4) years old; mean (SD)) who ran 24-48 km a week exercised on a motor driven treadmill at 75% VO 2 MAX until 3.34 MJ (800 kcal) were expended (72 (9) min). Subjects were all tested during the early follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. Fasting blood samples were obtained before exercise (baseline), immediately after (IPE), one hour after (1 h PE), 24 hours after (24 h PE), and 48 hours after (48 h PE) exercise. Plasma was analysed for HDL-C, HDL 2-C, and HDL 3-C. A significant increase in HDL-C was observed 48 h PE (p<0.05). HDL 3-C increased IPE (p<0.01) but returned to baseline at 1 h PE. In contrast, HDL 2-C was not significantly diVerent from baseline at any time point. The rise in HDL-C, however, was attributed to an increase in both HDL 2 and HDL 3. Moreover, at 48 h PE, the increase in HDL-C correlated highly with changes in HDL 2-C (r = 0.92). Thus it appears that exercise of moderate duration can elicit similar post-exercise increases in HDL-C in women to those previously reported in men. However, the changes in HDL subfractions leading to the rise in HDL-C may be diVerent in women.
Training intensity, blood lipids, and apolipoproteins in men with high cholesterol
Journal of Applied Physiology
Training intensity, blood lipids, and apolipoproteins in men with high cholesterol. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(1): 270-277, 1997.-Twenty-six hypercholesterolemic men (mean cholesterol, 258 mg/dl; age, 47 yr; weight, 81.9 kg) completed 24 wk of cycle ergometer training (3 days/wk, 350 kcal/session) at either high (n 5 12) or moderate (n 5 14) intensity (80 and 50% maximal O 2 uptake, respectively, randomly assigned) to test the influence of training intensity on blood lipid and apolipoprotein (apo) concentrations. All physiological, lipid, and apo measurements were completed at 0, 8, 16, and 24 wk. Lipid data were analyzed via two 3 four repeated-measures analysis of variance (~5 0.0031). Training produced a significant decrease in body weight and increase in maximal O 2 uptake. No interactions between intensity and weeks of training were noted for any lipid or apo variable, and no between-group differences were significant before or throughout training. Therefore, intensity did not affect the training response. Regardless of intensity, apo AI and apo B fell 9 and 13%, respectively, by week 16 and remained lower through week 24 (P , 0.0003). Total cholesterol fell transiently (25.5%) by week 16 (P , 0.0021) but returned to initial levels by week 24. Triglyceride, low-densitylipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol did not change with training. In contrast, HDL 2 cholesterol rose 79% above initial levels by week 8 and 82% above initial levels by week 24 (P , 0.0018); HDL 3 cholesterol fell 8 and 13% over the same training intervals (P , 0.0026). These data show that changes in blood lipid and apo concentrations that accompany training in hypercholesterolemic men are not influenced by exercise intensity when caloric expenditure is held constant. exercise; hypercholesterolemia; lipoproteins
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1983
The plasma total cholesterol (TC) and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations of sedentary young men (n = 23) were determined during 4 wk of controlled feeding and 6 wk of supervised aerobic conditioning. Subjects were assigned to dietary treatments of 400 mg cholesterol per day (M) or 1400 mg cholesterol per day (H); both diets had a P/S ratio of about 0.6. Dietary groups M and H were subdivided into exercise (MX and HX) and sedentary (MS and HS) groups. Compared to the sedentary groups, MX and HX exhibited significant (p less than 0.01) improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness. After 2 and 4 wk of high cholesterol feeding, group HS exhibited significant (p less than 0.05) elevations in TC (+30 +/- 7 and +32 +/- 9 mg/dl) with nonsignificant increases in very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Group HX exhibited consistent weekly increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (from 46 +/- 3 mg/dl, the base level, to 53 +/- 4 mg/dl...
International journal of sport nutrition, 1991
The effect of weight lifting and running on the plasma lipid profiles of a physically fit 32-year-old hypercholesterolemic male were determined while he adhered to a controlled Phase III American Heart Association diet. The subject followed the same daily menu pattern for the entire test period. He completed four treatment phases: 6 weeks of detraining, 10 weeks of weight lifting, 10 weeks of running, and 10 weeks of weight lifting. The study was designed to closely compare two modes of exercise training for the same duration. A complete lipid profile was analyzed at baseline and every 5 weeks thereafter. Body weight and body fat remained constant throughout the study. Results revealed that running was the only effective treatment in raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). A return to weight lifting was associated with a 4 mg % decrease in HDL-C. The controlled low-fat, high carbohydrate, and low cholesterol diet effectively reduced total cholesterol, low-density, and ...
Response of blood lipids to exercise training alone or combined with dietary intervention
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2001
LEON, A. S., and O. A. SANCHEZ. Response of blood lipids and lipoproteins to exercise training alone or combined with dietary intervention. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 33, No. 6, Suppl., pp. S502-S515, 2001. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to review the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET) on blood lipids and assess dose-response relationships and diet interactions. Methods: We reviewed papers published over the past three decades pertaining to intervention trials on the effects of Ն 12 wk of AET on blood lipids and lipoprotein outcomes in adult men and women. Included were studies with simultaneous dietary and AET interventions, if they had appropriate comparison groups. Studies were classified by the participants' relative weights expressed as mean BMIs. Information was extracted on baseline characteristics of study subjects, including age, sex, and relative baseline cholesterol levels; details on the training programs; and the responses to training of body weight, V O 2max , and blood total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG). Results: We identified 51 studies, 28 of which were randomized controlled trials. AET was generally performed at a moderate to hard intensity, with weekly energy expenditures ranging from 2,090 to Ͼ20,000 kJ. A marked inconsistency was observed in responsiveness of blood lipids. The most commonly observed change was an increase in HDL-C (with reductions in TC, LDL-C, and TG less frequently observed). Insufficient data are available to establish dose-response relationships between exercise intensity and volume with lipid changes. The increase in HDL-C with AET was inversely associated with its baseline level (r ϭ Ϫ0.462), but no significant associations were found with age, sex, weekly volume of exercise, or with exercise-induced changes in body weight or V O 2max . Conclusion: Moderate-to hard-intensity AET inconsistently results in an improvement in the blood lipid profile, with the data insufficient to establish dose-response relationships.
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 2001
High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations have been shown to increase with regular endurance exercise and, therefore, can contribute to a lower risk of coronary heart disease in physically active individuals compared with sedentary subjects. Although low HDL cholesterol levels are frequently observed in combination with hypertriglyceridemia, some individuals may be characterized by isolated hypoalphalipoproteinemia, ie, low HDL cholesterol levels in the absence of elevated triglyceride (TG) concentrations. The present study compared the responses of numerous lipoprotein-lipid variables to a 20-week endurance exercise training program in men categorized on the basis of baseline TG and HDL cholesterol concentrations: (1) low TG and high HDL cholesterol (normolipidemia), (2) low TG and low HDL cholesterol (isolated low HDL cholesterol), (3) high TG and high HDL cholesterol (isolated high TGs), and (4) high TGs and low HDL cholesterol (high TG/low HDL cholesterol). A series of physical and metabolic variables was measured before and after the training program in a sample of 200 men enrolled in the Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training and Genetics (HERITAGE) Family Study. At baseline, men with high TG/low HDL cholesterol had more visceral adipose tissue than did men with isolated low HDL cholesterol and men with normolipidemia. The 0.4% (not significant) exercise-induced increase in HDL cholesterol levels in men with isolated low HDL cholesterol suggests that they did not benefit from the "HDL-raising" effect of exercise. In contrast, men with high TG/low HDL cholesterol showed a significant increase in HDL cholesterol levels (4.9%, PϽ0.005). Whereas both subgroups of men with elevated TG levels showed reductions in plasma TGs (ϷϪ15.0%, PϽ0.005), only those with high TG/low HDL cholesterol showed significantly reduced apolipoprotein B levels at the end of the study (Ϫ6.0%, PϽ0.005). Multiple regression analyses revealed that the exercise-induced change in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (10.6%, PϽ0.01) was the only significant correlate of the increase in plasma HDL cholesterol with training in men with high TG/low HDL cholesterol. Results of the present study suggest that regular endurance exercise training may be particularly helpful in men with low HDL cholesterol, elevated TGs, and abdominal obesity. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001;21:1226-1232.)